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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the four unrelated groups of Gram negative rods?
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The Family Enterobacteriaceae
The nonfermentative Gram negative rods The Genus Haemophilus The Genus Legionella |
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What are the 3 common biochemical characteristics of the Enterobacteriaceae family?
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1. Metoblise glucose fermentively
2. Negative for the oxidase test-P. aeruginosa is positive 3.Oxidise nitrate to nitrite. |
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What are the tribes (and the important genera in these tribes) of the Enterobacteriaceae family?
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Tribe I: Escherichieae-Genus Escherichia, Genus Shigella
Tribe 2: Edwardsielleae-Genus Edwardsiella Tribe 3: Salmonelleae-Genus Salmonella Tribe 4:Citrobactereae-Genus Citrobacter Tribe 5:Klebsielleae-Genus Klebsiella, Genuse Hafnia, Genus Serratia, Genus Enterobacter Tribe 6: Proteae-Genus Proteus, Genuse Providencia, Genus Morganella Tribe 7: Yrinseae-Genus Yrsinia |
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Genus Escherichia
-main species -diseases -commensal of -virulence factors and what these cause |
-Escherichia coli
-Most common cause of UTIs, also causes diarrohea -commensal of bowel -PHATI toxins cause diarrohea: Enteropathogenic Enterohaemorrhagic Enteroaggregative Enterotoxigenic Enteroinvasive |
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Genus Shigella
-main species -diseases |
-Shigella sonnei, Shigella boydii, Shigella flexneri, Shigella dysenteriae
-Bacterial dysentry:severe bloody, pussy diarrhoea |
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Genus Salmonella
-main species -serotypes -diseases |
-Salmonella choleraesius (enteritidis)
-Typhoid serotypes:typhi and paratyphi (types A,B,C) Nontyphoid serotypes -Typhi: Typhoid fever by invasion of bacterium through small intestine and dissemination through b/s and to organs Paratyphi A,B,C: Paratyphoid fever, clinically indistinguishable Non-typhoidal serotypes: Commensal of animals, infect food and cause self-limiting diarrohea |
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Genus Citrobacter
-main species -diseases |
-Citrobacter freundii, Citrobacter diversus
-UTI, pneumonia, neonatal pneumonia (nosocomial setting) |
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Genus Klebsiella
-main species |
-Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella ozaenae, Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis, Klebisella granulomatis
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What are the main diseases caused by the Genus Klebsiella?
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K. pneumonia: community acquired lobar pneumonia in debilitated patiens i.e alcoholics, diabetes, COAD. Rapid onset, necrotising, red-currant jelly sputum
K. granulomatis: granulomatous disease affecting genitalia and inguinal area; penile ulcer that mimics chancr of syphillis K. rhinoscleromatis: chronic granulomatous infection of upper airway (nose, sinus) K. oxytoca & ozaenae (and some pneumoniae strains):Nosocomial UTI, wound infections, respiratory infections. Typically resistant to multiple antibiotics |
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Genus Enterobacter
-main species -diseases |
-Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter cloacae
-Hospital acquired infections in neonates and immunocompromised patients; UTIs, respiratory and surigcal wound infections |
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Genus Serratia
-main species -diseases |
-Serratia liqufaciens, Serratia marcescens
-Nosocomial infections in debilitated patients: respiratory and surgical wound infections, UTIs |
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Genus Proteus
-species -diseases |
-Proteus mirabilias, Proteus vulgaris
-Mirabilis is the 2nd most common cause of UTIs, may also cause nosocomial wound infections, pneumonia and speticaemia in debilitate patients. Vulgaris is also a cause of these nosocomial infections and is more common in this setting. |
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Genus Morganella
-species -diseases |
-Morganella morganii
-Hospital acquired infections in neonates and immunocompromised patients |
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Genus Providencia
-species -diseases |
-Providencia stuartii, Providencia rettgeri
-UTI or other infections usually in debilitated, hospitalised patients |
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Genus Yersinia
-species -diseases |
-Yrsinia pestis, Yrsinia enterocolitica
-Yersinia pestis found on rats and transmitted to humans via fleas causing plague Yersinia enterocolitica from contaminated food causing abdmonial pain and diarrohea usually in children |
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What are the four main genuses of Non Fermentative Gram Negative Rods?
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Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Burkholderia and Acinetobacter.
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Genus Pseudomonas
-species -setting -diseases |
-aeruginosa
-Hopsital setting -UTI particularly when indwelling catheter; otitis externa, colonisation of chronic skin ulcers (particularly lower leg), colonisaation of infections and burns, lower respiratory tract infects in CF or debilittated, mechanically ventilated, septicaemia. |
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Genus Stenotrophomonas
-species -diseases |
-maltophilia
-lower respiratory tract infections and septicaemia in debilitated |
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Genus Burkeholderia
-species -diseases |
-pseudomallei
-Tropical infection meliodosis found in soil and infects through abrasions causing pneumonia, soft tissue abscesses and septicaemia. |
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Genus Acinetobacter
-species -colonisers of -diseases |
-lwoffii and baumannii
-human skin and pharynx -pneumonia, IV catheter realted bacteraemia, UTI and baumannii in communtiy acquired pneumonia assoc. with smoking, diabetes, alcohol abuse |
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Genus Haemophilus
-size and shape -species |
-Small gram negative rods
-Influenzae, parainfluenzae, aphrophilus & paraphrophilus, ducreyi, aegyptius |
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Haemophilus influenzae
-what is the capsule of some strains made out of it and its purpose -what is the most important type and its diseases -disease of non typeable |
-Polysaccharide, allows virulence and serotpying
-Haemohpilus influenzae type B; meingitis and septicaemia <18 mths, epiglottitis >18mths, acute phayrngitis, laryngotracheobronchitis -Bronchitis, sinusitis, otitis media |
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Diseases caused by:
-H. parainfluenzae -H. aphrophilus & paraphrophilus -H. ducreyi -H.aeygptius |
-Sinusitis
-Rare causes of infective endocarditis -Chancroid-STI with ulcerative lesions and enlargened lymph nodes -Conjucitivites, purpuris fever (vomiting, fever, rash) |
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H. influenzea & parainfleunzae
-commensals of -agar required |
-Upper respiratory tract
-Chocolate agar (lysed RBC) |
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Legionella
-environment -species |
-Ubiquitous aquatic (man made and natural)
-pneumophilia and longbeache |
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Legionella pneumophilia
-disease -mortality of major disease -acquired |
-Legionnaires disease; nondescript febrile illness to severe penumonic illness with multisystem involvement, pontiac fever-non-fatal flu like illness
-20% -inhalation of aerosol |
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Legionella longbeache
-disease -acquired |
-Severe penumonia
-Found in potting mix |
