Bacterial Genetics Lecture 3

Front 1

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Back 1

DNA -> transcription-> RNA -> translation

Front 2

What are the primary structures of DNA?

Back 2

Sugar, phosphate, and bases

Front 3

Nucleotides can be made up of what two types of sugars?

Back 3

Ribose or deoxyribose

Hint 3

DNA or RNA

Front 4

The phosphate group contains what that makes DNA acidic?

Back 4

Negative charge

Front 5

Which carbon is the phosphate group attached to?

Back 5

5' carbon

Front 6

DNA bases are also called what?

Back 6

Nitrogenous bases

Front 7

What are the types of nitrogenous bases?

Back 7

Purines and pyrimidines

Front 8

Which nucleotides are purines?

Back 8

Adenine and guanine

Hint 8

Two of them

Front 9

Which nucleotides are purines?

Back 9

Adenine and guanine

Hint 9

Two of them

Front 10

Which nucleotides are pyrimidines?

Back 10

Cytosine, thymine, and uracil (RNA)

Front 11

Which nucleotides are purines?

Back 11

Adenine and guanine

Hint 11

Two of them

Front 12

Which nucleotides are pyrimidines?

Back 12

Cytosine, thymine, and uracil (RNA)

Front 13

Nitrogenous bases are attached to which carbon?

Back 13

1' carbon

Front 14

Which nucleotides are purines?

Back 14

Adenine and guanine

Hint 14

Two of them

Front 15

Which nucleotides are pyrimidines?

Back 15

Cytosine, thymine, and uracil (RNA)

Front 16

Nitrogenous bases are attached to which carbon?

Back 16

1' carbon

Front 17

What is the secondary structure of DNA made up of and held together by?

Back 17

Two polynucleotide strains held together by hydrogen bonds

Front 18

Which nucleotides are purines?

Back 18

Adenine and guanine

Hint 18

Two of them

Front 19

Which nucleotides are pyrimidines?

Back 19

Cytosine, thymine, and uracil (RNA)

Front 20

Nitrogenous bases are attached to which carbon?

Back 20

1' carbon

Front 21

What is the secondary structure of DNA made up of and held together by?

Back 21

Two polynucleotide strains held together by hydrogen bonds

Front 22

What are two spiral chains of amino acids that are held together by hydrogen bonds, called?

Back 22

Double alpha-helix

Front 23

Which nucleotides are purines?

Back 23

Adenine and guanine

Hint 23

Two of them

Front 24

Which nucleotides are pyrimidines?

Back 24

Cytosine, thymine, and uracil (RNA)

Front 25

Nitrogenous bases are attached to which carbon?

Back 25

1' carbon

Front 26

What is the secondary structure of DNA made up of and held together by?

Back 26

Two polynucleotide strains held together by hydrogen bonds

Front 27

What are two spiral chains of amino acids that are held together by hydrogen bonds, called?

Back 27

Double alpha-helix

Front 28

How is DNA arranged?

Back 28

5' -> 3' opposite other strand 5' -> 3'

Hint 28

Down and up arrangement

Front 29

Which nucleotides are purines?

Back 29

Adenine and guanine

Hint 29

Two of them

Front 30

Which nucleotides are pyrimidines?

Back 30

Cytosine, thymine, and uracil (RNA)

Front 31

Nitrogenous bases are attached to which carbon?

Back 31

1' carbon

Front 32

What is the secondary structure of DNA made up of and held together by?

Back 32

Two polynucleotide strains held together by hydrogen bonds

Front 33

What are two spiral chains of amino acids that are held together by hydrogen bonds, called?

Back 33

Double alpha-helix

Front 34

How is DNA arranged?

Back 34

5' -> 3' opposite other strand 5' -> 3'

Hint 34

Down and up arrangement

Front 35

What must happen before binary fission (bacterial cell division) can occur?

Back 35

DNA replication

Front 36

Which nucleotides are purines?

Back 36

Adenine and guanine

Hint 36

Two of them

Front 37

Which nucleotides are pyrimidines?

Back 37

Cytosine, thymine, and uracil (RNA)

Front 38

Nitrogenous bases are attached to which carbon?

Back 38

1' carbon

Front 39

What is the secondary structure of DNA made up of and held together by?

Back 39

Two polynucleotide strains held together by hydrogen bonds

Front 40

What are two spiral chains of amino acids that are held together by hydrogen bonds, called?

Back 40

Double alpha-helix

Front 41

How is DNA arranged?

Back 41

5' -> 3' opposite other strand 5' -> 3'

Hint 41

Down and up arrangement

Front 42

What must happen before binary fission (bacterial cell division) can occur?

Back 42

DNA replication

Front 43

In bacteria, where does DNA replication start?

Back 43

Origin of replication

Front 44

Which nucleotides are purines?

Back 44

Adenine and guanine

Hint 44

Two of them

Front 45

Which nucleotides are pyrimidines?

Back 45

Cytosine, thymine, and uracil (RNA)

Front 46

Nitrogenous bases are attached to which carbon?

Back 46

1' carbon

Front 47

What is the secondary structure of DNA made up of and held together by?

Back 47

Two polynucleotide strains held together by hydrogen bonds

Front 48

What are two spiral chains of amino acids that are held together by hydrogen bonds, called?

Back 48

Double alpha-helix

Front 49

How is DNA arranged?

Back 49

5' -> 3' opposite other strand 5' -> 3'

Hint 49

Down and up arrangement

Front 50

What must happen before binary fission (bacterial cell division) can occur?

Back 50

DNA replication

Front 51

In bacteria, where does DNA replication start and in which direction?

Back 51

Origin of replication and proceeds bi-directionally

Front 52

Which nucleotides are purines?

Back 52

Adenine and guanine

Hint 52

Two of them

Front 53

Which nucleotides are pyrimidines?

Back 53

Cytosine, thymine, and uracil (RNA)

Front 54

Nitrogenous bases are attached to which carbon?

Back 54

1' carbon

Front 55

What is the secondary structure of DNA made up of and held together by?

Back 55

Two polynucleotide strains held together by hydrogen bonds

Front 56

What are two spiral chains of amino acids that are held together by hydrogen bonds, called?

Back 56

Double alpha-helix

Front 57

How is DNA arranged?

Back 57

5' -> 3' opposite other strand 5' -> 3'

Hint 57

Down and up arrangement

Front 58

What must happen before binary fission (bacterial cell division) can occur?

Back 58

DNA replication

Front 59

In bacteria, where does DNA replication start and in which direction?

Back 59

Origin of replication and proceeds bi-directionally

Front 60

Name one major enzyme responsible for making and breaking phosphodiester bonds ahead of the replication fork?

Back 60

Gyrase (topoisomerase)

Hint 60

Only one mentioned on slides

Front 61

Which nucleotides are purines?

Back 61

Adenine and guanine

Hint 61

Two of them

Front 62

Which nucleotides are pyrimidines?

Back 62

Cytosine, thymine, and uracil (RNA)

Front 63

Nitrogenous bases are attached to which carbon?

Back 63

1' carbon

Front 64

What is the secondary structure of DNA made up of and held together by?

Back 64

Two polynucleotide strains held together by hydrogen bonds

Front 65

What are two spiral chains of amino acids that are held together by hydrogen bonds, called?

Back 65

Double alpha-helix

Front 66

How is DNA arranged?

Back 66

5' -> 3' opposite other strand 5' -> 3'

Hint 66

Down and up arrangement

Front 67

What must happen before binary fission (bacterial cell division) can occur?

Back 67

DNA replication

Front 68

In bacteria, where does DNA replication start and in which direction?

Back 68

Origin of replication and proceeds bi-directionally

Front 69

Name one major enzyme responsible for making and breaking phosphodiester bonds ahead of the replication fork?

Back 69

Gyrase (topoisomerase)

Hint 69

Only one mentioned on slides

Front 70

Why is bacterial DNA replication considered a semi-conservative process?

Back 70

Because one original strand is paired with a newly synthesized strand

Hint 70

Conservative meaning no change