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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Streptococci are what kind of bacteria
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Gram positive cocci in pairs or chains
-Catalase negative -Facultative anaerobes -Capnophilic - like CO2 |
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Describe alpha hemolysis
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Partial hemolysis, green color
-S. pneumoniae |
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Beta hemolysis
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Complete hemolysis, clear
-S.pyogenes |
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Gamma hemolysis
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No hemolysis
-Enterococcus |
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S. pyogenes is group _
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A
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S. agalactiae is group _
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B
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Group D strep is _
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E. faecalis
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Strep pyogenes - group and hemolysis
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A, beta hemolysis
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Strep pyogenes is associated with what diseases _
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-Pharyngitis - strep throat
-Skin infections |
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Strep. pyogenes infection can be treated with
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Penicillin
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Strep pyogenes is transmitted through
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-Droplets
-Contact |
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Strep pyogenes is normally present at _
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Upper respiratory tract, skin
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Virulence factors for strep.pyogenes
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-Adhesins
-Pyrogenic exotoxins - spe's -superantigens |
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Describe M protein
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-Virulence factor for strep. pyogenes, w/out it bacteria is avirulent
-looks like pili -major antiphagocytotic component -can bind to fibrinogen or Fc portion of IgG and make it seem like part of the host -can also bind complement factor H to prevent destruction by complement |
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Describe SPE's
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-Strep pyrogeic exotoxins
-A, B, C, F -mediate pyrogenicity -responsible for toxic shock like syndrome -responsible for rash in scarlet fever |
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2 main signs of scarlet fever
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-Sandpaper rash
-Strawberry tongue |
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Streptokinase
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-Turns plasminogen into plasmin
-Plasmin dissolves clots -Contributes to ability to spread -Used as clot buster |
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Diseases associated with S. pyogenes
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Pharyngitis - scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis
Impetigo Cellulitis Necrotizing fasciitis Erysipelas |
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Rheumatic fever
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Follows pharyngitis
Inflammation of the heart, heart valves are damaged by Ab's |
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Acute glomerulonephritis
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-Follows pharyngitis or skin infection
-Usually in children -Antibodies deposited in kidneys |
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How do you diagnose strep. pyogenes in lab
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-Beta hemolytic
-Bacitracin sensitive |
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Strep. agalacticae group and hemolysis
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Group B, beta hemolysis (but some are non hemolytic)
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Strep. agalactiae is normally present where
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Vagina of some women
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Virulence factors for strep. agalactiae
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-Capsule
-C5a peptidase |
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Groups at risl for strep. agalactiae
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-neonatal meningitis
-post partum sepsis -diabetic - lower limb infections |
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Strep. agalactiae can be treated with _
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Penicillin
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How do you transmit strep. agalactiae
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-Birth canal
-Contact spread in nursery |
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Most common cause of pneumonia
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
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Streptococcus pneumniae has what shape
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diplococci ( in pairs)
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Streptococcus pneumoniae - group and hemolysis
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Alpha hemolysis
-No group |
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Virulence factor for streptococcus pneumoniae
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CAPSULE - ESSENTIAL
Also adhesins, IgA protease, pneumolysin (makes pores in cell membrane) |
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Importance of pneumolysis
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-Makes holes in membrane
-Triggers immune reaction and inflammatory response -Binds Fc portion of Ab |
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Strep. pneumoniae is normally present in
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Respiratory tract
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Transmission of strep. pneumoniae
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Droplets, often preceded by viral infection that damages ciliated respiratory cells
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Pathogenesis of strep pneumonia
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-Rapid onset
-Chills and fever -RUSTY SPUTUM (bloody) -Many PMN's |
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Other clinical diseases associated with S. pneumoniae
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-Meningitis
-Bacteremia -Otitis media -Sinusitis |
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How do you diagnose strep pneumoniae in the lab
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-Alpha hemolytic
-Optochin sensitive -Bile soluble -Quellung reaction - swelling reaction |
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Viridans streptococci hemolysis
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Alpha hemolysis
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Virulence factor for streptococcus pneumoniae
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CAPSULE - ESSENTIAL
Also adhesins, IgA protease, pneumolysin (makes pores in cell membrane) |
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Viridans strep is normally present_
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In GI, genitourinary tract, respiratory tract (rare on skin)
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Virulence factor for streptococcus pneumoniae
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CAPSULE - ESSENTIAL
Also adhesins, IgA protease, pneumolysin (makes pores in cell membrane) |
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Importance of pneumolysis
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-Makes holes in membrane
-Triggers immune reaction and inflammatory response -Binds Fc portion of Ab |
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S. viridans causes what?
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-Cavities
-Subacute bacterial endocarditis -Intra abdominal infections |
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Strep. pneumoniae is normally present in
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Respiratory tract
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Importance of pneumolysis
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-Makes holes in membrane
-Triggers immune reaction and inflammatory response -Binds Fc portion of Ab |
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Transmission of strep. pneumoniae
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Droplets, often preceded by viral infection that damages ciliated respiratory cells
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Enterococcus group and hemolysis
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Group D, hemolysis can be alpha, beta and gamma
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Pathogenesis of strep pneumonia
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-Rapid onset
-Chills and fever -RUSTY SPUTUM (bloody) -Many PMN's |
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Strep. pneumoniae is normally present in
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Respiratory tract
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Enterococcus diseases
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UTI (catalase negative if catalase positive - staph)
Endocarditis Septicemia after abdominal surgery |
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Other clinical diseases associated with S. pneumoniae
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-Meningitis
-Bacteremia -Otitis media -Sinusitis |
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Enterococcus can be resistant to _
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Vancomycin
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Transmission of strep. pneumoniae
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Droplets, often preceded by viral infection that damages ciliated respiratory cells
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How do you diagnose strep pneumoniae in the lab
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-Alpha hemolytic
-Optochin sensitive -Bile soluble -Quellung reaction - swelling reaction |
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Pathogenesis of strep pneumonia
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-Rapid onset
-Chills and fever -RUSTY SPUTUM (bloody) -Many PMN's |
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Viridans streptococci hemolysis
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Alpha hemolysis
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Other clinical diseases associated with S. pneumoniae
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-Meningitis
-Bacteremia -Otitis media -Sinusitis |
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Viridans strep is normally present_
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In GI, genitourinary tract, respiratory tract (rare on skin)
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How do you diagnose strep pneumoniae in the lab
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-Alpha hemolytic
-Optochin sensitive -Bile soluble -Quellung reaction - swelling reaction |
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Viridans streptococci hemolysis
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Alpha hemolysis
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S. viridans causes what?
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-Cavities
-Subacute bacterial endocarditis -Intra abdominal infections |
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Enterococcus group and hemolysis
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Group D, hemolysis can be alpha, beta and gamma
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Viridans strep is normally present_
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In GI, genitourinary tract, respiratory tract (rare on skin)
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Enterococcus diseases
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UTI (catalase negative if catalase positive - staph)
Endocarditis Septicemia after abdominal surgery |
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S. viridans causes what?
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-Cavities
-Subacute bacterial endocarditis -Intra abdominal infections |
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Enterococcus group and hemolysis
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Group D, hemolysis can be alpha, beta and gamma
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Enterococcus can be resistant to _
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Vancomycin
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Enterococcus diseases
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UTI (catalase negative if catalase positive - staph)
Endocarditis Septicemia after abdominal surgery |
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Enterococcus can be resistant to _
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Vancomycin
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Virulence factor for streptococcus pneumoniae
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CAPSULE - ESSENTIAL
Also adhesins, IgA protease, pneumolysin (makes pores in cell membrane) |
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Importance of pneumolysis
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-Makes holes in membrane
-Triggers immune reaction and inflammatory response -Binds Fc portion of Ab |
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Strep. pneumoniae is normally present in
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Respiratory tract
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Transmission of strep. pneumoniae
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Droplets, often preceded by viral infection that damages ciliated respiratory cells
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Pathogenesis of strep pneumonia
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-Rapid onset
-Chills and fever -RUSTY SPUTUM (bloody) -Many PMN's |
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Other clinical diseases associated with S. pneumoniae
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-Meningitis
-Bacteremia -Otitis media -Sinusitis |
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How do you diagnose strep pneumoniae in the lab
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-Alpha hemolytic
-Optochin sensitive -Bile soluble -Quellung reaction - swelling reaction |
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Viridans streptococci hemolysis
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Alpha hemolysis
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Viridans strep is normally present_
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In GI, genitourinary tract, respiratory tract (rare on skin)
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S. viridans causes what?
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-Cavities
-Subacute bacterial endocarditis -Intra abdominal infections |
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Enterococcus group and hemolysis
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Group D, hemolysis can be alpha, beta and gamma
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Enterococcus diseases
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UTI (catalase negative if catalase positive - staph)
Endocarditis Septicemia after abdominal surgery |
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Enterococcus can be resistant to _
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Vancomycin
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Name gram negative enteric rods
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Shigella
E.coli Salmonella enterica Klebsiella pneumonia Proteus mirabilis Yersinia pestis |
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Spread of gram negative rods
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-Through humans - salmonella enterica subtype typhi
-Through animals - salmonella, yersinia -Endogenous - E.coli |
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Media for gram negative rods
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MacConkey agar - selects for gram negative rods (lactose fermenting) - pink
Eosin Methylene blue |
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Leading cause of gram negative sepsis
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E.coli
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ETEC
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Traveler's diarrhea
-Acquired from contaminated food and water -Diarrhea develops after 1-2 days of incubation and can last for 3-4 days -Symptoms - cramps, nausea, vomitting, WATERY DIARRHEA -There are no histological changes in intestinal mucosa since there is no penetration |
