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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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aldehydes
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Biocide. high level of activity. Crosslinks cell membranes Formaldehyde / glutaraldehyde.
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alcohols
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Biocide. medium activity. Disrupts cell membrane leading to lysis
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halogens
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Biocide. medium activity. MOA unknown (oxidation?). Hypochlorite / iodine
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phenolics
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Biocide. medium activity (phenol and cresol) or low level (others). Disrupts cell wall.
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QATs
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Biocide. low activity. Acts on plasma membrane
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biguanides
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Biocide.low activity; unknown
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ethylene oxide
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Biocide. alkylating agent; sterilant
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hydrogen peroxide
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Biocide. activity based on concentration. Acts through gneeration of the hydroxyl radical and superoxide ions that attack membrane lipids and DNA
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EDTA-tris
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Biocide. low activity, chelates divalent cations and increases permeability of outer membrane
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b lactams
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Antibacterial. -Cidal. bind to the enzymes (PBP/transpeptidase) involved in the production of peptidoglycan (inhibit final staages). Includes penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems.
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glycopeptides
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antibacterial. -Cidal. inhibit cell wall synth by blocking peptidoglycan assembly. NO FOOD ANIMAL USE. Very expensive.
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chloramphenicol
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antibacterial. Static. Inhibit protein synth by binding to 50S ribosome subunit. NO FOOD ANIMALS (Aplastic anemia). Broad spectrum.
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florfenicol
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antibacterial. Static. Inhibit protein synth by binding to 50S ribosome subunit.
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macrolides
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antibacterial. Static. Inhibit protein synth by binding to 50S ribosome subunit. Good against itnracellulcar bacteria; accumulates in Macrophages
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lincosamides
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antibacterial. Inhibit protein synth by binding to 50S ribosome subunit
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sulfonamides
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antibacterial. Static. Affects nucuelic acid by competitive inhibition with PABA. Issues with resistance.
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fluoroquinolones
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antibacterial. Cidal. Interact with DNA gyrase to inhibit DNA replication. Not a first choice drug.
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rifampin
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antibacterial. Static. Binds to b subunit of rna polymerase resulting in abortive mrna synth (Transcription). Good penetration into phagocytic cells; use in combination.
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metronidazole
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antibacterial. Cidal. Causes extensive breakage of dna strands and inhibits dna repair enzymes. NO FOOD ANIMAL. Works on anaerobes and some protozoa
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polymixins
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antibacterial. Cidal. Disrupt the cell membrane phospholipds by binding to lipid A region of LPS (cationic surface disruptor). Used topically
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nitrofurans
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antibacterial. -static. Degraded by bacterial enzymes to poorly characterized products that cause dna breakage. NO FOOD ANIMALS.
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aminoglycosides
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antibacterial. -Cidal. Inhibit protein synth by binding to 30s ribosome subunit. Gram negative activity.
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tetracyclines
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antibacterial. -Static. Inhibit protein synth by binding to 30s ribosome subunit. Broad spectrum.
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polyenes
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antifungal. Cidal. Bind to sterols (ergosterol) in cytoplasmic membrane of cells causing a loss of selective permeability due to channel formation, leakage of nutrients and elctroytres, and cell death. TOXIC!
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azoles
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antifungal. Inhibits synth of cell membrane sterols (ergosterol synthesis inhibitor). Fungistatic
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allylamines
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antifungal. Cidal or static dependent on compound. Inhibit squalene epoxidase (biosynth of ergosterol). Accumulates in keratinized tissues.
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echinocandins
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antifungal. Inhibit cell wall production by inhibiting beta glucan synthesis. Cidal against candida, static against aspergillus
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griseofulvin
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antifungal. Static. inhibit mitosis in fungal cells by disruption of the mitoti spindle (Arrest in metaphase). Localizes in basal cells of epidermis; delay after admin. ONLY For dermatophytes
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flucytosine
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antifungal. Static. fluorinated pyrimidine that is metabolized by susceptibe yeasts to f-fluorouracil which results in perverted mRNA. Used in combo only
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iodides
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antifungal. Static. Unknown; thought to be due to enhancement of halide-peroxide killing system of phagocytes. Side effect: iodism
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name the antibiotics that affect nucleic acids
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sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, rifampin, metronidazole, nitrofurans
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name the antibacterials that inhibit protein synthesis
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aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, chlopramphenicol, lincosamides, macrolides, nitrofurans
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