Bacteria That Do Not Gram Stain 4/20

Front 1

1. Four reasons why an organism is difficult to gram stain?

Back 1

1. Too thin to be seen by light microscopy
2.Weak gram stain reaction

3. Cell wall does not take up gram stain
4. No cell wall or peptidoglycan

Front 2

2. Chlamydia and Chlamydophila can't grow on cell cultures, so they have elementary and reticulate bodies. Explain the difference?

Why are they called energy parasites?

Back 2

Elementary bodies- metabolically inactive, infectious form

Reticulate bodies- metabolically active, non-infectious form

They cannot make their own ATP, so they co-opt to cell's

Front 3

3. Name the two kinds of Chlamydia (Two biological variants (biovars) based on the type of host cells they infect)

What are the kinds of diseases with the STD?

Back 3

Chlamydia trachomatis -An STD
Chlamydophila pneumoniae -A respiratory infection

Eye infections (Trachoma and Neonatal Conjunctivitis)

Urethritis, cervicitis, endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease (salpingitis)

Front 4

4. What is the source of Chlamydia trachomatis?

3 ways it spreads?

Back 4

Human pathogen – no animal or environmental reservoirs

Transmitted by direct contact with infected secretions (Flies, Hands in eyes, and Sexual contact)

Front 5

5. Three clinical manifestations of Chlamydophila pneumoniae?

Back 5

Sinusitis
Bronchitis
Pneumonia

(Respiratory droplets-No animal reservoirs)

Front 6

6. Two virulence factors for Chlamydia?

Back 6

1. Intracellular survival
Prevents fusion of phagosome with lysosomes
2. LPS
Most of diseases manifestations are due to inflammatory response to LPS

Front 7

7. What is the bacteria that causes Syphilis?
hint: Tre Pally

Describe the shape of the bacteria

Back 7

Treponema pallidum


Corkscrew motility

Front 8

8. Describe the virulence of Treponema pallidum?
Culture?
Reaction?
LPS?
Adherence?
Secretions?

Back 8

Has not been grown in culture, thus knowledge of virulence factors is limited
Disease manifestations are due to host inflammatory response
Gram-negative cell wall structure, however, no LPS
Outer membrane proteins are involved in adherence
Coat themselves with fibronectin to avoid phagocytosis
Secrete hyaluronidase- aids in spread