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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Chlamydia?
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Small gram negative bacteria
Now called Chlamydophila cell wall with LPS, high lipid content Obligate intracellular bacteria (macrophages) |
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What are the developmental cycles of Chlamydia?
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Elementary Bodies
Reticulate bodies |
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What are Elementary Bodies?
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A developmental cycle of Chlamydia
they are small metabolically in active do not multiply infectious stage |
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What are Reticulate Bodies?
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a developmental cycle of Chlamydia
they are large metabolically active multiply intracellularly non-infections (replication stage) |
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What is the pathogenesis of Chlamydia?
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survives the phagolysosome
lives inside mac and travels to different areas of the body |
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What is the Immunity of Chlamydia?
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short immunity after infection
reinfection = severe disease elimination of infection requires INF-Y from helper T cells |
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What is Chlamydia psittaci?
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bacterial infection that was originally discovered in birds
Birds: diarrhea Cattle: neonatal conjunctivitis and rhinitis from intrauterine infection Bovine: mastitis |
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What is Chlamydia pecorum?
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bacterial infection that causes systemic infections in sheep and cattle
Sporadic encephalomyelitis Polyarthritis Diarrhea metritis Granular vulvovaginitis |
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What is Chlamydia pneumonia?
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bacterial infection that causes pneumonia
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What is Chlamydia abortus?
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bacterial infection that causes Granular vulvovaginitis in cattle 3 years or younger
Pneumonia Conjunctivis Polyarthritis Abortion/infertility Causes ovine enzootic abortion (OEA) |
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What is Chlamydia trachomatis?
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bacterial infection that causes Chronic granulomatous conjunctivitis in repeat infections
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What is Chlamydia felis?
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A bacterial infection that causes
Causes pneumonia in cats See unilateral/bilateral conjunctivitis Ocular and nasal discharge |
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How do you treatment Chlamydia?
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Tetracycline, macrolides and quinolone for 10 days
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What is Mycoplasm?
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Smallest free living bacteria
Lacks a cell wall Pleomorphic: spherical to filamentous cells Grow very slowly ~ 9 hours cause low grade chronic infections |
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What is the pathogenesis of Mycoplasm?
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Host cell attachment
Membrane associated toxins Hemolysins, proteolytic enzyme, endonucleases Host molecular mimicry |
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What is Mycoplasm mycoides subspecies mycoides?
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Bacterial infection that causes contagious bovine pleurpneumonia
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What is Mycoplasma bovis and M californium?
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Bacteria that causes pneumonua, arthritis, mastitis and abortion in cattle
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What is Ureaplasma diversum?
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causes bovine vaginitis in bovine
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What are the mycoplasm diseases that cause enzootic pneumonia arthritis in swine?
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M. hyopnemoniae
M. hyorhinis M. hyosynoviae |
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How do you treat Mycoplasma?
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Macrolides, tetracyclines, spectinomycin and spiramycin
reduce stress |
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What is Rickettsia?
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Bacteria that causes many fatal and chronic disease in animals
Obligate intracellular bacteria Vector borne - grow in the gut cells of arthropods Has a broad host preference Infects hematopoietic or endothelial cells Transmitted by fleas ticks and lice Antibodies cross-react multiple species Does not grow in common artificial media |
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What is Rickettsia rickettsia?
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Causes RMSF and transmitted by Dermacentor spp and infects dogs and humans
signs include Causes fever depression, muscle and joint pain, swollen lymph nodes and edema Can cause pneumonia and heart arrhythmia Neurological signs |
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What is rickettsia prowazekii?
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Bacteria that causes typhus
Spreads fast in crowds (body lice) Causes high fever, depression, severe headache, and rashes |
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What is Q fever?
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Coxiella burnetii
Affects cattle sheep and goats Zoonotic infection in people Organisms excreted in milk, urine and feces of infected animals |
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What is heartwater diease?
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Caused by Ehrlichia and affects cattle and sheep
Signs include sever encephalitis and hydropericardium Major problems in Africa and Caribbean 90% fatality in susceptible livestock transmitted by Amblyomma spp ticks Causes severe pulmonary edema and hydropercardium |
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What causes canine monocytic ehrlichiosis?
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Ehrlichia canis
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What causes bovine anaplasmosis?
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Anaplasma marginale
Causes diarrhea, fever, anemia, anorexia, hemoglobinuria, muscle weakness, myocardial hypoxia cardiac arrest Transmitted by Dermacentor andersoni |
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What causes Equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis/anaplasmosis?
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Anaplasma phagocytophilium
Transmitted by ixodes sp ticks Causes fever, anorexia, petchial hemorrhages and edema of legs same tick also causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis |
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What is Neorickettsia transmitted by?
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flukes
potomac horse fever (N.risticii) Salmon poisining (N. helminthoeca) |
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What cases cat scratch disease?
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Bartonella henselae
Present in the cat saliva transmitted by bite or scratch |
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How are Fungi classified?
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classified as heterotrophic eukaryotes
and closesly related to animals on the phylogenetic tree feed on dead organic compounds |
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What is a Fungus?
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A eukaryotic organism that doesn't have chlorophyll has cell walls and produces spores and filamentous structures
thousands of species but hundreds are pathogenic |
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What is the pathogenesis of Fungi?
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the are in many forms
cause allergy produce toxins and are opportunistic in immunocompromised animals They are thermo-tolerant Survive in tissue environment and withstand host defenses |
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What are the morphological features of fungi?
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dimorphic
yeast - parasitic form ~37 C Mycelial form ~25C Spore forming |
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What are types of sporangiospores?
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conidia- an asexual spore frormed from hyphae by budding and septal division
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What are types of Chlamydoconidia?
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Blastoconidia that bud off of pseudohypha
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What are the three characteristics that help us distinguish fungi?
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colonization
fungemia infection |
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How do you diagnose fungi?
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classify as:
cutaneous (skin nails) subcutaneous (induced by trauma) systemic (skin and deep viscera) opportunistic can diagnose with wet mount, skin test, serology, fluorescent biopsy, histopathology, culture, DNA probes |
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How do you collect fungi?
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collect in a clean area
place in envelope/sterile petrie dish do not use tight sealed container |
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What is the most clinically relevant fungus for veterinarians?
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Microsporum canis - ringworm
cats, dogs, zoonosis |
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What is Eumycotic mycetoma?
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tumorous, granulomatous infections of the skin and subcutaneous tissue used by true fungus
may invade bone (rare) seen with wound infections contaminated with soil mostly in dogs, rare in horses |
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What is Sporotrichosis?
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caused by Sporothrix schenckii
disease of horses, dogs, cattle, fowl, primates, cattle causes chronic granulomatous lesions of the subcutaneous rarely systemic primarily from wound infection |
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What is Rhinosporidiosis?
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Chronic granulomatous infection of the mucous membranes
caused by Rhinosporatidium seeberi causes tumerous polyp that is soft and friable causes mucopurulent nasal discharge does not impart general health |
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What is candidiasis?
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caused by opportunist yeast candida albicans
usually affects digestive and urogenital tract of calves or poultry affects immunocompromised individuals associated with abortion and mastitis in cattle causes human thrush causes systemic infections in canine |
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What is Malassezia pachydermatis?
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a part of normal flora of canine ears
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What is Cryptococcosis?
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Cryptococcus neoformans
causes subacute and chronic infections associated with pigeon droppings inhaled blastospores and cause pulmonary infection |
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What is Aspergillosis?
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Aspergillus spp
Primary infections of the respiratory tract Affect also eyes skin and reproductive tract Infections in birds most common affects young and debilitated Causes brooder pneumonia and chronic air sacculitis |
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How is aspergillosis diagnosed
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Usually at necropsy
Causes abortion in cattle Direct exam with 10% KOH Prognosis isn't good |
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What is coccidiodes immitis?
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A dimorphic fungus
Grow in the mycelial phase in cultural and soil Grow in the yeast phase in the tissues of an infected animals Spores are inhaled Causes granulomas like TB and may disseminate to liver, spleen, kidneys and bones |
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What is Histplasmosis?
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Histoplasma capsulatum
Primarily in pulmonary tissue Yeast cells in circulating monocytes and possible neurtophils saprophyte in soil enriched with bird feces small yeast cells demonstrate in macrophages causes histoplasmosis in dogs cats and humans |
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What is Blastomycosis?
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A diphasic fungus, blastomyces dermatitidis
Budding yeast cells in tissues and when grown at 37C in culture mycelial phase in soil and when grown at 25 Causes granulomatous and suppurative disease Primary pulmonary lesions which may disseminate to other body organs (skin, eye, bone) Susceptible in dogs and primarily pulmonary infection due to inhalation of conidia |
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What are the most important dimorphic fungal pathogens?
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coccidiosis
histoplasma clastomyces |
