Bac 2

Front 1

exception to the lacking cell wall requirement of eukaryotes

Back 1

yeast

Front 2

TF Prokaryotes possess structures/metabolic pathways which euk dont have

Back 2

true (antibiotics target)

Front 3

TF The coding capacity of prok is generally equiv. to euk

Back 3

false - prok much smaller

Front 4

3 ways other than binary fission that bacteria can pick up new genes

Back 4

transformation, conjugation, and transduction

Front 5

term: prok uptake of exogenous DNA

Back 5

transformation (i.e. from dead bac cell from autolysis)

Front 6

term: gene transfer from donor to recipient

Back 6

conjugation (antibiotic resistance)

Front 7

term: new genes supplied by a bacteriophage

Back 7

transduction

Front 8

Bacterial ribosome subunit #s

Back 8

30S + 50S = 70S

Front 9

80S ribosomes are found in

Back 9

eukaryotes

Front 10

Define polysome

Back 10

ribosome + mRNA (translatiing protein)

Front 11

TF ribosomes with no mRNA are considered metabolically inactive

Back 11

TRUE

Front 12

bacterial plasma membrane composition

Back 12

30% lipid, 60% protein, 10% carb...made up that last one doe lol

Front 13

basic cytochrome function? where are the often found?

Back 13

energy production; membrane

Front 14

term: membrane assoc. cytoplasmic sack formations in Gm+ bac

Back 14

mesosome

Front 15

membrane formations of mesosomes may appear as...(3)

Back 15

lamellae, tubules, or vesicles

Front 16

mesosomes are frequently assoc with...

Back 16

septum formation in cell wall division

Front 17

daughter dna genomes are attached to what strucutre during cell division?

Back 17

mesosomes

Front 18

backbone of cell wall

Back 18

peptidoclycan (murein)

Front 19

glycan component of bacterial cell walls are composed of what 2 amino sugars?

Back 19

glucosamine, muramic acid

Front 20

Glycan amino sugars occur as....(structure of linkage)

Back 20

BETA 1,4 N-acetyl-D glucosamine and N-acetyl-D - muramic acid [NAG-beta1,4-NAM]

Front 21

TF polymeric diamino sugar chains tend to be <10 to >170 disacc units

Back 21

TRUE

Front 22

why di-amino acid structure?

Back 22

HAS TO BE A DI-AMINO AA in order to link up with carboxy end of amino acid

Front 23

why is crosslinking of cell wall structures direct or indirect

Back 23

indirect because of unique AA attached to NAM (muramic acid)

Front 24

GM- bac usually have direct or indirect

Back 24

Direct linkage b/w polymers

Front 25

GM- bac usually have direct or indirect

Back 25

indirect - intro of PEPTIDE BRIDGES (eg streptococci use PENTAGLYCINE peptide)

Front 26

Indirect linkage b/w cell wall polymers is via what type of bonds?

Back 26

peptide bridges

Front 27

TF Bacteria contain both D- and L-isomers

Back 27

TRUE

Front 28

TF Humans contain both D- and L-isomers

Back 28

false - just L-isomers in humans

Front 29

Which peptidoglycan structural bond is broken and used for cross-linking?

Back 29

D-alanine to D-alanine, releasing one of these Ala

Front 30

Which peptidoglycan structural AA links to NH2 for crosslinking?

Back 30

L-lysine

Front 31

TF Peptidoglycans are NOT susceptible to cleavage by lysozyme.

Back 31

FALSE - they are susceptible

Front 32

What are lipoteichoic acids and where are they found?

Back 32

FA that are anchored to the cytoplasmic membrane in gram positive bacteria

Front 33

Which 2 substances are antigenically unique to each bac stain?

Back 33

teichoic and lipoteichoic acids

Front 34

Function of teichoic and lipoteichoic acids

Back 34

provide attachment sites for other bacteria and adherence to human cells

Front 35

what type of bridge cross-links peptidoglycans

Back 35

pentaglycine bridge

Front 36

tf gram positive has an ouer membrane

Back 36

FALSE

Front 37

tf gram negative has an outer membrane

Back 37

TRUE

Front 38

In which leaflet is the LPS embedded?

Back 38

outer phospholipid leaflet

Front 39

Name of proteins which form transmembrane diffusion channels forsmall molec weight, water soluble substances

Back 39

porins

Front 40

What kind of molecules can go through the porins

Back 40

small MW, water soluble

Front 41

The LPS outer membrane of the cell wall forms a barrier to hydrophobic or hydrophilic compounds

Back 41

hydrophobic compounds cant pass through the cell wall

Front 42

TF The LPS contains substances increasing bacterial pathogenicity

Back 42

TRUE

Front 43

3 parts of the LPS

Back 43

Lipid A, Core, O Antigen

Front 44

TF Humans can easily distinguish the O antigen of the lps

Back 44

FALSE

Front 45

Which part of the LPS is highly conserved and virtually identical in gm- bac

Back 45

lipid A

Front 46

Lipid A is classified as a...

Back 46

endotoxin - endogenous

Front 47

Which part of the LPS makes up the outer leaflet

Back 47

lipid A

Front 48

Which part of the LPS makes up the middle component and shows some variabilty amoung genus and species?

Back 48

Core polysaccharide

Front 49

Which LPS part contains KDO (2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid)? KDO Function?

Back 49

core polysaccharide; KDO links Core to Lipid A

Front 50

Which LPS component is most variable from one species to antoher?

Back 50

O-specific polysaccharide

Front 51

Which LPS component is most terminal?

Back 51

O-specific polysaccharide

Front 52

Which LPS component forms teh species-specific antigens?

Back 52

O-specific polysaccharide

Front 53

TF Gm+ contain endotoxins.

Back 53

FALSE

Front 54

Which often contains teichoic acid - gm+ or gm-?

Back 54

gram positive

Front 55

Which gram can sometimes undergo sporulation

Back 55

gram positive

Front 56

Whcih has a thicker cell wall - gram positive or negtaive?

Back 56

Gram positive has thicker wall

Front 57

diff b/w spirillum and spirochete

Back 57

spirochete are tighter spirals

Front 58

which bac eg has flagella and fimbriae

Back 58

E. coli

Front 59

another name for fimbriae

Back 59

pili

Front 60

function of fimbriae

Back 60

attachemnt of bacteria to specific human surfaces or to other bacteria

Front 61

What structure represents the MAJOR surface antigenic protein on bacterial cells?

Back 61

fimbriae

Front 62

TF Flagella are too large to be antigenic.

Back 62

false - they are antigenic

Front 63

diameter of flagella

Back 63

20 nm

Front 64

diff b/w amphitrichous and peritrichous

Back 64

amphi = bipolar (both ends); peritrichous covers the whole surface

Front 65

what is a lophotrichous bac

Back 65

multiple, unipolar flagella

Front 66

Which accessory structure is located EXTERIOR to the cell wall and adheres to bacterial cells

Back 66

capsules and slime layers

Front 67

When found on pathogenic bacteria, what structure is considered a virulence factor because of their anti-phagocytic activity?

Back 67

capsules and slime layers

Front 68

TF Capsules are easily washed off cells

Back 68

FALSE

Front 69

TF Slmie layers are extracellular polymers whcih can be easily washed up

Back 69

TRUE

Front 70

Which accessory structure contains antiphagocytic activity?

Back 70

capsules and slime layers

Front 71

Which gram can escape adverse living conditions by differentiating into dormant, highly resistant cells called...

Back 71

endospores

Front 72

name the bacteria which has endospores and can cause serious disease

Back 72

anthrax, bacilli

Front 73

TF Endospores are devoid of nuclear material

Back 73

false - they possess a single copy of the genome

Front 74

TF Endospores have no RNA

Back 74

TRUE

Front 75

Compare the water content in a vegetative bac cell vs endospore

Back 75

75% vs 15% in endospore

Front 76

What is the unique substance found in the core of an endospore?

Back 76

dipicolinic acid

Front 77

3 stages requried to complete transformation of sport to growing bac

Back 77

activation, initiation, outgrowth

Front 78

How does initiation stage of sporulation occur

Back 78

when activated spore is exposed to L-alanine, other AA, or glc

Front 79

TF Outgrowth stage in spore requires de novo protein synth

Back 79

TRUE

Front 80

how long does it take for a dormant spore to grow

Back 80

6 h

Front 81

where is the periplasmic gel located

Back 81

in periplasmic space located b/w outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane

Front 82

Which structure of gram neg bac contains proteins and membrane-derived oligosaccharides MDOs

Back 82

periplasmic gel

Front 83

TF MDO (membrane derived oligosacch) osmolarity fluctuates with the external environment which aids the thin peptidoglycan in the maintenance of osmotic gradinents

Back 83

TRUE

Front 84

3 parts of gram neg cell

Back 84

outer membrane (with LPS), periplasmic space, cytoplasmic membrane

Front 85

Which part of the gram neg membrane contains the peptidoglycan?

Back 85

periplasmic space

Front 86

What part of the gram neg membrane contains the LPS

Back 86

outer membrane