Bacterial Alimentary Disease

Front 1

What is the causative agent of swine dysentery?

Back 1

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

Front 2

What sort of bacterium is Brachyspira hyodystenteriae?

Back 2

Slender, helical, oxygen tolerant but anaerobic

Beta-haemolytic, gram negative, motile

Front 3

Which features of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae are required for pathogenicity?

Back 3

The flagellum

The haemolysins tlyA, tlyB, tlyC.

Front 4

When is the main time that pigs are at risk for swine dysentery?

Back 4

After weaning, when they go into the finishing sheds.

Front 5

Where does Brachyspira hyodystenteriae multiply?

Back 5

Goblet cells of the colonic crypts

Spreads to the enterocytes

Front 6

How does Brachyspira hyodysenteriae cause tissue damage?

Back 6

Haemolysin

Front 7

Where and what is the pathology in swine dysentery?

Back 7

Large intestine

Inflammation, necrosis, excessive mucus production, varying degrees of haemorrhage

The intestinal folds are usually thickened

Front 8

What sort of diarrhoea is seen in swine dysentery?

Back 8

Grey-black, sometimes watery, may contain mucus and necrotic material

Front 9

Of which disease is razor back a feature?

Back 9

Swine dysentery

Front 10

Why is direct microscopy of B hyodysenteriae cases not straightforward?

Back 10

B innocens is much less haemolytic and does not show intensification

P pilosicoli is mildly haemolytic, causes porcine intestinal spirochaetosis

Front 11

Why is PCR not necessarily the answer for confirming swine dysentery?

Back 11

There used to be a gene specific to innocens, that is now found in B hyodysenteriae

Front 12

What is the causative agent of porcine intestinal spirochaetosis?

Back 12

Brachyspira pilosicoli

Front 13

What sort of bacillus is Bacillus anthracis?

Back 13

Gram positive, large, endospore-forming rods

Front 14

What does oxygen do to Bacillus anthracis?

Back 14

Induces formation of spores from the rods

(thus in the microaerophilic intestine, it turns back into the vegetative form)

Front 15

In which 3 ways can one acquire anthrax?

Back 15

Ingestion

Inhalation

Biting insects

Front 16

Which group of animals are the most susceptible to anthrax?

Back 16

Cattle, sheep, goats

Front 17

What are the 4 virulence factors for anthrax?

Back 17

Capsule

Toxins:

Oedema toxin (adenylate cyclase)

Lethal toxin (metalloprotease)

Protective antigen

Front 18

What are the 3 forms that anthrax infection can take in man?

Back 18

Skin form

pulmonary form

intestinal form

Front 19

Which 2 forms can anthrax infection of pigs assume?

Back 19

subacute (lymphoma of pharynx, regional lymphadenitis

intestinal

Front 20

What do you do with a cadaver if you take anthrax?

Back 20

Do a blood smear from a superficial vein

Stain with polychrome methylene blue

Front 21

What does anthrax look like with McFadyen's stain?

Back 21

Front 22

What sort of bacteria are enteropathogenic clostridia?

Back 22

Large, gram positive rods

Anaerobic and sporulating

Front 23

What are the common clinical findings of C perfringens enterotoxaemias?

Back 23

Severe enteritis

Dysentery

Toxaemia

Rapid death

Front 24

Which type of C perfringens causes food poisoning in humans, and enterotoxaemia with jaundice in lambs?

Back 24

Type A

Front 25

What does C perfringens type B cause?

Back 25

Lamb dysentery

Front 26

What does C perfringens type C cause?

Back 26

Haemorrhagic enteritis of pigs, lambs, calves and foals

Struck

Nectrotic enteritis of chickens

Front 27

Which C perfringens strain causes pulpy kidney?

Back 27

Type D

Front 28

Which Clostridia causes Braxy?

Back 28

C. septicum

Front 29

What is braxy? When is it likely to occur?

Back 29

Haemorrhagic and necrotising abomasitis of sheep and calves

Occurs in spring, when animals are eating frost-damaged food