Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
176 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
keratitis
|
inflamm of the cornea
|
|
|
blepharitis
|
inflamm of the eyelid
|
|
|
chemosis
|
edema of the conjunctiva
|
|
|
dacryocystitis
|
inflamm of the nasolacrimal duct
|
|
|
tear film
|
IgA, lysozyme, lactoferrin, defensins
|
|
|
superficial ocular infections
|
conjunctivitis, keratitis and/or blepharitis. usually caused by commensals or environmental organmisms combined with predisposing factors. SOME (chlamydophilia, moraxella and herpesvirus infections) are contagious.
|
|
|
endophthalmitis
|
inflamm inside the globe
|
|
|
panophthalmitis
|
inflamm of all layers of the eye from sclera inward
|
|
|
deep ocular infections
|
anterior uveitis and/or chorioretinitis. Infectious and noninfectious causes. Infectious suually result of systemic infections or immune mediated reactions to infectious agents
|
|
|
bacterial causes of deep ocular dz in dogs
|
brucellosis, leptospirosis
|
|
|
rickettsial causes of deep ocular dz in dogs
|
ehrlichiosis, RMSF
|
|
|
mycotic causes of deep ocular dz in dogs
|
blasto, histo, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis
|
|
|
viral causes of deep ocular dz in dogs
|
distemper virus, adenovirus1 (infectious canine hepatitis/blue eye)
|
|
|
other causes of deep ocular dz in dogs
|
prototheca spp
|
|
|
causes of conjunctivitis in cats
|
bacterial - chalmydophila felis, mycosplasma felis. Viral - feline viral rhinotracheitis virus
|
|
|
causes of enophthalmitits in cats
|
mycotic - histo, cryptococcosis. Viral - feline infectious peritonitis virus, feline leukemia virus, FIV
|
|
|
causes of ocular dz in horses
|
leptospirosis (periodic opthalmia / moon blindness), equine viral arteritis, aspergillus spp
|
|
|
causes of ocular dz in cattle
|
bacterial - infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (moraxella bovis), mycoplasma bovoculi, mycoplasma bovirhinis. Viral - infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, malignant catarrhal fever
|
|
|
causes of ocular dz in sheep/goats
|
chlamydophila pecorum, mycoplasma conhunctivae
|
|
|
causes of ocular dz in swine
|
atrophic rhinitis, hog cholara (FAD)
|
|
|
infectious bovine keratoconjunctivtis
|
pinkeye. Caused by moraxella bovis. Reservoir = ocular/nasal mm of carrier cattle. Direct transmission or mechanical vector (fly, gnat)
|
|
|
moraxella bovis
|
gram neg diplobacillus. B hemolytic, causes erosions and "pitting" of agar
|
|
|
early signs of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis
|
lacrimation, central corneal ulcer, chemosis
|
|
|
predisposing factors of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis
|
predisposing factors - UV light, wind, dust, tall/dry grass, insects. Viruses, mycoplasmas.
|
|
|
bacterial virulence factors
|
pili- colonization of conjunctiva and corneal epithelium. Exotoxins - hemolysin, collagenase, and hyaluronidase cause erosions and ulcers of epithelium of cornea
|
|
|
sequele of chronic, severe, deep ulcerative keratitis
|
descemetocoele - cornea erodes to expose descemet's membrane
|
|
|
treating IBK
|
tetracyclien. Topical Abs, if subconjunctival - penicllin
|
|
|
is there a vaccination for IBK?
|
yes. Protection is assoc with ab to pilus ag. However, ag diversity means vaccines will not protect against all strains. Efficacy debated - use as part of control progaram
|
|
|
is IBK zoonotic?
|
NO. moraxella bovis is host adapted to cattle.
|
|
|
infectious feline conjunctivitis
|
caused by feline herpesvirus-1 or chlamydophila felis
|
|
|
feline herpesvirus 1 / feline viral rhinotracheitis causes
|
conjunctivitis, keratitis, and nasooropharyngeal infection
|
|
|
chlamydophila felis causes
|
conjunctivitis
|
|
|
how cayou differentiate the two causative agents of infectious feline conjunctivtis
|
culture, stains or PCR. However, fhv often causes more severe dz
|
|
|
upper respiratory disease complex in cats
|
chlamydophila felis, feline herpesvirus, feline calicivirus, bordetella bronchiseptica.
|
|
|
chlamydia and chalmydophila spp
|
nonmotile acteria with a gram neg type cell wall. Obligate intracellular bacteria. Multiply within a membrane - bound vacuole inside host cells.
|
|
|
chlamydophila felis pathogenesis
|
intial signs 5wks - 9mo of age. Transmission - direct contact with discharge from carrier cats. 3-5 d incubation.
|
|
|
generalized infection with c. felis
|
Generalized infection - kitens at parturition/neonatal period, agent in GI and genital tract.
|
|
|
clinical signs of c felis infection
|
serous nasal discharge, blepharospasm, chemosis, conjunctival hyperemia. Signs resolve in 3-4 weeks, but persistent infections are possible (Sbuclinical with period clin signs)
|
|
|
diagnosins c felis
|
conjunctival swabs - large cytoplasmic inclusions, culture, ELISA, pcr. Serology - high titers = active infection
|
|
|
treating c felis
|
topical AND systmic tetracyclines. Treat at least 4 weeks / 2 weeks after signs resolve. Treat all cats in houseold. Attenuated vaccine available but will not prevent infection
|
|
|
is c felis zoonotic
|
yes, but rare. Several cases of human conjunctivtis have been reported
|
|
|
bacterial cystitis
|
common, esp in dogs. Bacteria involved are commensals and/or opportunisitc. 40% are e.coli. Proteus sp, klebsiella sp, pseudomonas sp, enterobacter sp.
|
|
|
predisposing factors of bacterial cystits
|
urinary obstruction, anatomical defects, imcomplete emptying of bladder, urolithiasis, neoplasia, compromised immunity
|
|
|
preferred method of sample collection
|
cystocentesis
|
|
|
contagious bovine pyelonephritis
|
caows. Corynebacterium renale group. C. renale is most frequent cause of dz. Also c. pilosum and c. cystiditis. Gram posiive club shaped rods
|
|
|
pathogenesis of contagious bovine pyelonephritis
|
organism may be found as lower urogenital tract flora of males and may become established in females. Can be transmitted venereally, from cow to cow via urine, and iatrogenically via fomites. Development of pyelonephritis is assoc with parturition and oother predisposing factors. most common in mature cows 1/4 to 1/3 of cases are fatal.
|
|
|
corynbacterium pilosum
|
least virulent, found in healthy cows
|
|
|
corynbacterium cystitidis
|
most irulent, never found in healthy cows but is a commensal of the male prepuce
|
|
|
clinical signs of bovine pyelonephritis
|
dysuria, pollakiuria, may have hematuria/pyuria. Anorexia, fever and epression as pyelonephritis progresses
|
|
|
diagnosins contagious bovine pyelonephritis
|
clin signs, palpation, U/s, urinalysis, gram stain of urine (With gram pos rods). Urine culture
|
|
|
treating contagious bovine pyelonephritis
|
penicillin or TMS. Extra label dosages recommended.
|
|
|
contagious cystitis or pyelonephritis of sows
|
actinobaculum suis
|
|
|
actinobaculum suis
|
gram pos anaerobic rod. Major means of transmission is from inapparent carrier boars (prepuce) to sows at breeding
|
|
|
predisposing factors of contagious cystitis / pyelonephritis of sows
|
trauma at breeding, increased ph at estrus favoring replication of the agent, inadequate water supply predisposes to dz.
|
|
|
when do most cases of contagious cystitis /pyelonephritis occur?
|
3-4 weeks post breeding
|
|
|
clinical signs and diagnosis
|
sudden death, hematuria and dysuria. UA - proteinuria, hematuria, pyuria, bacteriuria. Azotemia. Demonstrate etiologic agent- anaerobic cultre, FAT
|
|
|
treating contagious cystitis /pyelonephritis of sows
|
penicillins. Control - reduce trauma at breeding, prophy ab at breeding, AI
|
|
|
spirochetes
|
slender, helically coiled gram neg bacteria. Motile via periplasmic flagella
|
|
|
genus leptospira
|
2 serologic species - leptospira interrogans (pathogenic) and leptispira biflexa (Saprophytic). Then reclassified based on genetic relatedness- now 17 species, 250+ serovars.
|
|
|
genetic leptospiral species of vet importance
|
L. interrogans, L kirschneri, and L borgpetersenii
|
|
|
leptospira serovars of vet importance
|
L. canicola, l hardjo, l pomona, l grippotyphosa, l icterohemorrhagiae, l bratislava
|
|
|
leptospira reservoir
|
mammals, domestic and wild, dependeing on serovar. Rodents often implicated
|
|
|
leptospira transmission
|
extreted in urine of infected animals - clinically ill and carrier (milder signs, long term shedders). Direct transmission - mm r abraded skin contact with contaminated urine. Transplacental. Venereal. Indirect - contaminated water.
|
|
|
L canicola reservoir
|
dogs and wild canidae
|
|
|
l icterohemorrhagiae reservoir
|
rats
|
|
|
l pomona reservoir
|
pigs and cattle
|
|
|
l grippotyphosa reservoir
|
skunk, opossum raccoon, vole, other rodents
|
|
|
l hardjo reservoir
|
bovine, ovine, cervidae
|
|
|
l bratislava reservoir
|
swine, hedgehogs, horses
|
|
|
wild mammals can serve as incidental hosts for all serovars EXCEPT
|
L hardjo
|
|
|
pathogenesis of leptospirosis
|
exposure via contamianted water, urine or infected tissue. Penetration through intact mucous membranes. Leptospiremia (lasts days to 1 week) and vasculitis. Infection of LIVER, KIDNEY, LUNGS, spleen, cns, eyes and/or genital tract. Development of ab results of disappearance of leptospires from blood, but may persist in renal tubules for months
|
|
|
acute intravascular hemolysis
|
seen in young calves with L pomona infections. Hemoglobinuria, anemia, icterus. High mortality
|
|
|
bovine leptospirosis abortion
|
last trimester. 1-4 weeks following leptospiremia which is usually sublicnical. L Pomona most common. Infertility/early abortions assoc with L hardjo infections.
|
|
|
bovine leptospirosis agalactiae
|
sudden drop in milk prod with no signs of mastitis. Assoc with L hardjo infections
|
|
|
porcine leptospirosis
|
acute rarely seen. Abortion during last 2-4 weeks of gestation is major clinical sign. L pomona, L icterohemorrhagiae
|
|
|
ovine leptospirosis
|
not common, usually l pomona. Similar to bovine - acute hemolysis in young lambs, abortion in ewes.. L hardjo maintenace host
|
|
|
equine leptospirosis
|
L pomona / l bratislava (maint host). 1) acute renal failure -rare. 2) abortion near end of gestation. 3) stillbirths or weak, anemia, icteric foals 4) equine recurrent uveitis / periodic ophthalmia / moon blindness. L Pomona, months to years after initial infection. immune mediated??
|
|
|
canine leptospirosis
|
common canine serovars: L interrogans gripptyphosa, L pomona, L icterohemorrhagiae, L canicola (maint host). Adult hunting dogs, late summer/fall. Clin signs - lethargy, depress, fever, anorexia, myalgia, vomiting, TCP, icterus, renomegaly, hepatomegaly, ab/lumbar pain, diarrhea, ARF - azotemia, oliguria, anuria
|
|
|
acute leptospirosis
|
vasculitis, DIC poss. 1) renal failure -L gripptyphosa, L canicola 2) liver damage - L icterohamorrhagiae or L pomona. Chronic acrive hepatis may be sequela of L grippotyphosa infection. Many animals subclinically infected, dz more severe in younger animals
|
|
|
diagnosins lepto
|
clinical signs, demo of organism (FAT on kidney is best). Dark field microscopy on urine - low sensitivity. Culture - confirmatory. Serology - most common. PCR
|
|
|
canine lepto tx
|
penicillin to elim leptospiremia followed by doxy x 2 weeks to elim shedding
|
|
|
LA lepto tx
|
tetracyclines x 2 weeks
|
|
|
is there a lepto vaccine avail for dogs? Cattle?
|
yes, and yes. May not always prevent infection or shedding
|
|
|
lepto zoonotic potential
|
causes mild to severe symptoms- flu like illness that may progress to icterus, renal or hepatic failure, or pulm hemorrhage. Dz names: swine herders, weil's, canicola fever
|
|
|
brucellosis
|
chronic dz involving mainly the repro tract of animals result ing abortion/infertility. Caused by genus brucella - small gram neg aerobic coccobacilli. Obligate parasites of animals, facultative intracellular bacteria
|
|
|
brucella abortus
|
cattle, abortion
|
|
|
brucella suis
|
swine, abortion
|
|
|
brucella melitensis
|
sheep,goats, abortion
|
|
|
brucella canis
|
dogs - epidydmitis, abortion
|
|
|
brucella ovis
|
sheep - ram epididymitis, rare abotion
|
|
|
smooth brucella
|
long polyvalent O side chains, will cross react with each other on agglut tests. B abortus, suis, melitensis. More virulent
|
|
|
rough brucella
|
short or absent polyvalent o side chains, will cros react with one another. B canis / ovis.
|
|
|
do rough and smooth brucellas cross react?
|
no
|
|
|
brucalla general pathogenesis
|
entry through skin/mucosa. Transport to and replication in local lymph nodes. Ability to survive and replicate inside macrophages. Prevent phago-lysosome fusion. Travel to LN, spread to other tissues esp repro tract
|
|
|
erythritol
|
found in allantoic fluid, stimulates growth of brucellae
|
|
|
how does brucella cause abortions?
|
infection of endometrium -> cotyledon -> necros and edema -> Fetal infection or abortion
|
|
|
which species of brucella can be transmitted through aborted fetuses and uterine dischargges?
|
b abortus, b canis, b suis, b melitensis
|
|
|
which species of brucella can be transmitted through milk?
|
b abortus, b melitensis
|
|
|
which species of brucella can be transmitted via semen?
|
b canis, b suis, b ovis
|
|
|
which species of brucella can be transmitted from urine
|
b canis, b suis
|
|
|
what is used for the diagnosis of brucellosis?
|
antibodies
|
|
|
what is important in immunity to brucellosis and why?
|
CMI is important because of intramacrophage existence
|
|
|
diagnosins brucellosis
|
isolation/culture is definitive. Or direct exam on aborted fetuses (lung / stomach content). Serology is how most diagnoses are acquired
|
|
|
bovine brucellosis
|
brucella abortus. Res= cattle, bison, elk.
|
|
|
what can brucella abortus cause in horses?
|
fistulous withers and poll evil
|
|
|
diagnosing bovine brucellosis
|
abortions >5 mo gestation. Bulls - epiididymitis, orchitis, seminal vesiculitus. Culture - definitive - placenta, fetal stomach contents. Serology.
|
|
|
federal state coop program for brucellosis eradication
|
surveillance - dairy cattle ring test, market testing (card test.) vaccinated - attenuated. Strain 19 or RB 51. indemnity - monies paid for brucellosis reactors
|
|
|
swine brucellosis
|
brucella suis. Res = swine, both domestic and feral. Abortion is main clinical sign. Orchitis or arthrtis may be seen. Test and slaughter. NO VACCINE
|
|
|
brucella melitensis
|
FAD. Reservoir = sheep and goats. Most pathogenic to humans
|
|
|
brucella ovis
|
cause of contagious epididymitis in rams. Clinic sign = epidydmal swelling and decreased fertility in ADULT rams. Rough brucella, very host specific. Abortions rare. Transmited ram to ram via semen, or passive transfer via ewes during same estrus (ram to ewe to ram). causes flock infertility
|
|
|
epididymal swelling in young ram
|
non contagious epididymitis agents - actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, histophils somni. REPORTABLE.
|
|
|
diagnosing ovine brucellosis
|
culture - semen samples, testicles. Serology.
|
|
|
control and prevention of ovine brucellosis
|
cull positives in adult rams (palpations, serology). Separate older rams from younger to prevent transmission. Killed bacterin vaccine- may decrease clin signs and interfere with sero tests
|
|
|
canine brucellosis
|
brucella canis, a rough brucella. Dogs = res. Human infections have occurred. Clin signs - not generally ill, poss lymphadenopathy, low grade bactermia for 3 years. Repro abnormalities - abortion in last 2 weeks of preg, epididymitis/orchitis, infertility. diskospondylitis, glomerulonephritis, anterior uveitis, endophthalmitis
|
|
|
diagnosing canine brucellosis
|
serology - rapid slide agglut test - screening test, interpret cautiously, high false positive rate. Culture = definitive.
|
|
|
canine brucellosis treatment
|
Controversal. Different to determine infected status after therapy. ONLY TX NEUTERED ANIMALS. Doxy with aminoglycoside x4weeks
|
|
|
controlling brucellosis in breeding kenel
|
quarentine, allow no breeding. Confirm DX. Serotest all dogs - cull postives. Serotest at monthly intervals until 3 neg tests achieved for all dogs. Only allow entry of seroneg animals
|
|
|
marine mammal brucellosis
|
dolphins, seals, otters, walruses, whales. Pathogencitiy unknown. Considered opportunists. B ceti (cetaceans) and b pinnipedialis (Seals and sea lions)
|
|
|
brucella zoonotic potential
|
YES. Undulant fever in humans, aka malta/mediterranean fever. Intermittent fle like signs, fever, joint pain myalgia. May persist for years. Tx not always successful. Virulence: melitensis > abortus and suis > canis. REPORTABLE>
|
|
|
if you are exposed to brucellosis
|
titer ASAP, tx for 2-4 weeks. 4 weeks later- repeat titer.
|
|
|
chlamydophila forms
|
obligate intracellular bacteria - infectious particle : elementary body. Small dense cell with rigid cell wall. Extracellular form. Environmentally resistant. Binds to and enters host cell. Reproductive/reticulate body - intracelluar form, larger, metabolically active cell that begins replication in host cell
|
|
|
chlamydophila life cycle
|
EB attaches to host cell and initaiates endocytosis. EB within phagosome inhibits lysosome fusion with phagosome. Chlamydia have lost their ability to produce energy and use ATP from host. Binary fission with phagosome. Cells produced by binary fission develop into EB which are released by cell lysis / exocytosis
|
|
|
chlamydophila pathogesnsis
|
dz syndromes related to the infecting chlamydial sp and strain as well as host species. Chronic or persistent infections wihtout clinical signs are common. Some infections may be latent. Active infections sometimes stress related
|
|
|
chlamydophila psittaci
|
psittacosis in birds
|
|
|
chlamydophila felis
|
feline conjunctivitis
|
|
|
chlamydophila pecorum
|
koala repro and UT dz. Rums/swine- abortion, conjunctivitis, encephalomyeltis, enteritis, pneumonia and polyarthrtis. C abortus - ruminants, abortion!
|
|
|
chlamydial abortion / enzootic abortion of ewes
|
chlamydophila abortus. Abortuions in last 30 days, still births, weak lambs at birth. Also causes abortion in goats. Transmission via exposure to placenta or uterine fluids from an aborting ewe. Ewes exposed furing last month of gestation will abort the following year. placentitis is major lesion
|
|
|
diagnosis enzootic abortion of ewes
|
direct exam - cotyledon smears look for intracycoplasmic inclusions. Culture, serology (acute and convalescent titers- titers rise after abortion)
|
|
|
EAE tx
|
tetracyclines to control abortions - will not prevent infection or clea carrier animal. Reduce exposure. Bacterin vaccine - will prevent or decrease incidence of abortion
|
|
|
zoonotic potential of chlamydophila abortus
|
illness/abortions in humans. Warning to pregnant women
|
|
|
other abortifacient agents assoc with lambing
|
listeria monocytogens, toxoplasma gondii, campylobacter fetus
|
|
|
campylobacter spp
|
gram neg motile curved rods. Carrier animals are reservoirs.
|
|
|
which campylobacter species cause abortions or infertility?
|
c fetus venerealis, c fetus fetus, c jejuni
|
|
|
campylobacter fetus venerealis
|
etiologic agent of bov campylobacteriosis or vibriosis. Cause of temp infertility in cows and heifers. Occasional abortions
|
|
|
epidemiology of c fetus venerealis
|
obligate inhabitant of bov repro tract. Venereal transmissio. Bull is inapparent carrier - preputial crypes. Bulls <4 yr can be transient infected.
|
|
|
pathogenesis of campylobacteriosis
|
female - infection of vagina and cervix at breedign followed in 1 week by infection of uterus and oviducts. Mucopurulent endometritis. Infertility from 3-5 mo duration. Abortions at up to 8 mo gestation occur sporadically. Long duration of infection - due to Ag variation of bacteria. campylobacter cleared from uterus first (igg and iga) and then lower repro tract (iga). 1/3 females remain carriers that can infect bulls. natural immunity lasts 4 years
|
|
|
virulence factors of veneral campylobacters
|
microcapsule (s layer) made up of a protein lattice- there are 8 different ag variants of s layer. Other VFs: cytolethal distending toxin, outer membrane protein adhesins, endotoxin.
|
|
|
clin sings of campylobacteriosis
|
recently infected herd - repeat breeding, long estrous cycles, long calving season, cows calving late. Resolves after 2-3 breeding seasons. Chronicaly infected herd - only heifers and replacement cows show clin signs
|
|
|
dx campylobacteriosis
|
culture - cervicovaginal mucus, preputial smegma/washes, aborted fetus. Direct exam / gran stain of stomach contents of aborted fetus. Serology (Reliability?)
|
|
|
tx campylobacteriosis
|
not usulaly treated. Young bull may be txed with dihydrostreptomycin
|
|
|
control campylobacteriosis
|
vaccination - annual as control measure, prior to start of breeding seasing. Use AI
|
|
|
c fetus fetus
|
epizootic ovine abortion. May cause sporadic abortion in cattle. Inhab of gi tract / gall bladder of carrier animals. Transmission: Fecal oral, exposure to aborted fetus and dischartes. When ewes confined- abortion rate may reach 70%
|
|
|
c fetus fetus pathogenesis
|
organism is ingested and invades the intestinal mucosa. Bacteremia occurs and in preg animals invasion of the placenta and the fetus follows - placentntis, may see liver lesions in aborted fetuses
|
|
|
c fetus fetus clin signs
|
abortion in last 6 weeks of preg, stillbirths, premature lambs. Occasional ewe ill prior to abortion - fever, depression, diarrhea, vaginal discharge. Cattle- sporadic last trimester abortion
|
|
|
c fetus fetus diagnosis
|
direct exam - abomasal contents of fetus. Culture - ALWAYS culture cattle to differentiate
|
|
|
c fetus fetus tx and control
|
Ab (ewes that have aborted and pregnant ewes), bacterin vaccine. Mgmt- isolate, disposal.
|
|
|
c. jejuni
|
abortiona analogous to c fetus fetus.
|
|
|
vibrio vaccines for sheep
|
contain both c fetus fetus and c jejuni strains
|
|
|
zoonotic potential of campylobacter spp
|
c jejuni = zoonotic. C fetus fetus infections uncommon in humans.
|
|
|
what is the etiology of Q fever
|
coxiella burnetii
|
|
|
coxiella burnetti
|
obligate intracellular gram neg rickettsial bacterium that has two forms - metabolically active intracellcular form and inacive evironmentally resistant extracellular form
|
|
|
most common signs of Q fever
|
subclinical infection, abortion, infertility
|
|
|
animals most commonly affected by Q fever
|
sheep
|
|
|
how is coxiella burnetti shed
|
urine, milk, feces and parturient discharges
|
|
|
q fever transmission
|
aerosol (most common), tick, milk, vertical transmission
|
|
|
is q fever a zoonoses?
|
yes. Humans usually infected via inhalation of infective bacteria. Clin signs = fevers and myalgia. Signs vary and may include vasculitis, pneumonia, hepatitis or meningoencephalitis. Chronic form is endocarditis
|
|
|
etiology of contagious equine metritis
|
taylorella equigenitalis
|
|
|
taylorella equigenitalis
|
gram neg coccobacillus
|
|
|
what is CEM
|
a highly contagious venearl dz of horsess characterized by a copious mucopurlent vaginal discharge and temp infertility in mares
|
|
|
how is CEM transmitted
|
stallions are inapparent carriers- transmit during breeding
|
|
|
diagnosing contagious equine metritis
|
culture (Difficult), serology (not for infected stallions /chronic carriers - MAY detect acutely infected mares).
|
|
|
what should you do if CEM is suspected?
|
call state vet - FAD
|
|
|
CEM sequela
|
quarentine infected premises. No protective immunity - may become reinfected. Foals- infected at parturtion, test prior to 3 mo of age.
|
|
|
CEM treatment
|
genital lavage, local Ab therapy. Consider clitorectomy in chronically infected mares
|
|
|
most common species involved in bovine mycotic abortion
|
aspergillus spp - zygomycotic fungi
|
|
|
how does bovine mycotic abortion infections occur?
|
hematogenously from inahlation or ingestion of fungal spores
|
|
|
clinical signs of bovine mycotic abortion
|
near term, sporadic abortions, placentitis. Fetus - bronchopneumonia, circumscribed skin lesions
|
|
|
what is bovine mycotic abortion assoc with
|
indoor housing and moldy feed
|
|
|
equine mycotic abortion
|
aspergillus fumigatus. Ascending infection from the lower repro tract resulting in an intial localized placentis that becomes more invasive during the pregnancy
|
|
|
clincal signs of equine mycotic abortion
|
sporadic abortions during last half of preg, placentitis, fetal bronchopneumonia
|
|
|
diagnosing mycotic abortion
|
demo of fungus AS A TISSUE INVADER, histopath.
|
|
|
endometritis
|
common prob in mares caused by commensal bacteria- agents introduced into uterus at breeding/parturtion. Cleared from uterus in normal healthy mares.
|
|
|
dirty mare
|
persistent post breeding endometritis requiring intensive management
|
|
|
diagnising endometritis
|
clinical signs- failure to concieve, eviedence of purulent inflammation. Culture. Uterine biopsy
|
|
|
canine genital infections - male
|
prostatitis most common, orchitis, epididymitis
|
|
|
canine genital infections - female
|
puppy vaginatits, pyometra, metritis
|
