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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are clones
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Genetically identical individuals
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What are the ways to clone plants
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Cutting
Tissue culture |
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What is the process for cloning plants via cuttings
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Take cutting - from stem, root or leaf
Put in to compost Plant hormones are added to encourage plant growth(optional) After a few weeks, new roots develop and a clone plant is produced |
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What is the process for cloning plants via tissue culture
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Choosing a plant that has the desired characteristics
Remove a large number of small pieces of plant tissue Sterilize them Using suitable growth medium (agar) and warm moist condition, add the tissue samples They should grow into lots of genetically identical plantlets, all of which are clones Different combinations of plant hormones are used to make the cells first divide rapidly and then to differentiate the cells into stem, root and leaf cells |
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What are the advantages of using cuttings to clone plants
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Mass production of plants that are hard to grow from seed
All identical - they are sure of the characteristics |
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What are the disadvantages of using cuttings
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Lack of variation - means that if they become exposed to a disease or change in conditions then all of them will be affected
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What is the main method for cloning animals
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Nuclear transfer
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Explain the process of nuclear transfer
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Dolly the sheep example:
Removing the nucleus from an egg cell Putting the nucleus from an udder cells into the egg cell Giving the egg cell an electric shock to make it divide Implanting the embryo into a surrogate mother sheep |
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What are the uses of animal cloning
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Mass production of animal with desired characteristics - cows that produce a lot of milk
Production of animals that have been genetically engineered to provide human products - insulin, organ transplants |
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What are the ethic issues against animal cloning
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Cloning process is unreliable
Cloning animals seem to have a limited life span The effect of cloning on humans' mental and emotional development isn't known Religious views say that cloning on human's is wrong Using human embryos and tampering with them is controversial When using animal transplants: Concerns that infections can then be passed on from animals to humans Ethical issues concerning animal welfare and rights |
