Bacteria (Gram Positive And Acid Fast)

Front 1

Bacillus anthracis

Back 1

anthrax (cutaneous black lesions, pulmonary, GI), gram + rod and coccus, endospore-forming, mostly aerobic but can also be facultative anaerobe

Front 2

Bacillus cereus

Back 2

food poisoning (vomiting, diarrhea), gram + rod, spore-forming, aerobic, found in grains, usually rice, spores survive cooking and then germinate when rice is held at warm temperature

Front 3

Clostridium botulinum

Back 3

food poisoning (flaccid but potentially painful paralysis), gram + square rod, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe, fairly common in soil and water, associated with canned foods, improper food preparation, unpasteurized honey. neurotoxin causing paralysis is destroyed by high heat

Front 4

Clostridium difficile

Back 4

bloody diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis, gram + rod, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe, two large-mw exotoxins, A and B

Front 5

Clostridium perfringens

Back 5

gas gangrene, food poisoning, gram + rod, spore-forming, facultative anaerobe, prevalent in soil, sewage (waste)

Front 6

Clostridium tetani

Back 6

tetanus (lockjaw—spastic paralysis), gram + rod (swollen "drumstick" ends), spore forming, obligate anaerobe, spores found in soil, puncture wound (or packing of umbilical stumps with mud in developing world) introduces spores deep into tissue

Front 7

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Back 7

diphtheria (bull neck, pseudomembranous pharyngitis, myocarditis, sometimes respiratory obstructions), skin infections, gram + rod (club-shaped, "Chinese characters" appearance), non-spore-forming, aerobic, AB toxin

Front 8

Enterococcus faecalis

Back 8

UTI, abdominal or pelvic wound infection, bacteremia, gram + cocci, facultative anaerobe, catalase-negative, γ-hemolytic, found throughout environment and in gut

Front 9

Listeria monocytogenes

Back 9

food-borne gastroenteritis, bacteremia in pregnant and immunocompromised, infant meningitis two weeks after birth, gram + rod, non-spore-forming, facultative aerobe, motile, acid-tolerant, psychrotolerant, salt-tolerant, found in environment and associated with unpasteurized milk

Front 10

Staphylococcus aureus

Back 10

skin infection (boils, impetigo), deep infection (wound infection, bacteremia, osteomyelitis, necrotizing pneumonia), toxic shock, scalded skin, food poisoning. gram + cocci, catalase-positive, coagulase-positive, β-hemolytic, found in anterior nares of ~30% of healthy individuals

Front 11

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Back 11

colonization of artificial devices (catheters, joints, valves), gram + cocci in clusters, catalase-positive, coagulase-negative, infection occurs due to skin compromise and is usually hospital-acquired

Front 12

Streptococcus agalactiae

Back 12

neonatal meningitis, maternal infection during childbirth. gram + cocci in chains. aerobic, β-hemolytic, Lancefield group B. part of normal flora of vagina

Front 13

Streptococcus mutans

Back 13

dental caries, endocarditis in individuals with damaged heart valves, gram + cocci in chains, α-hemolytic, normal flora of oral cavity, glycocalyx aid in adhering to teeth

Front 14

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Back 14

gram + diplococci, pneumonia, meningitis, α-hemolytic, aerosolized spread

Front 15

Streptococcus pyogenes

Back 15

pharyngitis, skin infections (impetigo, erysipelas), necrotizing fasciitis, scarlet fever, toxic shock-like syndrome, rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis, gram + cocci in chains, facultative anaerobe, β-hemolytic, Lancefield group A, spread by aerosol or fomites

Front 16

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Back 16

tuberculosis, acid-fast, strict aerobe, intracellular, transmitted by aerosols

Front 17

Mycobacterium leprae

Back 17

leprosy, acid-fast, strict aerobe, obligate intracellular, armadillo is reservoir of disease, spread via aerosol droplets, direct contact, or insects, cannot be cultured in vitro

Front 18

Bacillus anthracis

Back 18

anthrax (cutaneous black lesions, pulmonary, GI); gram + rod and coccus, endospore-forming, mostly aerobic but can also be facultative anaerobe

Front 19

Bacillus cereus

Back 19

food poisoning (vomiting, diarrhea); gram + rod, spore-forming, aerobic; found in grains, usually rice, spores survive cooking and then germinate when rice is held at warm temperature

Front 20

Clostridium botulinum

Back 20

food poisoning (flaccid but potentially painful paralysis); gram + square rod, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe; fairly common in soil and water, associated with canned foods, improper food preparation, unpasteurized honey; neurotoxin causing paralysis is destroyed by high heat

Front 21

Clostridium difficile

Back 21

bloody diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis; gram + rod, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe; two large-mw exotoxins, A and B

Front 22

Clostridium perfringens

Back 22

gas gangrene, food poisoning; gram + rod, spore-forming, facultative anaerobe; prevalent in soil, sewage (waste)

Front 23

Clostridium tetani

Back 23

tetanus (lockjaw—spastic paralysis); gram + rod (swollen "drumstick" ends), spore forming, obligate anaerobe; spores found in soil, puncture wound (or packing of umbilical stumps with mud in developing world) introduces spores deep into tissue

Front 24

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Back 24

diphtheria (bull neck, pseudomembranous pharyngitis, myocarditis, sometimes respiratory obstructions), skin infections; gram + rod (club-shaped, "Chinese characters" appearance), non-spore-forming, aerobic; AB toxin

Front 25

Enterococcus faecalis

Back 25

UTI, abdominal or pelvic wound infection, bacteremia; gram + cocci, facultative anaerobe, catalase-negative, γ-hemolytic; found throughout environment and in gut

Front 26

Listeria monocytogenes

Back 26

food-borne gastroenteritis, bacteremia in pregnant and immunocompromised, infant meningitis two weeks after birth; gram + rod, non-spore-forming, facultative aerobe, motile; acid-tolerant, psychrotolerant, salt-tolerant; found in environment and associated with unpasteurized milk

Front 27

Staphylococcus aureus

Back 27

skin infection (boils, impetigo), deep infection (wound infection, bacteremia, osteomyelitis, necrotizing pneumonia), toxic shock, scalded skin, food poisoning; gram + cocci, catalase-positive, coagulase-positive, β-hemolytic; found in anterior nares of ~30% of healthy individuals

Front 28

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Back 28

colonization of artificial devices (catheters, joints, valves); gram + cocci in clusters, catalase-positive, coagulase-negative; infection occurs due to skin compromise and is usually hospital-acquired

Front 29

Streptococcus agalactiae

Back 29

neonatal meningitis, maternal infection during childbirth; gram + cocci in chains, aerobic, β-hemolytic, Lancefield group B; part of normal flora of vagina

Front 30

Streptococcus mutans

Back 30

dental caries, endocarditis in individuals with damaged heart valves; gram + cocci in chains, α-hemolytic; normal flora of oral cavity, glycocalyx aid in adhering to teeth

Front 31

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Back 31

pneumonia, meningitis; gram + diplococci, α-hemolytic; aerosolized spread

Front 32

Streptococcus pyogenes

Back 32

pharyngitis, skin infections (impetigo, erysipelas), necrotizing fasciitis, scarlet fever, toxic shock-like syndrome, rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis; gram + cocci in chains, facultative anaerobe, β-hemolytic, Lancefield group A; spread by aerosol or fomites

Front 33

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Back 33

tuberculosis; acid-fast, strict aerobe, intracellular; transmitted by aerosols

Front 34

Mycobacterium leprae

Back 34

leprosy; acid-fast, strict aerobe, obligate intracellular; armadillo is reservoir of disease, spread via aerosol droplets, direct contact, or insects, cannot be cultured in vitro