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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What controls the amount of mitochondria in the cell? |
The activity of the cell. |
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which is bigger ribosomes or mitochondria? |
Mitochondria. Ribosomes are also found in the cytoplasm but they are too small to be seen with a light microscope. This is where protein synthesis occurs. |
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Where are genes found? And the function of them. |
The nucleus contains chromosomes which a section made of DNA is a gene. A gene codes for a particular protein. |
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Name the structure of DNA |
Made of two strands and is called a double helix. each strand has different chemical bases, there are four. |
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Name the bases which pair in DNA and what it is called. |
A - T and G - C. This is called complementary base pairing. |
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What do the DNA base pairs code for? |
Each gene has a different sequence of the base pairs that code for a different protein as it makes different amino acids, made by different codons of bases. |
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Name the 4 types of proteins and examples |
Carrier protein - heamoglobin hormonal protein - insulin structural protein - collagen Enzymes - can control the activity of your cells |
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Describe protein synthesis |
- The DNA strand unzips along the base pairs and free bases in the nucleus pair along the bases. Forming mRNA and taking a copy of the DNA. This is called transcription. - The mRNA leaves the nucleus through nucleic pores to the cytoplasm. - A ribosome then attaches to the DNA strand and tRNA reads the bases in codons and pairs up with the matching bases to the amino acid it has bought with it. Called translation. - The ribosome works its way along the strand the amino acids form a long chain, then form a protein which leaves to do its specific job. |
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Who discovered DNA? |
Two scientists called Watson and Crick using data from other scientists, in 1953. |
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What are enzymes described as? |
They speed up reactions, they are called biological catalysts. in reactions such as respiration, photosynthesis and protein synthesis. |
