Bacteria And Viruses

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Prokaryotes

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The smallest and most common microorganisms . They are single celled and lacks a nucleus.

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Prokaryotes are identified by:

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• their shapes,
• the chemical natures of their cell walls,
• the ways they move, and
• the ways they obtain energy. (this is how they are identified) They are smaller than most eukaryotic cells

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There are two groups:
Eubacteria and Archaebacteria.
They are separate in kingdom.

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Eubacteria Kingdom – great variety of organisms. They live almost everywhere. Some live in soil and some cause disease. (like E-coli) lives in human intestines. It is surrounded by a cell wall that that protects the cell from injury and determines its shape. These cell walls contain peptidoglycan, a carbohydrate. (some have second outer membrane)

Archaebacteria Kingdom – Small, lack nuclei and have cell walls. Archaebacteria lack peptidoglycan, a carbohydrate found in the cell walls of eubacteria, and their membrane lipidss are quite different. Also, the DNA sequences of key archaebacterial genes are more like those of eukaryotes than eubacteria

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Bacillus

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rods (bluish)

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Coccus

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sphere (circles) (can arrange themselves in long chains to form diseases bacteria like streptococcus and phenumoccocus)

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Spirillum

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spirals

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Flagella

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pakaryotes can be propelled by flagella (flagellum singular) – whip like structures used for movement.