Back And Spine

Front 1

Primary curves of the spine

Back 1

Thoracic & Sacral
kyphotic; kyphosis = concave anteriorly
develop during fetal period

Front 2

Secondary curves of the spine

Back 2

cervical and lumbar
Lordotic; lordosis = concave anteriorly
develop after birth due to upright posture

Front 3

axial skeleton

Back 3

skull
vertebral column
sacrum
ribs
sternum

Front 4

appendicular skeleton

Back 4

clavicles
scapulae
pelvis
upper extremities
lower extremities

Front 5

axial-appendicular connection

Back 5

sterno-clavicular joints
sacro-iliac joints

Front 6

intervertebral disk
(inner and outer portions)

Back 6

inner - nucleus pulposus
outer - anulus fibrosus

Front 7

ligament running on posterior portion of spinal canal

Back 7

ligamentum flavum

Front 8

Spondylolisthesis

Back 8

- anterior or posterior displacement of a vertebra or the vertebral column in relation to the vertebrae below
- caused by pars interarticularis fracture
- Greek spóndyl ( os ) vertebra + olísthēsis dislocation, equivalent to olisthē-, variant stem of olisthánein to slip, sprain (derivative of ólisthos slipperiness)

Front 9

nerve fibers (location & purpose)

Back 9

anterior - motor (efferent)
posterior - sensory (afferent)

Front 10

spinal cord coverings (superficial to deep)

Back 10

dura
arachanoid
pia

Front 11

innervation of muscles:
trap
levator scapulae
rhomboid minor
rhomboid major
latissimus dorsi

Back 11

nerve:
spinal accessory
dorsal scapular
dorsal scapular
dorsal scapular
thoraco-dorsal

Front 12

serratus posterior superior and inferior - function and innervation?

Back 12

move ribs and chest wall. assist in respiration
anterior rami of spinal nerves

Front 13

nerve of serratus anterior

Back 13

long thoracic nerve

Front 14

axillary artery

Back 14

- divided into 3 regions (1>3, moving laterally)
arteries that branch off:
region 1: superior thoracic a.
region 2: thoracoacromial a. & lateral thoracic a.
region 3:
i) subscapular a. > circumflex scapular a. & thoracodorsal a.
ii)anterior circumflex humeral
iii) posterior circumflex humeral

Front 15

breast vasculature

Back 15

1)lateral thoracic v. & a. (branching from region 2 of axillary, which comes from subclavian)
2) internal mammary (thoracic)

Front 16

ligaments running on either side of vertebral (bodies) column.

Back 16

anterior longitudinal
posterior longitudinal

Front 17

ligamentum flavum

Back 17

runs length length of vertebral column, anterior to and along spinous processes.

Front 18

spinal stenosis

Back 18

narrowing of the vertebral foramen (spinal column) that causes pressure on the spinal cord, or narrowing of the openings (called neural foramina) where spinal nerves leave the spinal column

Front 19

how are cervical vertebrae different?

Back 19

they have transverse foramina (tunnels on either side of the vert. body). *the vertebral a. passes through the transverse foramina of C1-C6.

Front 20

parts of spinal cord (interior to exterior)

Back 20

gray matter > white matter > pia mater > arachnoid mater> dura mater

Front 21

deeper muscles of the back

Back 21

semispinalis
rotatores
levator costarum
lumbar intertransversarii
multifidas
innervation: posterior rami of spinal n.

Front 22

serratus posterior superior
serratus posterior inferior

Back 22

anterior rami of spinal n.