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106 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Darkfield microscopy?
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spirochetes
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Good way to id spirochetes?
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motile, can get through viscous material, that can be used identify them
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What is the advantage of endoflagella and who has them?
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-spirochetes, avoid host defenses
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Skin rash, arthritis, heart and nervous system affected, what disease caused by what organism.
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Lyme disease caused by borrelia burgdorferi
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What is the basis for a lyme disease vaccine?
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-OspC on the surface after ticks have been fed
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Which organisms have a cyst form assoc with them and why do they form cysts?
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spirochetes form cysts. do this when growth conditions aren't ideal
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Pathogenic leptospira?
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interrogans
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How does leptospira damage the liver and kidney?
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-vasculitis
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How can the use of bactrins lead to outbreaks of other types of leptospira often seen in dogs first
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use of bactrins will knock back canicola so other strains can become pathogenic. often you will see these strains break in dogs before humans, that is why vets and public health people have to be aware of this issue
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What kind of disease is swine dysentery and what causes it?
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-polymicrobial disease
-caused by brachyspira hyodysenteria |
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End on end attachment is diagnostic for?
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-brachyspira pilosicolii
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Mechanisms behind super antigen and who has it?
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staph and strep
TOXIC shock: -increased T cell proliferation=increased cytokine production=toxic shock |
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Hallmark of this organism is abscesses.
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-staph
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Staph catalase test?
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catalase positive (except epidermidis is negative)
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What is the only staph that is catalase negative?
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-epidermidis
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What differentiates intermedius?
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staph intermedius=only ONPG positive staph
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1-7 week old pig, greasy exudate?
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greasy pig=staph hyicus
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How does staph hyicus cause skin damage?
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-exfoliant toxin=desmoiden? breaks apart cells
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Who has protein A and what does it do?
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staph
protein A: disrupts phagocytosis by sitting on the surface of staph and making it fit with IgG and the PMN cell |
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What are the two virulence factors of staph?
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-capsules
-protein A |
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stage of abscess formation with staph:
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1. release of bacteria
2. neutrophils infiltrate 3. neutrophils lyse because of staph leukocidin (toxin) and hemolysin 4. damaged neutrophils release lysosomal enzymes 5. abscess formation |
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Catalase test of strep?
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catalase negative
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Virulence factors of strep?
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capsule
M protein |
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How you differentiate strep?
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Lancefield grouping
Lanceield typing |
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why is strep more invasive than staph?
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streptokinase, hyaluronidase, DNAse, thinner spreading exudate (can't get walled off), no coagulase, proteases, amylases=all degrade host tissue and spread throughout the body
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Horse: high fever, nasal discharge, not eating, swelling around the throat? what is it and what is causing it?
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strep equi=strangles
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Complication of strangles that leads to abscesses in the thorax and abdomen?
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-bastard strangles
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What is purpura hemorrhagica and what bact is it assoc with?
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-allergic reaction to M protein of strep
-strep equi -it is on a buckskin horse with swollen stifle joint (really the LN) and big, bloody nose |
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Three streps that cause mastitis?
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S. agalactia, S. dysgalactiae, S. uberis
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Toxic shock LIKE symptoms caused by?
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strep suis
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Cause of swine strangles?
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strep porcinus
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Human streps?
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scarlet fever, impetigo pattern
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Cause of scarlet fever?
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-Strep
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flesh eating bacteria? necrotizing disease.
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strep pyogenes
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Bacillus: what kind of o2?
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aerobic
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Who forms spores and when?
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bacillus only in aerobic conditions
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Process of sporulation and who does this?
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bacillus:
1. chromosome replicates 2. septum forms 3. bacterium engulfs spore 4. peptidoglycan around spore 5. protein coat around peptidoglycan and spore |
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Causes acute, fatal, gangrenous mastitis and abortion
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Bacillus cereus
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What are the two forms of B. cereus?
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emetic form and diarrheal form
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Diagnose: non-hemolytic or narrow zone hemolysis, "ground glass" colonies, medusa edges, and nonmotile?
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bacillus anthracis
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Sudden onset, high fever, bleeding from openings, edema and peracute death?
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bacillus anthracis
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Wool sorters disease, cause and specific type of diease?
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bacillus anthracis
-respiratory anthrax |
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Two major virulence factors of bacillus anthracis?
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exotoxin
capsule |
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What are the three types of exotoxin for b. anthracis?
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I: EF
II: PA III: LF |
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What is the most important factor required for active bacillus anthracis?
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PA
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why is PA essential for the active from of bacillus anthracis?
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forms pore and allows toxin to get endocytosed and survive
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EF + PA?
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edema through increased cAMP
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EF and LF?
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inactive bc you don't have PA
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PA and LF?
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cell death through inhibition of cell signalling
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Club shaped and palisade formation, chinese letter formation?
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corynebacterium
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Old cells of corynebacterium have what assoc with them?
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phosphate granules=gives them metachromatic staining characteristic
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Cause of caseous lymphadenitis?
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-corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
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Lymph node on the neck of a goat is enlarged. You take lymph node out and it has "cheesy" consistency?
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caseous lymphadenitis=corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
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White or tan goat with a lump on the neck...disease?
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caseous lymphadenitis
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Cause of posthitis?
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-pizzle rot caused by corynebacterium renale
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Pathogenesis of pizzle rot?
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-produce urease, alkaline urine, causes irritation, makes a good place for corynebacterium renale to set up shop
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Arcanobacterium pyogenes?
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PLO=pyolysin
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CMN group?
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-all have mycolic acids
-corynebacterium, rhodococcus, mycobacterium and nocardia |
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Foal pneumonia?
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rhodococcus equi
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Pyogranuloma, ulcerative colitis, enteritis with mesenteric lymph nodes enlarged?
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foal pneumonia: R. equi
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Who has VAP and what does it determine?
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R. equi
if you lose VAP you lose virulence |
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Diamon skin disease? Cause and another name for it?
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erysipelothrix rhusiopathea
aka erysipelas |
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What does each form of E. rhusiopathiae cause?
1. acute 2. subacute 3. chronic |
1. acute=septic embolism
2. subacute=endocarditis 3. chronic=arthritis |
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High fever, refuse to eat, walk stiffly, reluctant move, enlarged spleen on necropsy in a pig?
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-E. rhusiopathia. Erysipelas
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This grows well at 4-50 degrees C?
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-listeria
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Use CAMP to id this one.
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listeria: CAMP originally developed for S. agalactiae (mastitis) but now used for listeria. trick is to not touch the streaks together when you put them on the plate
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four types of listeria?
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1. intestinal
2. abortive 3. septicemic 4. neural |
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Cow: incoordination, seizures, facial paralysis, circling, death due to dehydration and starvation, what cuase it?
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neural listeriosis
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Stages of listeria infection?
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internalization, escape phagosome, nucleation of actin filaments (polymerization), CELL TO CELL SPREAD, membrane vacuole releases a bunch of crap
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Cord factor: what is it and who has it?
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cord factor-type of mycolic acid
-CMN group has it |
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Lipid richness of what group confers what?
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Lipid richness of CMN confers:
hydrophobicity resistance to acid and alkali resitance to humoral defense resistance to common antibact tx |
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How do you enrich for mycobacterium?
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1:1000 bleach or 2% NaOH
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Cause of human TB?
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mycobacterium tuberculosis
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mycobacterium causes what kind of response?
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granulomatous response
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Establishmend of balance with mycobacterium infection?
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1. inhaled via aerosols
2. inside macrophages=resist destruction 3. macrophage activation by T cells can overcome this (except in HIV/AIDS immunocompromised people who's T cells are under attack already! |
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How does mycobacterium inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion?
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-enter macrophage
-recruit TACO -activate calcium for phosphatase calcineurin -TB secretes SapM and serine/threonine kinase PKnG to prevent phagosome-lysosome fusion |
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Cause of TB in cattle?
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mycobacterium bovis
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Cause of Johne's disease?
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mycobacterium avium complex subspecies paratuberculosis
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See a guernsey cow with cachexia, what does she have?
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-johne's disease
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See pic of ileum that is proliferated, what is it?
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Johne's
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Who has intracellular and extracellular capabilities (broad group)
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obligate bacteria
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Extracellular bacteria: how do they damage?
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-secrete enzymes and proteases
-opsonization of antibodies |
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Intracellular parasites?
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multiply within phagocytes
recrudescent |
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True obligate intracellular parasite?
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-restricted to intracellular habitat
-rickettsia and the chlam (chlamydia) |
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Facultative intracellular parasites?
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can live inside or outside
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who has oxygen dependent or oxygen independent killing?
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obligate intracellular pathogens
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How does oxygen dependent killing occur?
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-use resp burst
which makes superoxide anion |
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Four babies of superoxide?
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1. singlet o2
2. H2O2: peroxide 3. hypochlorite: bleach 4. hydroxyl radical |
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Why can obligate intracellular parasites deal with superoxide?
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phosphatase
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Primary energy source for rickettsia?
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-glutamate
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who uses glutamate for energy?
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-rickettsia
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Rash, dyspnea, hypotension, coma, seixures, mental confusion, delirium, fever, headache?
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-typhus caused by rickettsia prowazekii
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How do you treat for typhus?
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tetracyclin
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Pancytopenia, nose bleed, hypergammagobulinemia, anemia, lymphadenopathy
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Ehrlichia
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Dog from pacific nw, dehydrated, loss of blood, shock?
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neorickettsia helminthoeca
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Cause of Potomac Horse fever?
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Neorickettsia risticii (in notes it is ehrlichia, but he changed it today...whatever)
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Q fever?
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coxiella burnettii
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Target RBCs, anemia, fever?
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anaplasma MARGINalis
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who is ided with acridine orange or giemsa?
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anaplasma
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Hemobartonella renamed?
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mycoplasma haemofilis or mycoplasma haemominutum?
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Same as feline mycoplasmosis?
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-eperythrozoon
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Swollen, enlarged LN aka lymphadenopathy?
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-Cat scratch fever-bartonella henselae
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Who has elementary bodies and reticulate bodies and which is infectious and which is not?
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the chlam
-elementary: infectious -reticulate: noninfectious |
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How does the chlam differ from rickettsia?
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the chlam: not free in cytoplasm like rickettsia (it just gets to run a muck!)
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anorexia, green diarrhea (gross), nasal discharge, eyes pasted shut, emaciated, dehydated in a feathered friend.
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the CHLAM again!
-chlamydia psittaci (avian psittacosis) |
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How to treat the chlam in a bird?
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tetracyclin solves all of our problems
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