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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell wall
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peptidoglycan
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external projections
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1.flagella
2. pili 3. capsule 4. LPS |
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Cocci
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sphere
neisseria gonorrhoeae streptococcus pyogenes staphylococcus aureas |
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Strepto
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chain
streptococci streptobailli |
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staphylo
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grape-like
staphylococci |
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diplo
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pair- diplococci
gonococci in male (gonorrhea) pneumococci in sputum |
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bacilli
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rods
e.coli salmonella enteriditis klebsiella pneumoniae |
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spirals
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coiled
treponema pallidum (syphilis) borrelia burgdorferi (lyme) |
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vibrios
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curved rod
vibrio cholerae (cholera) |
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endospore
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spore forming
clostridium perfringens/tetani Bacillus anthraci (anthrax) |
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Flagellae
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movement
Antigenic- flagellar antigen-H antigen used to type bacteria |
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Fimbriae/pili
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adhesion to surface
E.coli in intenstine n.gonorrhoeae in urethra (sex pili in DNA transfer) |
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capsules
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adhesion to surface
resist drying antiphagocytic antigenic/immunogenic- induces immune response vaccines with/capsular polysaccharide |
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3 major virulence factors in bacterial meningitis
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1. streptococcus pneumoniae
2. neisseria menegitidis 3. haemophilus influenzae |
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Mycolic acid
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against drying
for airborne activity long FA, waxy ACID FAST:myobacteria & nocardia Acid fast bacilli=AFB |
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Cell wall
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agst osmotic shock
target for beta-lactam antibiotics, penicillin, cephalosporins that inhibit cross-linking of cell wall peptidoglycan GRAM+=thick 3D net GRAM-=2d web btwn inner plasma memb&outer lipid bilayer |
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Gram stain
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+=purple/blue
-=pink,red |
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Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
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ENDOTOXIN
only in GRAM NEG O antigen+Core+Lipid A Oantigen for serotype diff Lipid A-toxic |
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Lipid A
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in outer lipid bilayer-PYROGENIC:causes fever, stimulates TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR (TNF)
shock, organ failure,etc |
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Plasma membrane
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Gram+=1lipid bilayer
Gram-+2 lipid bilayer |
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bacterial ribosomes
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Site of antibacterial antibodies that inhibit protein synthesis:
1.Aminoglycosides:streptomycin, gentamycin, netilmicin, amikasin 2. Tetracyclines: minocycline, doxycycline 3. Macrolides: Erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin |
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Endospores
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GRAM POSITIVE
BACILLUS CLOSTRIDIA |
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Nucleoid/chromosome
(4 antibiotics) |
Target for antibacterial antibiotic:
1.QUINOLONES:inhibit DNA gyrase: Cipro/norfloxacin, 2.Rifampin/Rifabutin:inhibit RNA PoL-blocks DNA synthesis 3.METRONIDAZOLE: breaks DNA 4.SULFANOMIDES,trumethpim,dapsone-competitive inhibitors of bacterial folate synthesis |
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4 BACTERIAL TOXINS
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1.Botulinum=botox (less ACh-paralysis)heat sensitive
2.Cholera (AC increases cAMP-diarrhea) 3. Heat-labile enterotoxin (e.coli)(AC increases cAMP-diarrhea) 4. Staphylococcal enterotoxin (staph.aureus)-Interleukin1, peristalsis, vomititing- resistant to heat |
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GRAM + COCCI
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1.family:micrococcaceae
genus:staphylococcus s.aureus s.epidermidis s.saprophyticus Family:Streptococcus s.pyrogenes s.pneumoniae s. agalactiae |
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GRAM - COCCI
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Family:neisseia
n. meningitides n. gonorrhoeae |
