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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the final product of spermatogenesis?
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spermatozoa
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Where does spermatogenesis occur?
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in the testes (in the seminiferous tubules)
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In spermatogenesis, diploid spermatogonia on the outer layer of the seminiferous tubules constantly divide to make what?
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more spermatogonia
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Spermatogonia grow into the next layer of cells, larger cells with more cytoplasm called _____.
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primary spermatocytes (diploid)
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Primary spermatocytes go through the first division of meiosis to make what?
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secondary spermatocytes -- haploid (each primary spermatocyte produces two secondary)
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Secondary spermatocytes produce what? How?
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Secondary spermatocytes go through the second division of meiosis to produce haploid spermatids (each secondary spermatocyte makes two of these).
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How do spermatids differentiate into spermatozoa?
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Spermatids become associated with nurse cells called Sertoli cells, which help they develop into spermatozoa.
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Name the stages in development to become spermatozoa in chronological order (this is also in order of location, from outermost layer of cells by the basement membrane to the inner layer). Also note whether each kind of cell is haploid or diploid.
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2n = diploid, n = haploid
spermatogonia (2n) -> primary spermatocytes (2n) -> secondary spermatocytes (n) -> spermatids (n) -> spermatozoa (n) -- with help of Sertoli cells |
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Draw a diagram of seminiferous tubule cells, including the fluid inside the tubules, the tubule walls, the basement membranes, blood vessels, and Leydig/interstitial cells.
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see: http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/GCaplan/anat2/notes/male.jpg
(Leydig cells = intersitial cells, blood vessel in top left of picture) AND see the IB diagram on p. 90 of the study guide. |
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Draw a diagram showing the development of spermatozoa in a seminiferous tubule.
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see:
http://faculty.southwest.tn.edu/rburkett/A&P2_r7.jpg (spermatogonia called Germinal cells in this diagram) *ALSO see p. 90 in IB study guide |
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What is oogenesis?
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the production of ova/eggs
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Draw a basic diagram of an ovary.
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see
http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/biog105/pages/demos/105/unit8/media/ovary-schematic.jpg for a human ovary *ALSO see p. 91 in IB study guide to see rabbit ovary diagram |
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In oogenesis, oogonia divide to form what?
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more oogonia
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In oogenesis, oogonia grow into larger cells called what?
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primary oocytes (diploid)
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Primary oocytes begin the first division of meiosis but stop during prophase I. They are then surrounded by a layer of follicle cells to form ________.
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primary follicles
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Every mentrual cycle a few primary follicles develop. What do they develop into and how?
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The primary oocytes finish the first division of meiosis to form two haploid nuclei. One is a large secondary oocyte, and the other is a small polar cell.
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Secondary oocytes start the second division of meiosis, but stop in prophase II. What happens next?
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The accumulating follicular fluid causes the follicle to burst, releasing the secondary oocyte during ovulation. When a sperm nucleus enters the secondary oocyte, it completes the second division of meiosis to form an ovum and a second polar cell.
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What happens to the first and second polar bodies formed during oogenesis?
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They don't develop and ultimately degenerate.
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Draw a human sperm cell in as much detail as possible (include acrosome, nucleus, helical mitochondria, and tail).
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see
http://img.tfd.com/dorland/thumbs/spermatozoon.jpg OR p. 92 in the IB study guide |
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What are three hormones involved in the production of sperm, and what do they do?
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FSH (Pituitary gland) - stimulates primary spermatocytes to go through 1st division of mitosis and become secondary spermatocytes
Testosterone (interstitial cells) - makes secondary spermatocytes develop into mature sperm LH (Pituitary gland) - stimulates secretion of testerone by the testes |
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What do the epididymis, seminal vesicles, and prostate gland do in the production of semen?
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Epididymis - sperm mature and become able to swim here
seminal vesicles - produce fluid with nutrients for the sperm and mucus to protect the sperm in the vagina (ejaculated with sperm) prostate gland - makes fluid that is alkaline to protect the sperm in the acidic vagina, expelled with sperm |
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Draw a human egg cell. Include the haploid nucleus, first polar cell, zona pellucida, layer of follicle cells, and plasma membrane.
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see p. 92 in IB study guide
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How often are sperm produced? How often are egg cells produced?
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sperm - millions every day
egg cells - one every 28 days |
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When are egg cells released?
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on about day 14 of the menstrual cycle
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How many functional sperm are produced per meisis? Eggs?
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four sperm, one egg produced
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