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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anaplasma marginale
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anemia in ruminants, RBC inclusions, located in margin of cells, no hemoglobinuria
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Anaplasma centrale
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anemia in ruminants, RBC inclusions, located in center
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Ehrlichia ruminatum
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Heartwater disease (Africa/Caribbean, endothelial cells)
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Ehrlichia canis
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CME (monocyte inclusions, replicate in phagolysosome)
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Ehrlichia ewingii
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granulocyte inclusions, phagolysosome
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Anaplasma phagocytophilum
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Human granulocytotropic ehrlichiosis/Equine ehrlichiosis
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Neorickettsia risticii
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potomac fever, fluke/snail cycle transmission
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Rickettsia ricketsii
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rocky mt. spotted fever, endothelial cells, inclusions throughout cytoplasm
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Chlamydia psittaci
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Avian chlamyidosis in birds, Ornithosis in humans
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Rickettsia family
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obligate intracellular pathogen, fastidious, arthropod vector, do not grow on lab medium, diphasic life cycle
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Chlamydia family
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obligate intracellular pathogen, alternates between reticular body and elementary body, can't make its own ATP
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Chlamydia abortus
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sheep/cattle, enzootic ovine abortion
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Chlamydia pecorum
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sporadic bovine encephalomyelitis (not tested on yet)
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Reticular body
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replicating inside of cell, metabolically active, non-infective, intracellular multiplying form
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Elementary body
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infective of other host cells, metabolically quiescent
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Coxiella burnetti
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Q fever in humans but has a WIDE range of mammalian hosts, Small cell variant can be inhaled or ingested, large cell variant replicates in eukaryotic cells, obligate intracellular
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Mycoplasma family (Mollicutes)
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no cell wall, cholesterol in cell membrane, small size, will not gram stain b/c of lack of cell wall, can't use penicillins, etc, colonize epithelial/mucosa respiratory, mammarym repro tract (hemoplasmas included-anemia, not culturable in lab, attach to RBC's), no intracellular phase, H202 kills host cells, faculatative anaerobe
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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walking pneumonia
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Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides
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historical: contagious bovine pleuropnemonia
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Mycoplasma bovis
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mastitis
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Mycoplasam gallisepticum
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chicken turkey tracheitis
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Mycoplasma synoviae
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chicken turkey arthritis, synovitis
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Mycoplasma melagridis
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turkey (no chickens) traceitis
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Mycoplasma haemo-
felis, canis, uris (mouse), ovis |
anemia
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ureaplasmas (diversum, urealyticum)
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urethritis and vaginitis
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gram positive bacterial characteristics
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thick peptidoglycan wall, teichoic and lipoteichoic acids, s layer, secrete exotoxins and exoenzymes
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Staph vs Strep
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test for catalase (staph +, strep -)
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Pathogenic vs non-pathogenic staph
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test for coagulase (pathogenic +)
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Staphylcoccus
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faculatative anaerobes, bacitracin and pencillin resistant, selective agar is mannitol salt agar, protein A for disguise, enterotoxins in food poisoning, TSS, hemolysins, most infections cause double zone hemolysins
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Staph aureus
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suppurative abscesses, Mastitis (use CMT to detect subclinical infecton)
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Staph pseudintermedius
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coag +, pyoderma, urolithiasis
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staph hyicus
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greasy pig disease, exudative epidermitis
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staph epidermidis
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coag -, only infects debilitated hosts
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Streptococcus family
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catalase -, aerotolerant anaerobic, lancefield groupings, alpha, beta, gamma hemolysins
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strep pyogens
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strep throat, M protein (prevents phagocytosis), hyalarounic capsule, beta hemolytic group A
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staph pneumoniae
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pneumonia, polysaccharide capsule, PspA (protective antigen), group A, alpha hemolysis
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strep agalactiae
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contagious bovine mastitis, CAMP +, associated with a carrier cow
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strep dysgalactiae
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environmental bovine mastitis, like pyogenes
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strep equi equi
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like s. pyogens, STRANGLES, highly contagious
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strep canis
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vaginitis
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strep suis
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zoonotic in Asia, sialic acid capsule
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strep porcinus
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jowl abscesses, pig strangles
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Clostridia family
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obligate anaerobic, oxygen is toxic, spore forming, gram stain variable, neurotoxic, histotoxic, enterotoxic
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clostridium botulinum
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Muscle paralysis flaccid limberneck, PNS, prevents release of Ach
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Clostridium tetani
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Spastic muscle paralysis, lockjaw, blocks the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters
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Clostridium perfringens type A
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Myonecrosis, gas gangrene or necrotizing enterocolitis in poultry
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Clostridium chauvoei
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Blackleg, cattle and sheep, like c. septicum
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Clostridium haemolyticum
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ruminants, Redwater disease, hemoglobinuria and hemolyic anemia, from fluke infection
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Clostridium septicum
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Malignant edema, very motile
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Clostridium novyi (type A and B)
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rams- big head disease
cattle, sheep- black disease, liver flukes release germinated spores |
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Clostridium perfringens (Type B and C)
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lambs- lamb dysentary
calves, pigs, foals- necrotizing enterocolitis |
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Clostridium perfringens (Type D)
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Pulpy Kidney Disease, Overeating disease- changes in normal flora allows for bad bacterial overgrowth, transient bacteria of the gut
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Clostridium difficle
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swine- Neonatal enterocolitis (mesocolonic edema)
humans- pseudomembranous colitis very sensitive to oxygen, hard to culture |
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Order Actinomycetales
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some are acid fast but not all!
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Genus mycobacterium
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obligate aerobes, produce lipids/waxy coat, myco is acid fast
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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faculatative intracellular parasite of phagosomes, tuberculosis in humans, because bacteria lives in the macrophages it has to get walled off in a granuloma
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Mycobacterium bovis
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Cattle tuberculosis, caseous tubercles in lungs, can pass it in the milk, need to pasteurize milk
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Mycobacterium avium avium
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bird tuberculosis, not a big problem in industry
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mycobacterium paratuberculosis
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cattle Johne's Disease, wasting, lesions in lungs are not caseous, long incubation time
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monocytes are host cells for what disease?
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E. canis (inclsuions within leukocytes)
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endothelial cells are target to what disease?
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Rickettsia rickettsii (rocky mt.)
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coxiella affects how many species?
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a lot (125 plus)
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Which of following is a reportable disease in cattle?
Ehrlichia ruminatum Chlamydia abortus Anaplasma marginale |
A. marginale
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Anaplasma infects what cells?
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RBC's
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Chlamydial species of greatest importance to vet med?
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C. psittaci
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Are Chlamydia species obligate or faculatative intracellular pathogens?
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Obligate b/c it can't make its own ATP, same as rickettsial species?
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Chlamydial replication occurs where?
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in endosomal vesicles, within reticulate body
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Coxiella burnetti is transmitted how?
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inhalation, ingestion
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Name an example of a) a respiratory Mycoplasma species, b) the disease or syndrome it causes and c) the host affected.
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Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia Cattle |
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Name an example of a) an extra-respiratory (e.g., genitourinary) Mycoplasma species, b) the disease or syndrome it causes and c) the host affected
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Mycoplasma synoviae
synovitis poultry |
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Name an example of a) a hemoplasma (genus and species), b) the syndrome caused and c) the host affected.
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Microplasma haemofelis
feline infectious anemia cat |
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The staphylococci have three general groups of virulence factors: a) cell surface components, b) exotoxins, and c) exoenzymes. Provide an example of each, its activity (i.e., the property we can measure in the laboratory) and (or) the factor’s likely (or proposed) role in enhancing virulence if suspected.
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Cell surface component: Protein A, antiphagocytic antigen on cell wall, immunological disguise
Exotoxin: Alpha-toxin - causes hemolysis, lethal when injected IV into rabbits Exoenzyme: Coagulase - converts fibrinogen to fibrin, clots plasma impedes phagocyte migration |
