B-Mod Test 2

Front 1

Elicited Behavior

Back 1

behavior that is automatically brought out of the organism

Front 2

Fixed Action Pattern

Back 2

a series or sequence of acts that occur behaviorally in animals.

Front 3

Reflex Arc

Back 3

Neuronal pathway that includes sensory, motor and interneurons

Front 4

Startle Response

Back 4

a defensive response to sudden or threatening stimuli, and is associated with negative affect.

Front 5

Sensitization

Back 5

Increase in the strength of an elicited behavior

Front 6

Habituation

Back 6

Decrease in the strength of an elicited behavior

Front 7

Opponent Process Theory

Back 7

The body's want to maintain homeostasis

Front 8

A Process

Back 8

The process that is initially elicited by an event like drinking coffee that moves the body from homeostasis to a state of imbalance

Front 9

B Process

Back 9

Process elicited by the body being in a state of imbalance.

Front 10

Unconditioned Stimulus

Back 10

The stimulus that naturally elicits the response. Ex: food (US) and salivating (UR)

Front 11

Conditioned Stimulus

Back 11

The stimulus that must be conditioned in order to elicit a response.

Ex: Bell (CS) and Salivation (CR)

Front 12

Unconditioned Response

Back 12

The response (reflex) that is naturally elicited by the unconditioned stimulus

Ex: Food (US) and Salivation (UR)

Front 13

Conditioned Response

Back 13

The response (UR) after conditioning takes place

Ex: bell (CS) and salivation (CR)

Front 14

Backwards Conditioning

Back 14

Bell (CS)-------------]

Food(US)---------------]

Front 15

Trace Conditioning

Back 15

Bell (CS) -----------]

Trace interval

Food (US)-----------------]

Front 16

Delayed Conditioning

Back 16

Bell (CS) -----------------------]

Food (US)--------------------]

Front 17

Simultaneous Condtioning

Back 17

Bell (CS) -----------------------]

Food (US)----------------------]

Front 18

Acquisition

Back 18

the learning or developing of a skill, habit, or quality.

Front 19

Extinction

Back 19

Action no longer happens

Front 20

Spontaneous recovery

Back 20

the re-emergence of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a delay.

Front 21

Stimulus Discrimination

Back 21

individuals learn an association between the Conditioned Stimulus and Unconditioned Stimulus. For example, A dog who is treated cruelly by its male owner learns to be afraid of that man.

Front 22

Stimulus Generalization

Back 22

he act or process of responding to a stimulus similar to but distinct from the conditioned stimulus.

Ex: Dogs responding to bells and tones

Front 23

Semantic Generalization

Back 23

the generalization process occurs through thesemantic characteristics of the stimuli. So a response previously conditioned to the word "wildcat" may be elicited by the word "tiger"

Front 24

Sensory Precondtioning

Back 24

an association between two stimuli during an initial phase where the two stimuli (S1 and S2) are presented together but never followed by reinforcement.

Front 25

Higher Order Conditioning

Back 25

a situation in which a stimulus that was previously neutral (e.g., a light) is paired with a conditioned stimulus (e.g., a tone that has been conditioning with food to produce salivating) to produce the same conditioned response as the conditioned stimulus.

Front 26

Temporal Conditioning

Back 26

the unconditioned stimulant is shown at regular intervals, but not being joined by any conditioned stimulant.

Front 27

Blocking

Back 27

a previously-learned thought process prevents or delays the learning and conditioning of new behavior. It may also be a process wherein the flow of thought is obstructed or interrupted. Also called thought obstruction.

Front 28

Overshadowing

Back 28

Overshadowing is when two or more more stimuli are present, and one stimulus produces a stronger response than the other because it is more relevant

Front 29

Unconditioned Stimulus revaluation

Back 29

Presenting the US after conditioning at a different level of intensity

Front 30

Unconditioned Stimulus Inflation

Back 30

Presenting the US at a higher intensity

Front 31

Unconditioned Stimulus Deflation

Back 31

Presenting the US at a lower intensity

Front 32

The S-R Model

Back 32

A neutral stimulus (conditioned stimulus) becomes associated with an unconditioned response and thereby comes to elicit the conditioned response

Front 33

The S-S model

Back 33

The neutral stimulus (conditioned stimulus) becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus. Because of this, the CS elicits the CR

Front 34

Stimulus Substitution

Back 34

The Stimulus (bell) acts as a substitute of the unconditioned stimulus (Food)

Front 35

Preparatory Response Theory

Back 35

The purpose of the conditioned response is to prepare the organism for the presentation of the US

Front 36

Compensatory Response theory

Back 36

A conditioned stimulus that has repeatedly been paired with a primary response to an unconditioned stimulus will eventually produce the opposite (b) response

Front 37

Rescorla-Wagner Thoery

Back 37

A given Unconditioned Stimulus can support a limited amount of conditioning

Front 38

Observational Learning

Back 38

Phobias obtained by watching fearful reactions of others

Front 39

Temperament

Back 39

Genetically predetermined disposition to respond to certain stimuluses in a certain way. Also how emotionally reactive a person is

Front 40

Preparedness

Back 40

Genetically predisposed to learn certain associations more readily. How easily a phobia can be learned

Front 41

Selective sensitization

Back 41

Increase in the reactivity to a potentially fear inducing stimulus after exposure to an unrelated stressful event

Front 42

Systematic Desensitization

Back 42

pairing relaxation with increasing levels of fear

Front 43

Counter Conditioning

Back 43

The fear inducing conditioned stimulus is associated with an incompatible response

Ex: laughing while scared

Front 44

Wolpe's method

Back 44

deep muscle relaxation, hypnosis and meditation with increased levels of fear.

Ex: Visualize spider across the room followed by 10-30 secs of relaxation. Repeat until fear is no longer felt, then increase level of fear

Front 45

In Vivo Desensitation

Back 45

Uses the real fear inducing stimulus

Ex: Increasing size of real spider

Front 46

Flooding

Back 46

Prolonged exposure to the fear inducing stimulus

Front 47

Imagined Flooding

Back 47

Using mental imagery as fear inducing stimulus

Front 48

In Vivo Flooding

Back 48

Uses actual fear inducing stimulus. Dangerous for client if they have health problems

Ex: Holding a large spider

Front 49

Aversion Therapy

Back 49

Reduces attractiveness of desired behavior.

Ex: Pair a nausea inducing agent with cigarette or alcohol