B1

Front 1

7 components of a healthy diet

Back 1

Carbs, proteins, fats, fibre, water, minerals, vitamins

Front 2

Methods of infection

Back 2

Direct: kissing, touching

Indirect: air, water, animals, mosquitos

Front 3

Differences between bacteria and viruses?

Back 3

Bacteria release toxins, viruses damage cells

Viruses are smaller, can only reproduce inside host cells

Front 4

Issues of being overweight

Back 4

Diabetes and heart disease

Front 5

What are LDLs?

Back 5

Low density lipoproteins which carry cholesterol from liver to cells

Front 6

What does it mean to be malnourished?

Back 6

When someone's diet doesn't consist of the right amount of nutrients

Affects underweight and overweight people

Front 7

Issues of being underweight

Back 7

Fragile bones, weaker immune system, inhibited growth and development, anemia and fertility issues

Front 8

What are HDLs?

Back 8

High density lipoproteins which carry excess cholesterol back to the liver

Front 9

Are LDLs good or bad?

Back 9

Bad

Front 10

Are HDLs good or bad?

Back 10

Good

Front 11

What do mono and poly unsaturated fats (found in vegetable oils) do to cholesterol and the proportion of HDLs to LDLs?

Back 11

They reduce cholesterol levels in blood and increase proportion of HDLs to LDLs

Front 12

What are some natural barriers in our body?

Back 12

Acid in stomach kills microbes, skin stops them getting into body, scabs, mucus in lungs trap microbes and cilia sweep it out of lungs

Front 13

What do antibiotics do?

Back 13

Treat infection but can't treat viruses, they destroy the structure of a cell wall/block cell's ability to grow or reproduce

Front 14

Five sense organs?

Back 14

Nose, tongue, skin, ears and eyes

Front 15

What happens from stimulus to response?

Back 15

Stimulus > receptor > sensory neurone > central nervous system > motor neurone > effector > response

Front 16

What's geotropism?

Back 16

Growth in response to direction of gravity

Front 17

Where's FSH produced?

Back 17

Pituitary glands

Front 18

What does FSH do?

Back 18

Causes egg to mature and stimulates ovaries to produce oestrogen

Front 19

Where's oestrogen produced?

Back 19

Ovaries

Front 20

What does oestrogen do?

Back 20

Causes release of LH and stops release of FSH

Front 21

Where is LH produced?

Back 21

Pituitary gland

Front 22

What does LH do?

Back 22

Stimulates release of egg

Front 23

Where is progesterone produced?

Back 23

Ovaries

Front 24

What does progesterone do?

Back 24

Maintains lining of uterus

Front 25

How/where is body temperature controlled?

Back 25

Brain

Front 26

How is blood sugar controlled?

Back 26

Insulin

Front 27

Where are water and ions controlled?

Back 27

Kidneys

Front 28

What happens at a synapse?

Back 28

Impulse reaches it, chemicals diffuse across the gap which carry the impulse

Front 29

What are the issues with thalidomide?

Back 29

Intended as a sleeping pill, later found to relieve symptoms of morning sickness but as not tested for this no-one realised it caused abnormal limb development

Front 30

What's a double blind trial?

Back 30

Where both patient and doctor don't know is drug is placebo or real until all results are gathered

Front 31

What's advantage of double blind trial

Back 31

Doctors aren't influenced by their knowledge

Front 32

One way desert animals are adapted?

Back 32

Large surface area compared to volume

Front 33

One way arctic animals are adapted?

Back 33

Small surface area compared to volume

Front 34

What do plants compete for?

Back 34

Light, space, water, minerals/nutrients from water

Front 35

What do animals compete for?

Back 35

Territory/space, food, water, mates

Front 36

What conditions are needed for decay?

Back 36

Damp/moist, warm, oxygen (plenty available)

Front 37

Define inheritance

Back 37

Characteristics passed on from one generation to another

Front 38

Define genes

Back 38

Section of DNA that codes for specific protein, can be copied and passed onto next generation

Front 39

Define chromosomes

Back 39

Long threads of DNA, made up of many different genes, found in cells nucleus

Front 40

Define DNA

Back 40

Carry genetic code that determines characteristics of an organism

Front 41

Define sexual reproduction

Back 41

Fusion of male and female gametes, 2 parents, mixture of genes

Front 42

Define asexual reproduction

Back 42

One parent, no fusion of gametes, no mixing of chromosomes so no genetic variation (clones)

Front 43

What happens in embryonic cloning?

Back 43

Sperm and egg calls taken, artificially fertilised, split before any specialised cells develop and then placed inside adult female

Front 44

What happens in adult cell cloning?

Back 44

Unfertilised egg taken, removing genetic material, replaced with complete set of chromosomes from adult body cell, stimulated by electric shock so it divides then implanted into adult female

Front 45

Theory of evolution?

Back 45

That life on earth began as simple organisms from which all complex organisms evolved from

Front 46

Lamark's theory?

Back 46

If characteristic was used lots by organism it would become more developed during lifetime and then passed on

Front 47

Darwin's theory?

Back 47

(Natural selection), individuals with characteristics which are better adapted to environment = better chance of survival and breeding so useful genes passed on, others die off