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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define: Exotoxin
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G +/-
Release from cell Protein Many types Heat labile Specific receptors/effects Toxoids made by treating with formalin |
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Define: Endotoxin
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G-
Part of cell-wall Lipid A of lipopolysacchride Only one type Heat stable Diverse hosts/effects Toxoids cannot be made |
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Define: Spore
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G+
Dormant state of bacteria Keratin-like protein coat |
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Define: Pili
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G+/-
Promotes attachment and genetic exchange |
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Define: Flagella
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G+/-
Locomotion |
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Define: Capsule
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G+/-
Polysaccharide layer Major virulence factor (NOT essential for survival) Protects against phagocytosis Resists complement |
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Define: Aerobic
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Grows in regular air @ 37C
Some use elevated CO2 |
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Define: Anaerobic
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Cannot live in O2
Requires reducing agent |
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Define: Microaerophilic
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Require O2 (~5%) for growth
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Staphylococcus aureus
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Catalase +
G + Cocci Facultative anaerobe Coagulase + alpha/exfoliative/superantigen toxins TSS dx: Mannitol Salt agar |
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Clostridium
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G+
Strict Anaerobe Spores G. Perfringens G. Tetani G. Botulinum |
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C. Perfringnens
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G+
Anaerobe Spores Soft-tissue infection (gas gangrene) Food Poisoning (toxin) |
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C. Tetani
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G+
Strict Anaerobe Vaccine Toxin: Tetanospasmin block IPSP "Lock-jaw" Neonatal tenaus |
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C. Botulism
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G+
Spores Strict Anaerobe 3D symptoms: Diploia, dysphagia, dysphonia Toxin (most powerful) blocks acetylcholine Paralysis Infant Botulism: Honey, higher GI pH |
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E. Coli
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G-
Rods Facultative Anaerobe Catalase + Oxidase - Excapsulated Blood + Lactose + Virulence factors: Pili, toxins, capsule UTI |
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Shingella
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Infectious dose: Low
Diarrhea w/ blood, pus, mucus Blood - Exotoxin |
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Salmonella
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Infectious dose: High
Diarrhea w/ no blood Blood: rare H2S + |
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Vibrio Cholera
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G-
Facultative Anaerobe Oxidase + Catalase + V: Toxin, Pili Dx: Rice-water diarrhea Agar: Blood MacConkey |
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Listeria
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G+
Facultative Anaerobe Catalase + B-hemolytic Neonatal meningitis Grows at 4C (Soft cheeses) |
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Corynebacterium Diphtheria
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G+
No spores No capsules Catalase + Phage-encoded toxin: terminates host cell protein synthesis Vaccine to toxoid Dx: Gray exudate Sx: Nerve damage, myocarditis (toxin) |
