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174 Cards in this Set
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colymmatabacterium granulomatis
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STD, gram- boccobaccillus, granuloma inguinale; organism phagocyzied by macs (donovan bodies); creeping, raised sore tha theals by scarring, no LAD; tx: doxycylcine or TMP-SMX
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candida albicans
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yeas and pseudohyphae (elongated yeasts); part of normal vaginal flora; 2nd MC vaginitis in the US; risk: DM, Ab, pregnancy, OCP
pruritic vaginitis with white discharge and fiery red mucosa; tx: fluconazole (single dose) curdish discharge; DIABER RASH; 2nd most intense inflammatiory rxn (first is TV) |
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chlamydia trachomatis
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STD; often coexits w/ Neisseria gonorrhaea (45%); incubation period 7-12 days (2 wks) after exposure; red inclusions (reticulate bodies) in infected METAPLASTIC SQUAMOUS CELLS-->divide in phagosomes to form ELEMENARY BODIES (infective bodies) producing infection
elementary bodies have lots of little dots - no protectiv eAb so get over and over; it does not dissemintate; pus is thinner thin GC infections in male: NSU non specific urethritis) sterile pyuria; epididymitis; procitits infections in females: urethritis (sterile pyruia); cervicitis, PID, perihepatitis (FHC syndorme--scar tissue b/n peritoneum and surface of liver form pus form PID), procitis, bartholin gland abscess infections in newborns; conjuctivits (opthalmia neonatorum), poss blindness, pneumonies; use eye drops DNA probe test for quick diagnosis, NOT gram stain; PCR tx: azithromycin 1g (single dose); doxycycline |
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C trachomatic subspecies
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STD; lymphogranuloma venereum; papules w/ no ulceration; inguinal lymphadenitis w/ granulomatous microabscesses and draining sinuses
lymphedema of scrotum or vulva; women also may develop recta strictures tx: doxycycline; severe inflammation scarring localized LAD; vulvlar lymphedema |
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gardnerella vaginalis
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gram - rode that causes bacterial vaginosis; MC vaginitis; malodorous vaginal discharge; vaginal pH>4.5
organism adhere to squamous cells producing "clue cells" sandy look -inc incidenc eof preterm delivery and low-birth weight newborns tx: metronidazole; same tx in pregnancy normal flora pH<4.5 keeps in check; douching eliminates Lactobacilli (synthesizes LA); KOH-fishy bacteria; NOT AN STD |
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haemophilius ducreyi
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STD; gram- rod that cuases chancroid; male dominant disease 10:1 high incidence of HIV
incubation 4-7 days painful genital and perianal ulcers an dsuppurative inguinal nodes (looks same as symphilis) |
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HSV-2
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STD; bacteria virus remains latent in sensory ganglia all your life; recurrent vesicles tha tulcerate; locations--penis, vulva, cervix, perianal area; very painful no systemic signs
-tzanck preg; scrapings removed formt eh base of an ulcer; see multinucleated squamous clels w/ eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions; pregnancy, if virus is shedding, baby is delivered by cesarean sections tx: acyclovir (decreases recurrences) varicella zoter-txank also; herpes genitalis is system--LAD, fever, vesicles |
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HPV
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STD, type 6/11 90% low risk types; assoc w/ condyloma acuminata ferm like (venereal warts); fernlike or flat lesions in genital area (penic, vulva, cervix, perianal); vs condyloma latum FLAT
- MC overal STD, 80% of sexually active women will ahve acquired HPV by age 50 types 16/18 (high risk) assoc w/ dysplasia and squamous cancer-->vaccine viurs produces koilocytic change in squamous epithelium ; cells have wrinkled pyknotic nuclei surrounded by clear halo (koilocytosis) approx 90% spontaneously clear w/in 2 yrs (most within 8 months) older women will more often have persistent disease vaccin edec risk for developing cervical cancer tx: topical podophyllin; a-IFN injeciton; imiuimod cream |
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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STD; gram- diplococcus that infects glandular or transitional epithelium; symptoms appear 2-7 days after sexual exposure (1WEEK);
infeciton sites similar to C. trachomatis complicaiton: ectopic pregnancy, male sterility, disseminate gonocccemia (C6-C9) deficinecy risk factor) septic arthritis, FHC syndrome disseminated gonococcemia; septic arthritis (knee), tenosynovitis (hands, feet), pustules (hands, feet); more common is womne than men DNA probe test for quick diagnosis or gram stain tx: ceftriaxone (AX) gonorrhoae is only glucose have endotoxins so can get sepsis (DRIP) thick exudate persist cervix than CT n meningitis- glc + maltose |
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trichomonas vaginalis
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STD; flagellated portozoan w/ jerky motility; no cysts; porduces vaginits, cervitis, urethrist
strawberry-colored cervix and fiery red vaginal mucosa, greenish forthy discharge tx: metronidazole (both partners) not b/c of flagellaent to froth but good way to remember; super inflammation so MUCH PUS; feeze w/ ocld saline; see tumbling w/ warm |
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treponema pallidum
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STD; gram- spirochete that causes syphilis
primary syphilis; solitary painless; indurated chancre; lcoation--penis, labia, mouth; 6-8 weeks disappear 2nd syphilis- 1/3 chance; maculopapular rash on trunk, palms (most infective stage; highest number of bact), soles; genrealized LAD; condylomata lata, which are flat lesions in same area as condylomata acuminata; alopecia tertiary syphilis- 1/3 change- neurosyphilis, aortitis, gumma; absent DTRs congential syphilis- nonspecific screening tests: RPR or VDRL; titers dec after treatment confirmatory treponemal test: FTA-ABS; positive w/ or w/o treatment Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction: intensification of rsh in primary or secondary syphilis may occurs due to porteins release form dead organism after treatment w/ penecillin tx: penicllin is super sn to --congenital syphilis--transplacental infection after 20 wks gestation; saddle deformity- destruct nasal septum; perioral scarring; destruciton sft palate; notched/pegged teeth ---tabes dorsalis--3 degree demyelination posterior columes; wide phased gaits;dec vibratory sensation; absent DTRs; argyll robertson pupil (accomidate don't react to light) not allergic syphilitis aortitis- end arteritis obliterans involves vasa vasorum-->ischemia-->weakens-->aortic anseusms painless b/c its a vasculitis of arteiroles; endarteritis obliterans w/ palsma clels surround inc inflammation rxn so knocks off nerve w/ ischemic ulcer |
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hereditary angioedema
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AD; C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency
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G6PD deficiency
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XR, G6PDH
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sickle cell disease
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AR; sickle Hb; missense
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hereditary spherocytosis
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AD; ankyrin
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duchenne's muscular dystrophy
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XR, dytrophin
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cystic fibrosis
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AR; cystic fibrosis trasmembrane regulator; 3 NT deletion
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familal hypercholestrolemia
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AD, low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL)
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neurofibromatosis
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AD; neurofibromin
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hemophilia A
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XR; factor 8
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fragile X
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XR; trinucleotide repeat disorder; mental retardation, everted ears, long face, large jaw, maccrorchidism
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Lesch-Hyhan syndrome
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XR; HGPRT he's got purine recovery trouble; self mutilitation; mental retardation, hyperuriecemia
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XD
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alports and vit D resistant rickets
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vit D resistant rickets
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defect in renal and gi reabsorption of P; causes osteomalacia
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alport's syndrome
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hereditary GN w/ nerve deafness
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alkaptonuria
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black urine gets into cartilage esp vertebrae and degenerative arthritis; homogentisate oxidase def; inc homogentisate
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galactosemia
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don't drink milk; def in galt; inc galactose 1 p which is toxic to the liver and CNS so you have cirrhosis, mental retardation, hypoglycemia; cataracts (galactiol like sorbitol); decrease in glucose
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hereditary fructose intolerance
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aldolase B deficiency; inc fructose 1 P- toxic substance to liver to cirrhosis; hypoglycemia and hypophosphatemia b/c needed to phosphorlyate frutose; avoid frutose
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homocystinuria
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cystathionine synthase inc homocystein and methionine; mental retardation, vessel thrombosis, lens dislocation, arachnodactyly
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maple syrup urine disease
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branches chain a-ketoacid DH; mental retardation, seizures, feeting problems, sweet-smelling urine; no inc in succinyl coa for DNA?
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enzyme def are all
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AR
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PKU
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phenyalanine hydroxylase; dec in tyrosine; mental retardation, microcephaly, mousy odor, dec pigmentation b/c melanin needs tyrosin; phy is milk and in nutrasweet
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malignant PKU
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dihydropterin reductase; sim to PKU but can't metabolize tryptophan or tyrosine both need BH4; less NTs of serotonin and dopamine; neurologic
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mcardle's disease
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muscle phosphylase; inc glycogen; dec glucose so glycogensis w/ mm fatique no LA; inc w/ exercise
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pompe's disease
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a1,4 glucosidase; inc glycogen; glycogenesis; cardiomegaliy w/ early death
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von gierke's disease
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G6Pase; inc G6P; glycogenosis; enlarged liver and kidneys; hypoglycemia; no response to glucagon; glucose is trapped in cells
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gaucher's disease (adult)
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glucocerebridase is def so fibrillar-appearing macrophages in the liver, spllen an dbone marrow get swollen in HSP
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hurler's syndrome
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iduronidase; inc dermatin and heparan sulfate; mental retardation, coase facial features, short neck, corneal clouding, CAD
XR- hunter's is milder |
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niemann-pick disease
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sphingomyelin; metnal redardation; HPM, foamy macs
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tay-sachs disease
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frame shift add 4 bases w/ stop codon for hexamidase; inc ganglisid3e; mental retardation, mm weakness, cerry-red macula blindness
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cri du chat
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chormosome 5; metnal retardation, cat-like cry VSD
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down's syndrome
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MC nondysjuction but can also be Robersonian (47 vs 46)
risk: inc maternal age, MCC of mental retardation epicanthic folds, flat facial profile, macroglossia, simian crease, ASD and VSD (cusion defect), hirschsprung's disease and duodenal atresia; inc ALL leukemia; alzheimers in 30s; sterility in males |
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edwards syndrome
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chrom 18, mental retardation; clenched hands w/ overlapping fingers, VSD, early death, rocker bottom feet
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patau's syndrome
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trisomy 13; mental retardation; cleft lipd and palate, polydatyly, VSD, cystic kidneys early death
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turner's
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streak gonad w/ dec E/P and inc LH and FSH; folliclular cysts; usually nondysjunciton 45XO w/ no barr body but can have mosaicism
SHORT STATURE, lymphedema, preductal coarctation, bicuspid arotic valve, dysgerminomas, fibrous stoma in ovaries; menopause before menarch primary amenorrhea; normal intelligence, horseshoe kidney, hypothyroidsm, kkdk sign |
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klinefelter's
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XXY; nondisjunction; secondary sex at puberty, persistent gynecomastia, soft skin, female hair distribuiton; delayed sexual matruation hypogondad w/ testicular atrophy; FIBROSIS OF SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES absense of spermatogenesis w/ leydig cell hyperplasa
long legs, learning disabilites; dec inhibin so inc FSH; dec testosterone inc estadiol; inc LH 1 Barr body |
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XYY syndrome
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paternal nondisjucntion; aggressive criminals; normal onads
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prader-willi syndrome
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genomic imprinting;
boys, mental retardation, short, hypotoni at birth, obestity, hypogonadism (little budda) microdeletion syndrome |
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angelman syndrome
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genomic imprinting; methylate paternal; maternal is active; happy laugher girls, wide-based grin, mental retardation
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name 2 mitochondrial DNa disorders
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maternal inheritance; Leber's hereditary opic neuropathy; myoclonic epilepsy
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true hermaphrodie karyotype
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46XX
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testicular feminization
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XR; defective androgen Rc; male pseudohermaphrodie; no barr body; yes testes; no prostate or other feminine organs; normal DHT and T but can't work;
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Potter's facies
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oligohydraminos DEFORMATIONS; flat features; underdev of the chest wall and clubfeet
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DM affects fetus
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neural tube defects;heart disease; fetal macrsomia w/ hyperinsulinemia inc mm mass and stores of fat in the adipose
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SLE and fetus
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congenital heart block if mother has anti-Ro antibodies
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hypthyroidism
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cretinism if no iodine in mom
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alchohol and fetus
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mental retardation; microcephal; mc teratogen; VSD, ASD; ADHD, facial-thin lip. flatten groove, small eye oppenings
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cocaine
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microcephaly, low birth weight, renal agensis, congential heart disease
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DES
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vaginal/cervical clear cell carcinoma, mullerian deffects; spont abortions; cervical incompetance; abrutio palcentae
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phenytoid
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nail and distal phalnx hypoplasia, cleft lip, neurblastoma, bleeding (vit K def)
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isotretinoin
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retinoic acid; hearing defect, missing ear lobe, visual impairemnt, facial dysmorphism, mental retardation; DISRUPTS HOX GENE;
tx acne |
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thalidomide
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amelai (absent limbs); phocomelia) seal like limbs) deaf
treated MM |
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tobacco
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IUGR< low birth weigh; SIDS at 4 mos
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valproate
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neural tube defect; ; autism
assoc w/ folate; tx: seizures |
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warfarin
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heparain is DOC; nsal hypoplasa, agenesis corpu calosus, fetal bleeding and death
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CMV for baby
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transplacentla; deaf; IUGR; CNS calcification periverntricular; abnl in urin CULTURE URINE; intranuclear inclusions
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HSVT2 for baby
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IUGR; vesicular lesions or scarring; keratoconuctivity; mcirocephaly; BIRTH CANAL
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rubella for baby
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TRANSPLACENTAL; deaf, PDA, cataract, TP blueberry muffin rash; HM
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syphilis for baby
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TRANSPLACENTAL
IVDA, 20 wks gestation; heaptitis, saddle nose, blindness peg teeth; vdrl and PTH abs |
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toxopalsmosis for baby
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TRANSPLACENTAL; blindness (choriretinitis) deaf (sensorineurla) cns calcificaiton of basal ganglia; IUGR; hydrocephalus; HSM
avoid cat litter and raw meat |
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varicella in baby
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transplacental; limb defects, mental retardation, blidness (chorioretinitis); cataracts, skin scars
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HIV in baby
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thrasplacental, birth canal breast feeding
oral thrush, recurrent bact infection, intracranial calcification; faiure to thrive |
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names the AD disorder
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A-APKD, D-dystrophy myotonic, O-osteogenesis imperfecta, osler's; M-marfan's I-intermittent porphyria, N-neurofibromatosis, A-achondroplasia, N-neonans, T-tuberous sclerosis; vWD, VHL; Hereditary spherocytois, hypercholesteralemia, hyper non polyposis syndrome, huntington's; familila polyposis
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name AR disorders
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A-albinism, B- bethel, C-cystic fibrosis; D- deaf, Emphysema, Freidricks ataxia; Gaucher's, galactosemia; H-hurler's, hemochromatosis, hartnup; sickle cell, wilson's, thalassemia; PKU
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name XR disorders
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Bruton's agammaglob; wiscott's; G6PD, Ocular albinism, Lesch nytane,Duschenee; Hemoglobin A/B, Fabry's fragile X; feminization testicular; hunter's; Chronic grandulomatous disease
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trinucleotide syndromes
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huntington's friedricks myotonic dystorphy fragile x
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lipoma
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trunk neck proximal extremities; MC benign soft tissue tumor; subQ tissue (angiolipoma-thrombosis);
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liposarcoma
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MC adult sarcoma; thigh and retroperitoneum; lipoblasts
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rhabdomyoma
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heart,tongue vagina; benign heart tumor associated w/ tuberous sclerosis
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colles' fracture
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fall on an outstretch hand; radius end flexes w/ or w/o fracure of ulna; sim to smith's fracture; in osteoperosis; dinner fork demormity
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rotator cuff tear
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supraspinatus, subscabularis, infraspinatus, teres minor; pain on abduction
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tennis elbow
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lateral epicondyle w/ extensor mm insertion; pain on gripping
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golfer's elbow
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medial epicondyle w/ flexor mm; pain when flexing hand or supination
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DeQuervain's tenosynovitis
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chronic stenosing tneosynovitis of the first dorsal compartment of the wrist overuse o fthe hands and wrist first dorsal compartment has abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis; excessive friction thickens tendon sheath; pain on ulnar aspect of wrist esp when MOVING THUMB; finkelstein's test- thumb in palm
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erbduccene's
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upper trunk brachial plexus
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baker's cyst
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popliteal cyst in RA spread to gastrox; sim to DVT
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wrist drop
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radial nerve palsy injured in mid sharft
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claw hand
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ulnar n palsy
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axxilary nerve
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fracture of surgical neck fo humerus
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ganglion cyst
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synovial; bulge on dorsum of wrist when flext; W>M; benign
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compartment syndrome
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inc pressure in confisned space; reduces perfusion poss ischemic contractures o fmm; MC on ant and post compartments in leg; forearm mm
5Ps- parethesias, pallow paralysis, pulselessness can have fractures, injuries to vessels, volkmann's ischemic contracture |
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volkmann's ischemic contractures
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compartment syndrome w/ displaced supracondylar fracture; distal humerus of brachial artery and median nerve compression; forearm mm poss contracture; does not affect flexor carpi ulnaris
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carpal tunnel syndrome
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transverse carpal ligament; menian nerve; RA and pregnancy MCC; obesity, overuse
pain, in 1,2,3 1/2 fingers all on radial side; thenar atrophy ape hand pholen's maneuver- flex rist to reproduce findings; tinel's sign light tapping |
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intervertebral disk disease
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degeneration of fibrocartilage/nucleuos pulposis if herniate posteriorly may compress nerve; radicular pain esp when straight less raising
L3-L4--knee jerk loss (femoral nerve 2-4); L4-5 disk---no loss of reflexes just not big toe; L5-S1--loss of ankle reflex (tibial nerve L4-S3) |
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knee joint injuries
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valgus-away from midline, lateral force clipping w/ unhappy triad-- medial meniscus, medial collateral ligament, ACL
varus is opposite |
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scoliosis
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lateral curvature of spine usually right; thoracic right and left cervical; hump of ribs on right
adolescent girls 10-16 |
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osteogensis imperfecta
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brittle bone disease; T1 collagen; at birth; blue sclera AD; poss deafness
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achondropalsia
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AD, FGF gene; dwarfism; short extremities large head; normal hormones; imparied prolif of cartilate at growth plate
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osteopetrosis
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def osteoclasts; to much bone; pathologic fractures; anemia (replaces the BM cavity); CN compression-to hearing and visual loss)
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osteomyelitis
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children and adults; MC sepsis in metaphysis of fibia an dfibula; staph usually; in sickle cell-salmonella; TB-Pott's disease; Pseudomonas foot puncture
neutrophils destroy bone; dead it is sequestra; periosteral bone formation is involucrum to the surface sinus tracts can cause cancer SCC fever bone pain staph-vancomycin w/ ceftazidime; almonella paratyphi-ciprofloxacin |
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osteoporosis
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MC metabolic abnormality of bone; dec bone mass; mc in postmenopausal; acidosis-buffer bone; less density and less tabecular bone; F, w/ vertebrae (loss height) and colles fractures the most w/ males-pelvis and femur most
2 type- hypercortisolism, heparin, met acidois, anorexia, space travel 1-postmenopausal smoking- inhibits osteoblasts; bisphosphonates |
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osteomalacia
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mineralized mone; less density; prob vit d def
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senile osteoporosis
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dec ability of osteoblasts to divide to produce osteoid
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aseptic necrosis of bone
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femur- pertrophanteric no disruption, subscasular- medial circuflex; scaphoid bone; digits-sickle cell dactylitis;
MCC-corticosteroids, alcohol MRI / find it |
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osteochondrosis
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boys 3-10 ossification centers AN fmeoral head
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legg calve perthes disease
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osteocondrosis; boys 3-10 ossification centers AN fmeoral head; pain in knee w/ limp
secondary osteoarthritis |
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osteochondritis dissecans
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AN articular usually compresion trauma; bone separates; 10-50; M=F; uusally knee joint w/ medial femoral condyle detacted cartilate
joint lociking, pain, stiff; can lead to osteoarthritis like legg calf perthes |
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osgood schlatter diseas
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no affect on bone growth; proximal tibia inflammation of patellar tendon; 11-15; diff squatting; knobby knees
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Paget's disease
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osteitis deformans >50 y/o; osteogenic sarcoma is common; osteoclastic phase to osteoplastic; crappy bone is made w/ pathologic fractures common; high output failure poss
bone pain, HA, hearloss if affects skull---inc hat size; inc ALP pelvis>skull>femur |
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fibrous dysplasia
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defect in mesenchyme in osteoblastic diff; monostotic or polyostotic; 10-30 ribs>femur>tibia or craiofacial cherub,; non neoplastic woven bone
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albright's syndrome
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fibrous dysplasia polyostotic; cafe aulaite spots on skil precocious sexual dev; poss fractures; malignant degeneration
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MC primary bone disease 1 and 2
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MM and osteogenic sarcoma
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osteogenic sarcoma
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males 10-25; pagets, retinoblastoma, irradiation
mets to distal femus, prox tibia; MC primary bone cancer malignant ostoeid; sunburst appeance; codman's triangle; mets to lungs |
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ewing's sacoma
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males 10-20; pelvis, femur, rib; onionskin appeance w/ periosteal reaciton; poss fevur and anemia
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ostoechonroma
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males; MC benign tumor
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enchondroma
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F=M; 20-50; medullary; tubular bones of hand and foot
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osteoma
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males facial bones; gardner's polyposis
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giant cell tumor
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FEMALES; reactive multinucleated giant cells; ostoeclasts
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chondrosarcoma
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mets to lungs; malignant bone tumor
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osteoarthritis
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noninflammator; legg calv perthes and osteochondritis dissecans, obesity; 100% >65 y/o; weight bearing; hands gentic; T2 collagen; osteophytes w/ in cALP; suchondral systes; no ankylosis; joint mice; inflammation form bone on bone; DIPs and PIPs
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alkaptonuria
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ochronosis; black urine into bone; vertebral dist; homogentisic acid
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neurpoathic arthrophathy
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charcot's joint; DM, syringomyela, tabes dorasalis
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rhematoid arthritis
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MIP and PIPs joints esp 2,3; inflammatory; RF binds IgG -->IC act C5a to inc cytokines T3HS; HLADR4; inc neutrophils; chronic--inc lymphoctes and plasma cells; pannus prolif to cytokines destroy cartilage to inc fusion of joint-ankylosis; lung disease- caplan's disease and rhematic fever w/ rhematoid nodules; hematologic- ACD and felty's syndrome; carpal tunnel; AA joint compress vertebral A-->stroke; pericarditis; popliteal cysts DVT like; inc serum C3 dec syndovial C3; inc serum ANA; inc ttoal proteins; poolyclonal gammopathy
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sjogrens syndrome
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minor salivary and lacrimal; xerostomia and keratoconjuctivtis sicca; dental caries; +serum ANA, ant-SS Ab Ro (RA) and la; lip biopsy
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juvenile rhematoid arhtritis
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<16; seronetative; MC girls
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still's disease
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juvenile RA infectious disease like w/ fever rsh polyarhtritis gen LAD
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polyarticular JRA
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disabling arthritis seronegative
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pauciarticular JRA
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uveitis; few joints; poss blindness; seronegative
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gout
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primary Lesch Nyhan; podagra; proinflamamtory in C5A; painin big toe; fever tach; TOPHUS- chronic gout leak into soft tissue and joint-multinucleated giant cells; can destroy bone; erosive arthritis; treat underextretors w/ porbenecid
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calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate deosition
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chondrocalcinosis; hemochormatosis, hemosiderosis, pyrophosphae inhibitor; PHPH
OA variant- degenerative arhtritis elderly; mostly knee joint positive bifrindence |
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spondyloarhtris
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seronegative; axial skeleton and linked together by HLA B27; anklyosis spondylitis, reiter's syndrome, psoriasis; enteropahtic
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enteropathic spondyloarhtopathy
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assoc w/ UC, shigellosis; HLA B27; seronegative; first sacroilitis stiff ness to vertebrae bamboo spine w/ kyphosis to lungs COPD to aortitis, iveitis
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reiter's syndrome
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chlamydia; achilies tendon periositis; arthritis
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psoriatic arhtitis
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sausage shaped DIP finger or toe; pencil in cup defomit; extensive nail pitting
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septic arhtritis
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staph; gonorrhoae; women- def in C6-9; septic arhtritis, tenosynovits, dermitits
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lyme disease
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borrelia burgdorferi;spirochete; bullseye to disabling arhtitis and bell's palsy; septic arthritis; dooxycylcine or amoxicillin
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babesiosis
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tic bite; fever HA hemolytic anemia; protozoa
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pasteruella multocida
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animal bite; cellutis, septic arhtrits/tenditis, osteomyelitis
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trichinella spiralis
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nematode; pig ingest to small intesting--hatch eggs and grow there-->hematogenous to sk mm to dystrophic calcificaiton-->periorbital edema, splinter hemoragges, mm pain; enchephalitis, mycaditis; eosinophilia
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group A strep
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necrotizing faciitis w/ exotoxin B; TSS
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ducheen's
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XR; dystorphin deficinecy; Becker's-defective dystrophic;; MC in childhood; degeneration of TYPE 1 AND 2; pseduohypertrophy; 2-5 y/o; mostly pelvic mm; inc CK
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myotonic dystorphy
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audlts; type 1 fibers; face sag; grip mytonia; problem clsing mouth; frontal bald; testicular atrophy; glocse intolerance; inc serum CK
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myathenia gravis
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60s men; 30s women; T2HS; IgG binds to AchRc; ab in thymus; cuases mm weak ptosis; diplopia; dysphagia;
use tensilon test |
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dupuytren's contracture
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palmer facia fibromatosis; assoc w/ alcoholism
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desmoids tumor
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anterior abdominal wall in women; gardner's polyposis syndrome
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osteochondroma
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maels 10-30, metaphysis of distal femur; outgrowh of bone exostosis; capped by benign cartilate; MC benign tuor
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echondroma
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equal dist M=F; 20-50; medullary; small tubular bones hands and ffeet; risk for chondrosarcoma
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osteoma
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males; any age; facial bones; gardner's polyposis syndrome
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osteoid osteoma
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males 10-20 cortex of proximal femur; radiolucent focus w/ sclerotic bone; nocturnal pain
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ginat cell tumor
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females; epiphysis of distal feus or prox tibia; reactiv emultinucleated giant cells resemble osteoclasts; neoplastic mnonuclear cells
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osteoblastoma
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vertebra; males;
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chondrosarcoma
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males 30-60; pelvic bones proxmial femur; grade det biologic behavior; mets to lungs
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hartnup disease
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defect in reabsorption of neurtral aa like tryptophan in the GI and kidneys AR
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CCr equation
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CCr=UCr xV/Pcr for 24 hr urine collection normal is >100
<10 =RF |
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name 3 things that cause sterile pyuria
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Chlamydia, drug induce TIN, TB
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fatty cast
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nephrotic; commonly polarized
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BM collagen?
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type 4 w/ heparin sulfate
type 1 is bone; 2 cartilage |
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horseshoe kidney
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connected lower poles; turner's syndrome; can occlude IMA; poss infection and stone formation
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renal dysplasia
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unilateral usually; MC cystic disease in children; flank mass
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JPKD
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at birth, cystic kidneys, also liver and spleen cysts; AR; POSS PRECURSOR FOR HCC ; oligohydraminos-->potter's facies
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APKD
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AD; later in life; eventually die of CRF; in liver and spleen; bilateral 20-25; HTN-->berry anerysms; sigmoid diverticulosis; MVP
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medullary sponge kidney
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stones, PN, swiss cheese apprearance-striations; hematuria; renal stones
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acquired PKD
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renal dialysis; small risk for RCC
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nephritic syndrome
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periorbital puffiness, HTN, <3.5, oliguria, RBC casts; smoky colored urine
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nephrotic syndrome
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dec AT3 so hypercoagulabe pot for Renal vein thrombosis; lipidemia type 2; >3.5; maltese fatty casts, pitting edema and ascities; hypogammaglobulinemia
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IgA Glomerulopthy
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berger's disease; URT infection commonly; diagnose via IF; mesangial deposits; focal proliferative
tx w/ corticosteroids |
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post-strep GN
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group A strep commonly strep pyogenes scarlet fever (strawberry tongue); subepithelial deposits; ASO and anti-DNAase B titers; diffuse proliferative
treat w/ peniccillin G |
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diffuse proliferative DN
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SLE; ANA test; subendothelial deposits; cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids; DNA w/ anti-DNA ICs
wire looping |
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rapidly progressive GN
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goodpastures, wegeners CANCA, microscopic polyangitis pANCA; steroids; linear T2HS; antiBM ab; no deposits; hemoptyphis; hla-br2
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minimal change disease
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no inflammatory response; T cells destroy or hodkin's; lipoid nephrosis; loss albumin (selective); resp infection or routine imm; no HTN
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focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
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HIV and IVDA; MC! damage to VECs
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to play against
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jouer contre
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T1MPGN
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hep C or cryoglobinuria; subendothelila tham tracks;
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T2MPGN
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C3 is low w/ C3 nephritic factor binds to C3 convertase to prevent degradation fo C3 convertase; dense deposite deses; tram tracks
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