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174 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 dz's that Treponema, Brachyspria causes?
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human sypillus
rabbit syphillis swine dysterny |
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What is B. hyodysenteriae?
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swine dysterny
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O2 affinity
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anaerobic O2 tolerant
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location
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limited to the intestine
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carriers
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pigs (rats and mice temporarily)
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pathogenesis
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fecal oral infection-> colonic goblet cell invasion-> mucus secretion-> cell proliferation -> muco-hemorrhagic colitis-> bld + mucus- feces, colonic malabsorption-> dehydration, acidosis
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where else can swine dysentery survive?
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in anaerobic pits and even fences contaminated with feces for some time. Rats can be temporary carriers.
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what are clinical signs?
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lesions, hemorrhagic colitis
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diagnosis?
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clinical signs, microscopic examination of feces or colon content (india ink negative stain, wet mount, gram or giemsa) culture on special BA (anaerobic), PCR, serology- limited use
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control
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Abx (tylosin) in feed for prevention and tx. effective, sanitation/ disinfection concurrently.
rest for 60 d. (organism dies off) replacement pigs- from known source. Quarantine and meds. |
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what is another name for Borrelia B. burgdorferi ?
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LYME DZ
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animal
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dogs
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transmission
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tick bourne-> multiplication-> inflam. response -> blood invasion -> musculoskeletal system (also heart, CNS) -> accum. in synovial fluid-> arthritis
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signs
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fever, polyarthritis, lameness (only 5% of dogs show signs) rarely affects kidneys-> nephritis-often fatal
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diagnosis
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history of tick, response to Abx, serology (IFA, ELISA), direct exam. of body fluids, Giemsa stain, FA, dark field.
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treatment/ control
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doxycycline for 4 weeks,
vax (outer sheath Ag) tick control |
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where non spore-forming anaerobe infections derived from?
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normal flora, bite wounds
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treatment
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penicillins, metronidazole, clidamycin
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what are some examples of non spore-forming gram neg. rod anaerobes?
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Fusobacterium, bacterioides, dichelobacter: several conditions
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what are some examples of non spore-forming gram +ve rod anaerobes?
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eubacterium suis:
porcine cystitis and pyelonephritis |
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what are some examples of non spore-forming gram + cocci anaerobes?
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peptostreptococcus: suppurative conditions
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what are some examples of non spore-forming gram neg. anaerboes?
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veillonella: found in mixed infections
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what does Fusobacterium necrophorum look like under the microscope?
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gram -ve long rods with sweeping curves
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location
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commensal of GIT
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dz's
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calf diphteria
bovine rumenitis-liver abcess foot rot in sheep |
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what two bacteria cause bovine rumenitis-liver abcess complx
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fusobacterium necrophorum + arcanobacterium pyogenes
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diagnosis?
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abscess smear
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what 2 bacteria cause ovine foot rot?
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dichelobacter nodosus + fusobacterium ne
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diagnosis?
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clinical signs, incl. lameness
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treatment
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penicillin + streptomycin injection
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what two bacteria cause bovine rumenitis-liver abcess complx
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fusobacterium necrophorum + arcanobacterium pyogenes
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diagnosis?
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abscess smear
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what 2 bacteria cause ovine foot rot?
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dichelobacter nodosus + fusobacterium ne
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diagnosis?
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clinical signs, incl. lameness
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treatment
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penicillin + streptomycin injection, trimming of feet, foot bath (5% formalin), zinc sulfate in feed, vax. (most contain pili Ag of D. nodosus)
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what 2 bacteria cause bovine interdigital dermatitis?
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fusobacterium necrophorum + porphyromonas (bacterioides) levii
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how do we see Mycoplasma?
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lack of cell wall, does not gram stain, difficult to visualize very small, pass through bacterial filters, plemorphic; ring-like forms, spiral or filaments
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medium
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grown on soft agar media w/ 20% serum, penicillin, thalium acetate to inhibit reg. bacteria
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what does mycoplamsa look like from the top?
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fried egg appearance
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stain?
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dienes stain
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how is growth inhibited?
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by specific antiserum
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diagnosis?
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serological tests: detection of Ab's w/ ELISA, agglutination, hemagglutination inhibition
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what are the 5 virulence factors of mycoplasma?
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1. attachment to mucosa via capsular material
2. cytotoxins, endotoxin in some 3. hydrogen peroxide-> cell injury 4. metabolic competition- some deplete arginine-> lymphocyte func. reduced 5. surface Ag variation |
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transmission
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endogenous or exogenous, aerosol (inhalation), venereal, vertical (in utero/ via egg)
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intractable
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adj. not easily managed
intractable economic problems | intractable pain. |
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tx. control
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tetracycline, tylosin, erythromycin, tiamulin, lincomycin, spectinomycin, enrofloxacin.
vax. don't erradicate. admit only SPF animals in dz free herds, flocks |
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location?
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mucosa, mostly host specific, environmental survival is short
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Bovine mastitis dz's in US and Canada caused by mycoplasma
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contaigous agalactia. M. bovix and rarely other species- reduced/ abnormal milk, high SCC.
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tx. control?
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identify, cull infected cow. treatment is not effective
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what dz's does M. bovis cause?
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gential tract infections, aberrant estrus cycles, less common: vaginitis, endometritis, seminal vesiculitis.
capable of systemic invasion-> arthritis, pnemonia. |
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what dz does M. dispar cause?
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pnemonia in calves
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what is CBPP?
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bovine dz contagious bovine pleuropnemonia. caused by m. mycoides
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what are the signs of m.mycoides?
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high fever, labored breathing, cough, head extended, mucopurulent nasal discharge, possible death in 1-3 wks.
marbling on lungs |
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diagnosis
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signs, pm lesions, FA test on pleural fluid. ELISA, agglutination tests for Ab's
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differential diagnosis
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pnemonic pasteurella/ mannheimia infections, hemorrhagic septicemia
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prevention
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serological tests (alugg, ELISA) of cattle before importation. Test and slaughter policy in dz free areas, treatment will lead to carrier state, not recommended. Vax. (live) in endemic areas. Not in US or Canada
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what dz does M. agalactiae cause?
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sheep and goats, worldwide; mostly problem in Europe- severe mastitis, reduced milk- may result in complete fibrosis; septicemia, death in 20% of affected animals, arthritis may follow in survivors
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treatment
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tetracycline may be useful, for control cull affected animals
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what dz does M. capricoloum cause?
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contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) exotic for US and Canada
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where is M. capricolum live?
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several countries in africa, middle east.
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media
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agent: fragile and difficult to isolate and grow, very fragile dies in transport
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at what age are goats affected and how long is the incubation>
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all ages of goats
10 days |
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what are the signs of CCPP
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fever, accelerated resp. -> violent coughing, extended neck, continous salivation, mucopurulent discharge from nose, inability to move, death. Milder signs in subacute, chronic forms.
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lesions
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pleuropnemonia, hepatization, adhesion, pleuritis, accumulation of pleural fluid.
Pleural exudate can solidify to form a gelatinous covering on the lung. no thickening of interlobular tissue dzed lung appear granular, liver-like |
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diagnosis
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submit pleural fluid, section of hepatinized lung at interface of normal/ dzed tissue and serum to CERTIFIED lab
frozen samples are best; send in ice if samples reaches in<2 d. special mycoplasma culture media are used pleural fluid dried on paper can be sent for PCR serodiagnosis done by latex agglu. tests |
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prevention and control
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rapid diagnosis and slaughter of affected and in contact animals.
vax and Abx sonicated Ag's emulsified in adjuvant stain inactivated w/ saponin Abx: tetracyclines, tylosin, tiamulin |
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what is MAKePS syndrome in goats?
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worldwide
mastitis arthritis keratitis pneumonia septicemia various mycoplasmas involved tetracycline is usedful mastitis cases cannot be treated effectively, cull. |
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M. Eperythrozoon ovis. causes what?
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eperythrozoonosis worldwide, arthropods may be involved
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signs
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lambs- fever, anemia, enlarged soft spleen.
Ewes- may be carriers death can occur |
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diagnosis
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blood smear, FA on body fluids
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treatment
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tetracylines
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M hyopenmoniae (swine mycoplasmoses) causes what?
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enzootic pneumonia, worldwide, all ages
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transmission
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poor ventilation, overcrowding preciptiate,
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signs
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coughing, poor growth
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diagnosis
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FA on sample, culture
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treatment, prevention
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drugs: tylosin, tiamulin, linomycin
vax. poor protection prevention by development of SPF herds |
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what does M. hyorhins cause?
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chronic polyserositis, arthritis in young pigs (<10 wks age), fever, labored breathing, lameness, swollen joints. Serofibrinous pleurisy, pericarditis, peritonistis.
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diagnosis?
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lesions, culture, rule out hemophilus parasuis, streptococcus suis
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treatment
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tylosin or lincomycin, early administration
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M. hyosynoviae, what does it cause?
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polyarhritis in pigs 10-30 wks age.
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diganosis
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culture ID
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preventino
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early weaning, prophalyactic administration of tylosin in feed in problem herds. no vax. available
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what are the 3 poultry mycoplasmoses?
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M. gallispeticum
M. meleagridis M. synoviae |
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what does M. gallisepticum cause?
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chronic respiratory dz (CRD) in chickens; infectious sinusisits (IS) in turkeys- both worldwide.
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signs
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CRD- nasal discharge, tracheal rales, coughing, sneezing
IS- swelling of paranasal sinuses, mild conjunctivitis,decreased growth and egg production |
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diganosis
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culture, HI on serum
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treatment
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tetracyclines in feed, tylosin in water
treat eggs w/ tylosin, heating to 46.1 C vax. are available (varying efficacy, partial protection) |
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what does M. meleagridis cause?
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turkey pathogen, worldwide, egg transmitted
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signs
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reduced hatchibitily, air saccultis in poult, poor growth, skeletal abnomalities-> lameness
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diagnosis
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culture, confirm with FA
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diganosis
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culture, HI on serum
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treatment
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tetracyclines in feed, tylosin in water
treat eggs w/ tylosin, heating to 46.1 C vax. are available (varying efficacy, partial protection) |
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what does M. meleagridis cause?
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turkey pathogen, worldwide, egg transmitted
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signs
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reduced hatchibitily, air saccultis in poult, poor growth, skeletal abnomalities-> lameness
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diagnosis
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culture, confirm with FA, serology plate agglut. test
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treatment of M. meleagridis?
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tiamulin in water for first 10 days of life
use Mm-free eggs- egg dipping no vax. |
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M. synoviae
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infectious synoviatis in poultry
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signs
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synovitis, arthritis (lameness), resp. signs-nasal discharge, rales.
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transmission
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aerosol
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diagnosis
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culture, serology
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treatment
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tetracycline in feed or lincomycin-spectinomycin in water.
develop SPF flocks, acquire stock from ms-free flocks |
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few canine mycoplasmoses are assoc. with dz in dogs, but normal healthy dogs also may carry these
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M. cynos- kennel cough complex
M. canis- endometritis, infertility ureaplasma- infertility M. hemocanis- infectious anemia |
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M. hemocanis
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infectious anemia of splenectomized or immunocompromised dogs
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signs
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progressive anemia, lethargy, weight loss, fever, anorexia, death
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transmission
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tick transmission
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diganosis
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coccoid organism seen on RBCs in stained blood films, PCR, isolation by culture difficult.
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treatment
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doxycycline used in acute cases
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3 types of Feline Mycoplamoses
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M. felis
M. gatae M. haemofelis |
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M. felis
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conjunctivitis in young cats; possible role in resp. dz, arthritis
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M. gatae
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may be involved chronic arthritits/ tenosynovitis
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M. hemofelis
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hemobaroenlla- feline infectious anemia, contagoius dz. esp. in flea infested free roaming cats <3 yrs. old
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transmission
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bit wounds, vertical
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signs
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severe hemolytic anemia, death or chronic, weak carriers
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diagnosis
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blood smear, FA, PCR, non-culturable
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treatment
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tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, blood transfusion
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mycoplasmosis in other animals
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horses- uncommon
M. felis-pleuritis, pneumonia reported M. equigenitalium- implicated in abortion rats/ mice; m. pulmonis, respiratory dz |
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CBPP
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bovine
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CCPP
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ovine
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clamydophila and chlamydiae look like what?
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spherical, minute intracellular pathogens. Possess LPS no peptidoglycan. Gram stain, no good. need modiefied Ziehl-Neelsen, Giemsa, methylene blue
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diagnosis
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FAT, ELISA for Ag's
serol diagnosis- for Ab's |
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can cultures be done on chlyamydophila and chlaydiae?
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no, they are not culturalbe on regular bact. media; chick embryo's; tissue culture, PCR detection
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pathogenesis
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mostly inapparent, persistant infection. Elementary bodies (infective stage) bind to host cell receptors-> entry-> reticulate bodies in cell vacuole (inclusion body) -> division to numerous elementary bodies-> cell lysis-> infection of other cells -> host cytokines -> local tissue damage
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Chlyamydophila psittaci, avian chlamydiosis
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subclinical infection bommon domestic and wild birds. Infection via inhaling or ingestion, stress predisposes.
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signs
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generalized infection, loss of condition, nasal and ocular discharges, d+, resp distress. PM; hepatosplenomegaly, airsacculitis, periotnitis
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diagnosis
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antigen detection by ELISA kits or immunohistochemistry, FAT modified Ziehl-Neelsen (MZN) stain, PCR
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Ab detection
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ELISA
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treatment/ control
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tetracyclines, quarantine imported psittacine birds, prophylactic teracycline in feed. proper husbandy, transportation, prevent zoonotic hazard- aerosol inhalation
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chlamydophila felis
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endemic among domestic cats . acute, chronic, or recurrent conjunctivitis, rarely pnemonia, zoonotic infection in humans, flu-like illness, chronic cough
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treatment and prevention
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vax to reduce severity
treatment w/ tetracycline |
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erlichia canis
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fever, dyspnea, lymphadeonpathy, oculnasal discarge, epistaxis, peripheral edema (vasculitis)
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pathogenesis
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tick bite- blood invasion- monocyte lymphocyte infection- lymph node, spleen, liver, lung, nasal mucosa- hemorrhages
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diagnosis
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intreacell. inclusions in buffy coat, thromobocytopenia, FA, ELISA, cell culture isolation, PCR
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treatment
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doxycycline, blood transfusion, tick control
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Erlichia ewingii
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Canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis, neutrophils are primary targets
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geographic location
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virginia, N. Carolina
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signs
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transient polyarthritis, fever, anemia, thrombocytopenia
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treatment
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recovery w/o treatment is common, doxycycline
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diagnosis
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multiple morulae in neurophil
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Rickettsia rickettsii
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rocky mountain spotted fever
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signs
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black measles (fever, headache, rash)- humans
dogs- hyperemia, edema or necrosis of extremities, petecial hemorrhages on mucus membranes, fever, necrotizing vasculitis |
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transmission
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ticks- resevoirs and vectors
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treatment
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doxycycline if given in 5 days of onset.
gloves should be worn while removing ticks |
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Neorickettsia Helminthoeca
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salmon poisoning dz of dogs
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geo. location
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cali, oregon, washington
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transmission
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only bacterial pathogen transmitted through a fluke-> neorickettsia-> intestine- blood, spleen, liver, lung, brain
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signs
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v+, bloody d+, death >50% cases
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diagnosis
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fluke egg in feces
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treatment
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tetracyclines or chloramphenicol
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what are the types of Anaplasma phagocytophilum?
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equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis
canine anaplasmosis |
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equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis
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fever, limb edema, jaundice, petchial hemorrhages.
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transmission
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tick bite
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diagnosis
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inclusion bodies in blood films
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treatment
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recovery in 3 weeks
oxytetracycline |
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canine anaplasmosis
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polyarhritis like lyme dz
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transmission
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tick bourne
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diagnosis
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morulae in neutrophils (blood, joint fluid)
dogs >8yrs affected FA test |
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treatment
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doxycycline
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Potomac horse fever
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neorickettsia/ ehrlicia riticii
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geo location
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US, low areas near water
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transmission
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snails, aquatic insects may be involved
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signs
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colitis, d+, leukopenia, fever, abortion up to 30% death
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treatment/ px.
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oxytetracycline, commerical bacterins partial protection
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Q (query) fever
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coxiella burnetii
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animals
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goats
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signs
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abortion, placenta, fluids ineffective
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treatment/ px
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tetracyclines
vax |
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diagnosis
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goat placental smears, modified ziehl-Neelsen stain
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heartwater
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ehrilicai ruminantium
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transmission
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tick-bourne ruminatns
birds (cattle egret) spread |
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geo location
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caribbean
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signs
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fluid around the heart, lungs
convulsions, death |
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bartonella henselae
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cat scratch dz
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diagnosis
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20% of US cats carriers, test blood by culture, PCR, Ab detection not reliable
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treatment
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enrofloxacin or doxycycline used to clear infection
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