Bacteria: Mycobacteria And Spirochaetes

Front 1

What properties do Mycobacterium have?

Back 1

Slow growers, acid fast bacteria (retain carbol fuchsin), have mycolic acid in cell wall and appear red against blue b/g in response to Ziehl-Neelson stain.

Front 2

What are the species in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex?

Back 2

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, Mycobacterium africanum.

Front 3

What do Mycobacterium bovis and bovis BCG do?

Back 3

M bovis is an uncommon form of tuberculosis and M bovis BCG is the strain used in vaccines against TB.

Front 4

What does Mycobacterium tuberculosis cause? How is it acquired? How is it spread inside human?

Back 4

TB
Inhalation
Ingested by alveolar macrophages, spread to regional lymph nodes, transported through bloodstream causin night sweats, malaise, weight loss, progressive cough.

Front 5

What does Mycobacterium leprae cause and how is it contracted?
What parts of the body does it affect?

Back 5

-Leprosy via skin or inhalation.
-Skin, upper respiratory tract, peripheral nerves and testes.

Front 6

What are the two different types of leprosy and what determines whether a patient will get one or the other?

Back 6

Tuberculoid and lepromatous; strong cell mediate response have tubercuolid, weak CMI have lepromatous.

Front 7

What are the features of tuberculoid leprosy?

Back 7

Hypopigemented macules with raised red borders and central lack of sensation and damage to large nerves with complete loss in nerve's distribution.

Front 8

What are the features of lepromatous leprosy?

Back 8

Symmetric skin lesions, heavy infiltration of respiratory tract especially nasal cavity, desturction of bone and ear cartilage, diffuse nerve involvement to hands and feet, testicular invasion and impaired function.

Front 9

What does mycobacterium avium cause?

Back 9

Disseminated infection in AIDS patients, chronic progressive lung disease in people without clear immuncompromis, mycobacterial lymphadenitis in children <5.

Front 10

What does mycobacterium intracellulare cause? What non-Mycobacteria bacteria also cause this?

Back 10

Mycobacterial lymphadeinits.
Bartonella heneslae.

Front 11

What does Mycobacterium marinum cause?

Back 11

Chronic granulomatous lesion on periphery after contamination of minor wound with water. Occasional spread along lymphatics fo affected limb.

Front 12

What does Mycobacterium fortuitum-chelonae complex cause?

Back 12

Diverse range of unusual infections in immunocompromised, mainly skin infections.

Front 13

What does Mycobacterium haemophilum cause?

Back 13

Painful nodular skin lesions causing abscess and draining sinuses.

Front 14

What are the four Genera of bacteria with spirochaetal morphology?

Back 14

Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira and Spirillum.

Front 15

What are the four species of the Genera Treponema?

Back 15

pallidum, pertenue, endemicum, carateum

Front 16

What does treponema pallidum cause?
What are the stages and desribe them?

Back 16

Syphillis
-Primary: Painless chancre at site of inoculation, regional lymphadenopathy.Secondary: Generalise rash involving mouth and genitals, aseptci meningitis, condylomata lata-wart like lesions in peri-anal and mucous patches, Latent: early for first four years after secondary and late silent progression to tertiray, Tertiary.

Front 17

What forms may tertiary syphillis take?

Back 17

-Cardiovascular: Syphilitic aortitis; inflamation of small vessels feeding aorta causing aortic aneurysm or dilation of aortic valve ring and insufficieny of valve.
-Neurosyphilis: Aseptic meningits with cranial nerve damage leading to blindness or deafness, damage to neurons of cerebrum or spinal cord, inability to receive sensory impulses from periphery.
Gummatous syphilis-Lesions on skin and bone called gummas causing destruction of surrounding tissue.

Front 18

What does Treponema pertenue cause?

Back 18

Yaws, chronic non-veneral disease affect skin and bones.

Front 19

What does Treponema endemicum cause?

Back 19

Bejel similar to syphillis but in children from poor conditions of hygiene.

Front 20

What does Treponeum carateum cause?

Back 20

Pinta, an ulcerative, depigmenting skin disease.

Front 21

What are the two major species of Borrelia?
What do they cause?
What do other species not named cause?

Back 21

B. recurrentis and B. burgdorferi.
B. recurrentis causes epidemic louse-borne relapsing fever causing high fever, shaking, chills, bone and joint ache.
B. burgdoferi causes lyme disease which is due to tic bite causin arthritis, meningitis and cranial nerve palsy.
-Endemic tick-borne relapse fever with similar manifestation as B. recurrentis

Front 22

What is the main species of Leptospira?
How do humans contract it?
What does it cause and what are its features?
What is the more severe form of its disease?

Back 22

-L. interrogans
-Contact with infected animal tissue, urine or soil, mud or water containing urine.
-Leptospirosis: intial phase- abrupt onset of fever, headache, malaise and muscle pain, second phase- low grade fever, uveitis, aseptic meningitis, rash.
Weil's disease, two stages merge with jaundice and hepatitis.

Front 23

What is the species of Spirrilum and what does it cause?

Back 23

Sprillium minor cause rat bite fever.