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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Microflora |
-bacteria that exist on and in our bodies |
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Unicellular |
-single celled organisms -also called prokaryotes -lack membrane bound organelles |
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Prokaryote/Prokaryotic |
-unicellular organism that lack membrane organelles -2 domains: archaea and bacteria |
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Capsule |
-gel like coating on the outside of the cell -helps attach to their environment -protection from being eaten by other microbes |
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Flagella |
-external structure -helps bacteria move to look for nutrients
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Cell Wall |
-no cellulose unlike plant cell walls -made up of peptidoglycan -helps keep the shape of the cell and protects the cell from bursting |
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Cell Wall- Gram Positive |
- contains a thick layer of peptidoglycan outside of the cell membrane |
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Cell Wall- Gram Negative |
-contains a thin layer of peptidoglycan between 2 membranes |
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Peptidoglycan |
-makes up the cell wall of animals -a matrix of sugar cross, linked with amino acids |
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Cell Membrane |
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Ribosome |
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Nucleiod |
-a region that contains the single and circular chromosome - no membrane around it |
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Endospore |
- highly resistance resting structures produced within bacteria - resistant to heat, radiation, chemicals and desiccation |
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Coccus |
- round shaped bacteria |
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Bacillus |
-rod shaped bacteria |
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Spirillum |
-spiral shaped bacteria |
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Staphylo- |
-bacteria that grows in in grapes/clusters |
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Strepto- |
-bacteria that grows in chains |
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Diplo- |
-bacteria that grows in pairs |
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Aerobic |
-bacteria that use oxygen on respiration which produce energy |
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Facultative Anaerobic |
- bacteria that can producee energy, with or without oxygen |
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Obligate Anaerobic |
- bacteria that can only produce their energy in an oxygen free environment |
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Autotrophic |
- bacteria that obtain energy from inorganic sources -two types: photosynthetic and chemoautotrophic |
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Heterotrophic |
-obtain energy from organic sources, called decomposers -break down and decompose organic molecules -2 types: saprobes and parasites |
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Photosynthetic |
- bacteria that contain chlorophyll in the cell membrane -these are the blue green to cyanobacteria |
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Chemoautotrophic |
- bacteria where energy comes from inorganic molecules such as nitrogen, sulfur, hydrogen and iron compounds |
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Saprobe |
-heterotrophic bacteria that fedd on dead plants and animal matters -gives soil its characteristics smell |
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Parasite |
-heterotrophic bacteria that live on or in living organisms -may cause disease |
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Binary Fusion |
- a form of asexual reproduction where a parent cell divides into 2 identical cells -the single chromosome and any plasmids will duplicate prior to cell division |
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Transformation |
- sex reproduction where living cells take up DNA from their environment |
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Transduction |
- viruses that infect bacteria are responsible for gene transfer |
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Conjugation |
- the direct transfer of DNA from bacterial cell to another through a special connecting tube -one way transfer of DNA |
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Capsid |
-present in all viruses -a coat made of protein that encloses the central core |
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Core |
-made up of either RNA and DNA |
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Virulence |
-the ability of something to infect a host |
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Bacteriophague |
-viruses that infect bacteria -all are virulent and multiply within a host cell |
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Provirus/Prophague |
-virus/phage DNA that has been integrated into the host cell's chromosomes -dormant virus -can become active and cause symptoms |
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Taxonomy |
- the assignment of a specific scientific name to an organism |
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Phylum |
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Order |
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Class |
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Genus |
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Species |
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Domain |
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Kingdom |
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Family |
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Clades |
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