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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nutrition - Autotrophs
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Inorganic matter
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Nutrition - Hetertrophs
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Require organic matter
All medically relavent bacteria are in this category |
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Mechanisms of Energy Production (3)
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-Photosynthesis
-Respiration -Fermentation |
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Respiration - Energy Production Types (2)
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-Aerobic -> O2 is terminal Electron acceptor
-Anerobic -> e- acceptor not O2 *can use different cytochromes / different organic molecules |
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Fermentation
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-No O2 or inorganic e- acceptor available
- Use organic compounds-> leave organic products |
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ATP production of Energy types
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Aerobic Respiration - 38 ATP
Anaerobic Respiration - 30 ATP Fermentation - 2 ATP |
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O2 is only e- acceptor
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Obligate Aerobes
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Anaerobes:
Superoxide dismutase + Catalase + |
Aerotolerant - Detoxify O radicals
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Anaerobes:
Superoxide dismutase - Catalase - |
Aerointolerant - can NOT detoxify radical O
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Use O2 or inorganic e- acceptors
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Facultative anaerobes - adaptable to multiple environmental niches
Majority of medically related bacteria since they are very adaptabled |
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No aerobic respiration; need O2 for other processes
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Microaerophiles - require low levels of O2
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Basic Inorganic Nutrient (4)
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N2 / S / Pi / Divalent Cations (Mg / Ca /Fe)
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Requires at least one organic product from environment
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Auxotroph
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Can synthesize all organic products as needed
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Prototroph
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Salinity
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Most medically relavent grow ~0.85% salt
Halophiles - 3% salt |
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Temperture Classifications (3)
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Psychrophilic: 15-20C
Mesophilic: 30-37C Thermophilic: 50-60C |
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pH Category (3)
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Acidophilic <5
Neutralophilic 6 - 8 Alkaliphilic >9 |
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Types of Cell Division (2)
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- Binary Fission
- Incomplete Septation * leads to strep / staph |
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Colony
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Genetic clones of parent cell
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CFU
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Colony Forming unit (count spots on plate)
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Selective Media
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Only certain bacteria can grow
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Differential media
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Different types of bacteria look different
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Parts of Growth Curve (4)
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1 - Lag: No net growth
2 - Log: Expanential Growth 3 - Stationary: Nutrients run out, no net growth 4 - Death: Toxic products build up, autolytic enzymes |
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Endospore Resistant to?
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-Boiling
-Radiation -Desiccation -Most Disinfectants |
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Kill Endospores with
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Autoclaving
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Genera forming endospores
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-Bacillus
-Clostridium |
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Gram type of Bacillus
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Gram +
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Gram type of Clostridium
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Gram + (Anaerobic)
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Spore contains
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-tRNA
-Ribosomes -DNA |
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Spore coat
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-Highly cross-linked PG
-Ba-dipicolinic acid |
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Formation of spore (2 steps)
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-Uneven division (forespore)
-coated and released as spore |
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Properties of Spores (2)
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-Metabolically inert
-Viable for hundreds of years |
