Bacteria That Do Not Gram Stain

Front 1

What bacteria is g- like w/ LPS and outer mem, obligate intracellular, and is strictly a human pathogen?

Back 1

Chlamydia

Front 2

What is the only bacteria to have 2 morphogenic forms?

Back 2

Chlamydia

Front 3

What form of Chlamydia is infectious, Enters cells via endocytosis, and is metabolically inactive?

Back 3

elementary body

Front 4

What form of Chlamydia is not infectious, Replicates in cell, and is metabolically active?

Back 4

reticulate body

Front 5

What allow Chlamydia to become a chronic infection?

Back 5

CD4, 8, and NK cells produce IFN gamma that temporarily stops replication

Front 6

What are 4 virulence factors of Chlamydia?

Back 6

type III secretion system for takind up nutrients and secreting apoptotic factors; prevents fusion of phagosome w/ lysosome; inhibits MHCI; LPS causes chronic inflm

Front 7

What are the signals causing chronic inflm w/ Chlamydia?

Back 7

LPS stimulates TLR4 to release IL-1 for adhesion molcs and IL-8 for neutrophils, can lead to scarring of not tx - infertility

Front 8

What is the most common reportable dx?

Back 8

Chlamydia trachomatis

Front 9

What are 3 dx's caused by C. trachomatis?

Back 9

trachoma, STD, opthalmia neonatorum

Front 10

Trachoma - serotypes? Found where? Dx process?

Back 10

serotypes A-C (Africa, Blindness, Chronic inf); developing countries; follicular conjunctivitis -> chronic infm -> loss of vision

Front 11

What Chlamydia serotypes cause STD?

Back 11

D-K

Front 12

What are the symptoms of Chlamydia?

Back 12

urethritis, cervicitis progresses to -> endometriosis and PID, epididymitis ad prostatitis, reactive arthritis (Reiter syn)

Front 13

Chlamydia serotypes L1-3 cause what dx?

Back 13

lymphogranuloma venerium

Front 14

What are the symptoms of Chlamydia pneumonia?

Back 14

sinusitis, bronchitis, walking pneumonia, inflm causing athersclerosis

Front 15

Describe key characteristics of Treponema pallidum

Back 15

extracellular, spirochete

Front 16

Describe 3 stages of syphilis

Back 16

primary - painless chancre that heals; 2ary - systemic spread, widespread rash on trunk, palms, soles, genital condylomata lata contaning organisms; teriary - gummas, neurosyphilis

Front 17

What bacteria does not have many virulence factors w/ symptoms caused mainly by host response?

Back 17

Treponema pallidum

Front 18

What bacteria is an extracellular spirochete and causes zoonotic inf mostly in eastern US?

Back 18

Borrelia burgdorferi

Front 19

What is the vector and reservoir for Borrelia?

Back 19

reservoir - mice (not sickened); vector - tick (Ixodes scapularis)

Front 20

How is Borrellia tferred from mouse to tick to human?

Back 20

tick feed on mouse and bacteria enters tick, tick attaches to gut via OspA and replicates, produces OpaC that allow it to enter salivary gland so that it can be tferred to human when tick bites

Front 21

Describe 3 stages of Lyme dx

Back 21

1 - erythema migrans; stage 2 - early disseminated (2ary lesions, fever, malaise, myalgia), disseminated (neurologic and cardiac problems, arthritis; 3 - chronic autoimm arthritis and neurologic dx

Front 22

What are key characteristics of Leptospira?

Back 22

extracellular spirochete, zoonotic inf w/ rodent reservoir

Front 23

Describe symptoms of leptospirosis

Back 23

phase 1 - abrupt fever, chills, HA; phase 2 - Weils dx involving kidey and liver failure, meningitis

Front 24

What bacteria is smallest free-living extracellular bacteria, has no cell wall, and incorporates host sterols into mem?

Back 24

Mycoplasma and ureaplasma

Front 25

What are 2 dx's caused by Mycoplasma pneumonia?

Back 25

tracheobronchitis and bronchopneumonia (walking pneumo)

Front 26

What are 3 virulence factors Mycoplasma pneumo has?

Back 26

P1 allowing attachment to resp epi to imobilize cilia, toxic metabolites, cytotoxin (like PTX)

Front 27

What bacteria produces P1 allowing attachment to resp epi?

Back 27

Mycoplasma pneumo

Front 28

What are symtoms of Mycoplasma pneumo inf?

Back 28

*insidious onset of low grade fever, malaise, HA

Front 29

What intracellular bacteria is acid fast containing mycolic acid, and is aerobic rod?

Back 29

Mycobacterium

Front 30

How is TB tmitted?

Back 30

resp droplet nuclei that can remain airborne for hours

Front 31

Where does TB replicate?

Back 31

alveolar M0

Front 32

Describe granuloma formation by TB

Back 32

inf causes inflm that recruits PMNs that start granuloma, becomes surrounded by giant cells, M0, and Th1; bacteria are contained due to T cell production of IFN-gamma and are non-replicating but alive

Front 33

Describe 2 stages of TB

Back 33

1ary - 6% get clinical TB, the rest get latent inf; 2ary - reactivation of granuloma, particularly in immune compromised

Front 34

Describe symptoms of TB

Back 34

insidious onset of fever, night sweats, weight loss, hemoptysis, cavitary lesions on CXR

Front 35

What causes erythema and induration w/ + PPD TB test?

Back 35

CD4 cells react to injected Ag and recruit PMN causing hardness and redness

Front 36

What bacteria is g- slender rod, facultative intracellular?

Back 36

Legionella

Front 37

Where does Legionella replicate?

Back 37

alveolar M0

Front 38

How is Legionella isolated in lab?

Back 38

buffered charcoal yeast extract agar w/ cysteine

Front 39

What bacteria survives high temps and Cl tx?

Back 39

Legionella

Front 40

How is Legionella tmitted?

Back 40

water mist created by A/C unit, whirlpools

Front 41

Describe 2 dx presentations of Legionella

Back 41

immune competent - Pontiac dx - mild, ferbrile; immune compromised - Legionarre's dx - pneumonia, abrupt onset, multisystem involvement

Front 42

What bacteria is obligate intracellular, zoonotic inf w/ tick as vector and rodent as reservoir, causes RMSF mostly in eastern US?

Back 42

Rickettsia rickettsii

Front 43

Describe 6 steps of R. riskettsii pathogensis

Back 43

tick bite introduces bacteria into blood; bacteria disseminate; attach to cells forcing phagocytosis; replicate in endothelium; escape phagosome and replicate in cytoplasm; spread cell-to-cell via actin based motility

Front 44

What dx causes damage to endothelium resulting in edema and hypovolemia?

Back 44

R. rickettsii

Front 45

Describe symptoms of RMSF

Back 45

high fever, HA, abd pain, rash on palms and soles, petichiae

Front 46

How is RMSF diagnosed?

Back 46

clinical presentation and serology

Front 47

How is RMSF tx?

Back 47

doxycycline, 75% can clear inf w/ CTL

Front 48

What bacteria are obligate intracellular and produce morulae by replicating w/i phagosome which is diagnostic of inf if found on peripheral blood smear?

Back 48

Ehrlichia and Anaplasma

Front 49

Where and how is Ehrlichia chaffeensis tmitted?

Back 49

eastern US, lone star tick is vector, white tailed deer is reservoir

Front 50

Where does Ehrlichia replicate?

Back 50

monocytes

Front 51

What are the symptoms of human monocytic erilichiosis and human granulocytic anaplasmosis?

Back 51

flu like w/ eash, may need hospitalization

Front 52

Where does Anaplasma phagocytophilum replicate?

Back 52

in neutrophils

Front 53

Where is Anaplasma found and how is it tmitted?

Back 53

mid atlantic and upper eastern US, Ixodes scapularis in east and I. pacificus in west

Front 54

What bacteria is obligat intracellular, replicates in M0, forms spore-like cell,infects placenta and shed after birth of animal and rarely infects humans?

Back 54

Coxiella burnettii

Front 55

What bacteria causes Q fever and tx?

Back 55

Coxiella burnettii, doxycycline

Front 56

What are the symptoms of Q fever?

Back 56

acute - sudden onset of fever (105), pneumonitis, hepatitis; chronic - endocarditis

Front 57

What bacteria is considered possible bioterrorism agent?

Back 57

Coxiella burnettii