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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A cell carrying only one copy of each chromosome is described as this.
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Haploid
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A cell carrying two copies of every chromosome is described as this.
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Diploid
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A chemical substance that regulates plant growth, development and response to stress.
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Plant hormone
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A chemical that carries signals across the synapse.
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Transmitter substance
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A fold in a tissue that increases the surface area for exchange. Examples found in the small intestine and in the placenta.
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Villi
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A genetically identical copy of an organism.
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Clone
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A haploid cell or gamete I.e. sperm or egg is also known as this.
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Sex cell
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A large, thin-walled vessel that allows deoxygenated blood to drain back to the heart.
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Vein
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A major blood vessel carrying blood, usually oxygenated, under pressure from the heart.
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Artery
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A membrane bound structure (organelle) within the cell where aerobic respiration takes place. Provides most of the energy for cell activity.
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Mitochondria
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A method of assisted reproduction where isolated and/or stored sperm is introduced into the vagina artificially.
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Artificially inseminate
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A piece of a plant that is taken in order to cultivate another genetically identical copy of the original.
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Cutting
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A polymer made of amino acids. Vital component of all living cells as enzymes are examples of this.
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Protein
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A polymer of sugar phosphate molecules carrying four possible bases that carries the genetic information in the cell.
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DNA
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A preparation of plant auxin used to promote the establishment of plant cuttings in propagation.
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Rooting powder
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A protein that catalyses a chemical reaction because of its ability to bind to substrate(s).
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Enzyme
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A small and flexible cell without a nucleus that carries oxygen around the body.
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Red blood cell
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A small blood cell fragment that is important in the clotting process.
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Platelet
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A stretch of DNA that carries a specific instruction within the cell. Usually carries information on the sequence of amino acids within a specific protein.
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Gene
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A thickening of the artery wall caused by the build up of fatty deposits. Can lead to heart disease.
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Plaque
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A type of blood cell involved in defence against infection.
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White blood cell
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A type of blood supply where blood passes through the heart twice for every complete circuit of the body.
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Double circulation
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A type of fat that can collect in the arteries and cause heart disease if eaten in excess over a long period of time.
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Cholesterol
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A way of analysing an individual's DNA that gives a pattern that is unique to that individual. Many uses in forensics and genetic analysis.
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Fingerprinting
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An important type of plant growth regulator involved in phototropic and geotropic responses.
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Auxin
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An unspecialised cell that retains the ability to divide and differentiate into a wide range of other cell types.
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Stem cell
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Any change to the sequence of DNA bases in an organism.
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Mutation
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Experimental methods that avoid infection with microorganisms by using sterile growth medium and equipment as well as antiseptics and antibiotics.
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Aseptic technique
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Growing plant or animal cells in liquid culture in the laboratory under aseptic conditions
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Tissue culture
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Lipid layer that surrounds the cell and contains the cytoplasm.
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Cell membrane
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Minute finger-like projections from the surface of a cell. Found on intestinal lining cells where they increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients.
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Microvilli
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Normal cell division involving the production of two genetically identical daughter cells.
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Mitosis
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One of the two chambers in the heart that provide the major pumping action that pressurises the blood to force it around the body.
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Ventricle
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One of two thin-walled chambers in the heart that collect blood before passing it into the ventricles.
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Atrium
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Organelle found in plant cells that stores sap and helps to regulate the amount of water in the cytoplasm.
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Vacuole
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Organisms that are composed of more than one cell are described as this.
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Multicellular
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Referring to an enzyme or other protein, this term refers to the loss of shape that can occurs on exposure to high temperatures or extremes of pH.
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Denatured
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Refers to the way in which the bases in DNA interact to hold together the double helix. A always pairs with T; G pairs with C.
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Complementary base pairing
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Region on the surface of an enzyme that is complementary in shape to the substrate. Site of substrate binding and catalysis.
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Active site
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Reproduction that does not involve meiosis or the formation of gametes. The offspring are genetically identical to each other and the single parent.
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Asexual reproduction
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Special form of cell division that generates haploid sex cells.
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Meiosis
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Specialised structure in mammals that allows the exchange of nutrients and waste between the foetus and the mother.
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Placenta
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Structure 10?
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Tendinous cords or tendons
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Structure 11?
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Left ventricle
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Structure 12?
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Wall of left ventricle
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Structure 13?
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Right atrioventricular or tricuspid valve
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Structure 14?
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Right ventricle
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Structure 1?
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Aorta
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Structure 2?
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Pulmonary artery
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Structure 3?
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Superior (higher) vena cava
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Structure 4?
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Semilunar valve
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Structure 5?
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Right atrium
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Structure 6?
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Inferior (lower) vena cava
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Structure 7?
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Pulmonary vein
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Structure 8?
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Left atrium
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Structure 9?
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Left atrioventricular or bicuspid valve
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Term describing a plants growth response to gravity. Can be positive or negative.
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Geotropism
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Term describing a plants growth response to light. Can be positive or negative.
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Phototropism
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Term describing directed breeding techniques where individuals are selected for breeding based on their desired characteristics.
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Selective breeding
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Term describing selective breeding techniques where individuals that are closely related are allowed to mate.
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Inbreeding
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Term describing selective breeding techniques where individuals that are unrelated and/or carry very different characteristics are allowed to mate.
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Cross-breeding
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Term given in IVF techniques to a mother that is used to support the development of an embryo without being genetically related to it.
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Surrogate
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Term given to a haploid sex cell.
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Gamete
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Term given to an immature animal that is still developing, but where all the major structures have been formed. Stage between and embryo and birth.
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Foetus
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Term used to describe an adaptation in plants where growth or development does not occur until conditions of light, water, temperature etc. are suitable.
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Dormancy
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The bag of enzymes carried on the tip of a sperm that allows it to penetrate the coat around the egg cell.
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Acrosome
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The complex mixture of enzymes and chemicals where many of the reactions of life happen in the cell.
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Cytoplasm
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The connection between two nerve cells involving a gap across which neurotransmitters have to diffuse to carry the impulse.
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Synapse
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The deliberate introduction of a modified gene or a gene from a different species into an organism to achieve a useful characteristic.
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Genetic engineering
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The first diploid cell formed by the fusion of gametes at fertilisation.
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Zygote
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The form in which oxygen is carried in red blood cells.
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Oxyhaemoglobin
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The liquid portion of the blood after all the cells have been removed.
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Plasma
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The major artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
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Aorta
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The major blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
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Pulmonary artery
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The major blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart.
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Pulmonary vein
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The major vessel carrying deoxygenated blood back to the heart from the rest of the body.
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Vena cava
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The membrane bound organelle in plants that is the site of photosynthesis.
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Chloroplast
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The membrane bound structure (organelle) within the cell where the genetic material is stored.
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Nucleus
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The name given to the reactant(s) in an enzyme-catalysed reaction.
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Substrate
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The name of the non-return valves in the aorta and pulmonary artery.
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Semilunar
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The net movement of a substance from an area of its higher concentration to an area where it is less concentrated.
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Diffusion
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The process by which a cell becomes specialised to carry out a particular function in a multi-cellular organism.
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Differentiation
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The process where two gametes fuse to form a zygote.
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Fertilisation
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The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.
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Haemoglobin
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The spongy air sacs that form the end of the bronchioles. Where gas exchange takes place in the lung.
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Alveoli
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The strong structure made largely from cellulose that gives plant cells their rigidity and their ability to resist turgour pressure.
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Cell wall
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The structure adopted by the two strands of DNA as it zips up following the base-pairing rules.
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Double helix
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The targeted introduction of a DNA change into an organism to achieve a useful result.
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Genetic modification
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The time between conception and birth in an animal.
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Gestation period
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The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle that prevents blood flowing back into the atrium when the ventricle contracts.
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Bicuspid or mitral valve
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The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle that prevents blood flowing back into the atrium when the ventricle contracts.
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Tricuspid
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The very fine blood vessels that permeate all the tissues in the body to supply oxygen and nutrients as well as remove waste products.
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Capillary
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These agricultural chemicals use plant growth regulator substances to kill broad leaved weeds without affecting grasses.
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Selective weed killer
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This exists wherever there is more of a substance in one area compared to another.
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Concentration gradient
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