Bacterial And Fungal Neuro And Alimantary Pathogens

Front 1

can cause TME thrombotic meningoencephalitis, usually seen in feedlot cattle, usually affects cattle 6-12 months of age, stress contributes to disease, neurological signs are usually preceded for 1-2 weeks by dyspnea and a dry harsh cough

Back 1

Histophilus somni

Hint 1

Gram - bacillus, facultative anaerobe

Front 2

widespread in nature, acquired by ingestion, more common in the winter, most common in ruminants, occasionally pigs called silage disease, found in silage not acidic enough, commonly called circling disease, causes encephalitis, lesions on the brain stem typically on one side, see unilateral neurological signs such as facial droop, circling, zoonotic via ingestion, can cause abortion, and can infect immunocompromised individuals. See perivascular cuffing

Back 2

Listeria monocytogenes

Hint 2

gram + bacilli facultative anaerobe

Front 3

see symptoms in swine a few weeks after weaning, disease associated with stress, earliest sign is an increased rectal temperature, fever, anorexia, depression, incoordination, recumbency, paddling, spasms, opisthotonus (arching) and convulsions

Back 3

Streptococcus suis

Hint 3

non spore forming gram + cocci in chains

Front 4

entry through deep puncture wounds (no O2), remain localized at the site of infection, produce a neurotoxin causing spastic paralysis, prolapse of 3rd eye, increased muscle stiffness, muscle tremor, lockjaw, sawhorse posture, remain conscious, death from respiratory arrest

Back 4

Clostridium tetani

Hint 4

gram positive, spore forming bacillus (tennis racket), obligate anaerobe

Front 5

acquired usually by ingestion, rarely by wound infections (toxicoinfectious botulism), causes flaccid paralysis, incoordination leading to recumbency, in Shaker foal syndrome

Back 5

Clostridium botulinum

Hint 5

gram positive, spore forming bacillus (tennis racket), obligate anaerobe

Front 6

localize in the CNS following dissemination from the lungs signs include depression, seizures, circling, head pressing, ataxia, loss of smell, in dogs see eye involvement, dogs most likely to develop signs, sometimes seen in cats, in cats and dogs also see ulcerative lesions in the mouth and in the head

Back 6

Cryptococcus neoformans

Hint 6

always found as a yeast

Front 7

ingested, see in rabbits and puppies (4-10 weeks old), cause encephalitis and nephritis, zoonotic

Back 7

Encephalitozoon cuniculi

Hint 7

microsporidia, obligate intracellular, unicellular “fungi”

Front 8

Calf diphtheria: 2 forms, can also occur in lambsa.
oral necrobacillosis: foul smelling necrotic swelling in cheeks, more
common, deep ulcer in the mucosa of the cheek, moderate fever,
depression, anorexiab.  laryngeal necrobacillosis, (calf diphtheria), can also see in lambs

Back 8

Fusobacterium necrophorum

Hint 8

gram -, obligate anaerobe, bacilli or filaments

Front 9

Bullnose in swine: necrotic rhinitis upon injury to face or oral cavity, necrotic cellulitis

Back 9

Fusobacterium necrophorum

Hint 9

gram -, obligate anaerobe, bacilli or filaments

Front 10

disease in cattle, sheep, dogs and horses, in Cattle: wooden tongue, excessive salivation, difficulty masticating, tongue swollen and hard, enlargement of local lymph nodes, purulent discharge from lesions, contains little nodular things (sulfur bodies), contain bacteria in the puss, nodules form along the lymph tract, primarily a disease of the soft tissue

Back 10

Actinobacillus lignieresii

Hint 10

gram negative small bacilli or coccobacillus, facultative anaerobe

Front 11

cattle: lumpy jaw, introduced by trauma or erupting teeth, causes osteomyelitis, invades bone of mandible or maxilla, forms a hard immovable lesion, breaks through the skin and discharges pus containing sulfur granules (yellowish/white), primarily an infection of the bone.

Back 11

Actinomyces bovis and rarely Actinomyces israeli

Hint 11

gram + filamentous, species vary in O2 requirement, higher bacteria, fungal like

Front 12

dogs: Primarily a soft tissue infection in dogs, pyogranulomatous lesions form in the soft tissue of the head and neck

Back 12

Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces hordeovulneris

Hint 12

gram + filamentous, species vary in O2 requirement, higher bacteria, fungal like

Front 13

(crop mycosis, thrush) observed in pigeons, turkeys, chickens, pheasants, geese and parakeets. More common in young birds, white circular raised ulcers, decreased weight gain

Back 13

Candida albicans (Avian candidiasis)

Hint 13

yeast (dimorphic), forms hyphae depending upon temp, pH or nutritional status

Front 14

neonatal and weanling pigs, neonatal calves, lambs and puppies, water imbalance and dehydration, host specific due to pili (all encoded on plasmids) diarrhea in young animals (secretory), toxin leads to secretion of liquid by enterocytes, causes travelers diarrhea

Back 14

Enterotoxigenic E coli

Hint 14

Gram - facultative rod

Front 15

calves: hemorrhagic colitis with ulcerative inflammatory lesions in the colon, septicemia occasionally seen

Back 15

Necrotoxogenic e coli 1

Hint 15

Gram - facultative rod

Front 16

pigs: starts as enteritis, progresses to enterocolitis characterized by bloody diarrhea, bacteremic spread to the lungs is common

Back 16

Necrotoxogenic e coli 1

Hint 16

Gram - facultative rod

Front 17

in calves, non bloody diarrhea, occasional sepsis

Back 17

Necrotoxogenic e coli 1

Hint 17

Gram - facultative rod

Front 18

cattle: mucoid hemorrhagic diarrhea in calves (1-8 weeks), often recurrent

Back 18

Shiga toxin producing E coli

Hint 18

Gram - facultative rod

Front 19

pigs (recently weaned), high case fatality 50-90%, edema disease, swollen face, also see edema in GI tract, clinical signs are subcutaneous edema and NS involvement (ataxia and convulsions)

Back 19

Shiga toxin producing E coli

Hint 19

Gram - facultative rod

Front 20

disease in humans (O157:H7) other serotypes important too, carried by healthy cattle, in humans cause hemolytic uremic syndrome, zoonotic, CBC select agents list

Back 20

EHEC

Hint 20

Gram - facultative rod

Front 21

cattle 1. Newborns: septicemia, dullness, high fever and death in 24-48 hrs. 2. Older animals: acute enteritis, sometimes containing blood

Back 21

Salmonella enterica

Hint 21

gram -, non lactose fermenting bacilli, facultative intracellular pathogen

Front 22

in horses, Typhimurium and Anatum cause diarrhea usually some predisposing factor

Back 22

Salmonella enterica

Hint 22

gram -, non lactose fermenting bacilli, facultative intracellular pathogen

Front 23

Pullorum and Gallinarum (fowl typhoid) two serious serovars no longer found in the US (palorium is reportable).

Back 23

Salmonella enterica

Hint 23

gram -, non lactose fermenting bacilli, facultative intracellular pathogen

Front 24

Dogs and cats see enteritis with Typhimurium

Back 24

Salmonella enterica

Hint 24

gram -, non lactose fermenting bacilli, facultative intracellular pathogen

Front 25

in humans chinchillas, hares and monkeys, causes enteritis and mesenteric adenitis. In pigs, goats, dogs and cats causes diarrhea in young animals. grow at low temp (cold enrichment), often contract from bacteria in pork, prevent this by removing tonsils during slaughter, persistent in pigs for up to 30 days. produces St like in ETEC

Back 25

Yersinia enterocolitica

Hint 25

gram - non-lactose fermenting bacilli

Front 26

primarily in birds and rodents, occasionally, cats, sheep and swine. Disease starts as enteritis, spreads to mesenteric LN, liver and spleen

Back 26

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

Hint 26

gram - non-lactose fermenting bacilli

Front 27

gastroenteritis, mild to watery feces with mucus and blood, seen in dogs primates and humans, fowl are not affected. Human disease acquired from milk and poultry

Back 27

Campylobacter

Hint 27

gram - curved bacilli, microaerophilic

Front 28

natural inhabitant of the stomach or intestines, can cause inflammation in stomach, gastritis, ulceration and certain types of gastric carcinomas

Back 28

Helicobacter

Hint 28

gram - spirals or curved rods

Front 29

in pigs, chronic seen in post weaned animals, interested in food but refuse to eat, sometimes moderate diarrhea, in older animals (4-12 mo) see acute hemorrhagic anemia and the production of black tarry feces, half of the animals die without any symptoms

Back 29

Lawsonia intracellularis

Hint 29

obligate intracellular parasite of epithelial cells, gram - curved bacilli

Front 30

in horses causes equine proliferative enteropathy in 4-10 mo foals, see anorexia, depression, fever, diarrhea and colic.

Back 30

Lawsonia intracellularis

Hint 30

obligate intracellular parasite of epithelial cells, gram - curved bacilli

Front 31

swine dysentery, mucohemorrhagic diarrhea, dehydration

Back 31

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

Hint 31

spirochetes, gram -, anaerobe, hard to see, very thin

Front 32

mild persistent diarrhea in post weaned pigs, dogs, birds and humans

Back 32

Brachyspira pilosicoli

Hint 32

spirochetes, gram -, anaerobe, hard to see, very thin