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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the action of the trapezius?
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adduct, elevates, depresses, and rotates scapula
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What is the action of the levator scapulae?
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elevates scapula
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What is the action of the rhomboid minor?
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adducts scapula
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What is the action of the rhomboid minor?
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adducts scapula
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What is the action of the latissimus dorsi?
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adducts, extends & rotates arm medially
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What is the action of the serratus posterior superior?
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elevates ribs
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What is the action of the serratus posterior inferior?
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depresses ribs
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What 2 muscles are responsible for adducting the scapula?
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rhomboid major & minor
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What are 6 causes of back pain?
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spinal cord, spinal nerves, vertebral bodies, intervertebral joints, intervertebral ligaments, and muscles
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What are some differential diagnosis for back pain? (9)
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intervertebral disc rupture and herniation
nerve inflammation or compression degenerative changes in vertebral facet joints metabolic bone disease abdominal aneurysm metastatic caner myofascial disorders back stain & sprain |
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What are the superficial (extrinsic) back muscles innervated by?
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ventral rami or spinal nerves (not dorsal)
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What are the intermediate layers of back muscles called?
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erector spinae
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What are the erector spinae contained within?
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thoracolumbar fascia
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What are the intermediate (extrinsic) and deep back muscles (intrinsic) innervated by?
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dorsal rami of spinal nerves
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What are the three muscles that make up the erector spinae from medial to lateral?
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spinalis
longissimus iliocostalis |
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Where do iliocostalis muscles insesrt?
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onto RIBS and cervical transverse processes
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Where do longissimus muscles insert?
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onto ribs TRANSVERSE PROCESSES of thoracic and cerfvical vertebrae and mastoid process of temporal bone
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Where do spinalis muscles insert?
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onto SPINOUS PROCESS of vertebrae
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Where do erector spinae muscles originate from?
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posterior lateral surface of the sacrum and iliac crest and supraspinous ligament over the sacrum and lower lumbar region
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What are the actions of the erector spinae?
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bilaterally-extend head, cervial region or thorax
unilaterally-allow for sideward flexion or lateral bending, aids in twisting |
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What are the deep layer of back muscles collectively called?
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transverospinalis
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Name the order of the transverospinalis (deep back muscles) from most superficial to deepest?
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semispinalis
multifidus rotatores |
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Where do the semispinalis muscles originate and insert?
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originate from transverse processes of C4-T12
insert into spinous processes 4-6 segments superiorly |
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Where do multifidus originate and insert?
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originate from sacrum and ilium inferiorly or transverse processes more cranially
insert into spinous processes 2-4 segments superiorly |
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Where do rotatores originate and insert?
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originate from transverse process
insert into spinous processes 1-2 segments superiorly |
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Which of the transverospinalis are the smallest?
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rotatores
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Differentiate between back strain and sprain?
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strain-muscular problem, microscopic tears
sprain-damage to back ligaments which connect vertebrae |
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What is the most common cause of congenital spinal cord defect?
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failure of the neural tube to close
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What causes neural tube defects?
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folic acid insufficiency
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