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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Liver function tests are ... tests used to: 1 2 3 |
Blood tests 1 diagnosis liver disease or damage 2 evaluate the injury 3 follow up treatment |
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LFTs measure how liver is performing it's ... ... of producing ... and clearing ... |
Normal functions Protein Bilirubin |
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Bilirubin is |
a blood waste product |
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The functions of liver: |
Metabolic functions Detoxification and excretion Syntetic function Storage function Immunological function (kuppfer cells) |
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Metabolic functions of liver: |
Actively participate in carbohydrate, lipid, proteins, mineral and vitamins metabolisms . |
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Detoxification and excretion of liver: |
Ammonia to urea (urea cycle), bilirubin, cholesterol, drug metabolites. |
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Synthetic functions of liver: |
Plasma protein (albumin, globulins), bile salts, Cholesterol, enzymes, triglycerides, lipoprotein. |
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Immunological function of liver by ... cells |
Kupffer cells |
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Liver dysfunction cuased by: |
Hepatocellular injury Blockage in bile flow |
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Hepatocellular injury such as: |
• Liver carcinoma, hepatitis, cirrhosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. • hepatotoxicity which is caused by certain drugs and chemical substances that induce hepatocellular injury. |
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Hepatotoxicity which is caused by certain ... and ... substances that induce ... ... |
Certain drugs Chemical substances Hepatocellular injury |
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Blockage in bile flow (...): |
is a condition where bile can't flow from the liver to the duodenum, there are two types of Cholestasis : • Obstructive type • Metabolic type |
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Obstructive type of cholestasis : |
can occur from gallstone, malignancy or bile atresia in children. |
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Obstructive type of cholestasis in children by ... ..., it's ..... |
Biliary atresia, it's abnormally narrow, blocked, or absent bile ducts. |
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Metabolic type of cholestasis: |
Disturbances in bile formation. |
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Other liver function tests measure ...that liver cells release in ..... |
Enzymes Response to damage or disease |
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Largest and most complex internal organ, it's multifunctional organ. |
Liver |
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Liver is ..... |
Largest and most complex internal organ, it's multifunctional organ. |
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▪ steatohepatitis ▪ choronic hepatitis ▪ myocardial infraction ▪ placenta ▪ infective hepatitis ▪ severe malnutrition ▪ renal dysfunction ▪ hypoalbuminemia ▪ nutritional problems ▪ autoimmune disorders ▪ medications |
التليف الكبدي الدهني التهاب الكبد المزمن احتشاء عضلة القلب المشيمة التهاب الكبد المعوي سوء التغذية الحاد ضعف وظائف الكلى نقص ألبومين الدم مشاكل التغدية اضطرابات المناعة الذاتية الأدوية |
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▪ hepatic = hepato ▪ liver carcinoma ▪ acute hepatitis ▪ alcoholic hepatitis ▪ jaundice ▪ intra-/extra- -hepatic ▪ gallstone ▪ Malignancy ▪ Biliary atresia ▪ Cholestasis ▪ Hepatotoxicity ▪ Hepatitis ▪ Cirrhosis |
الكبد سرطان الكبد التهاب الكبد الحاد التهاب الكبد الكحولي اليرقان داخل/ خارج الكبد حصى صفراوية خباثة رتق القناة الصفراوية سد في مجرى الصفراء تسمم الكبد التهاب الكبد التليف الكبدي |
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▪ diagnosis ▪ Evaluate/ Assess ▪ Follow up treatment ▪ Induce ▪ Obstructive/ obstructed ▪ Disturbances ▪ Actively participates |
تشخيص تقييم متابعة العلاج تحفز انسداد إضطرابات يشارك بنشاط |
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LFTs are helpful to detect the ... and extent of ... ... |
Abnormalities Liver damage |
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LFTs more ... than clinical signs and symptoms. |
Sensitive |
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LFTs more sensitive than ... signs and ... |
Clinical signs and symptoms |
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LFTs include ... tests that run at the ... ... on a ... sample |
Seven Same time Blood sample |
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Liver function seven tests are: |
• Total bilirubin¹ • Tranaminases: ALT² & AST³ • Alkaline Phosphate (ALP) • Gamma Glutamyl Transpiptedase (GGT) • Total Protein: Albumin & Glubulin - Prothrombin Time |
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(GGT) is (ALT) is (AST) is (ALP) is |
Gamma Glutamyl Transpiptedase Alanine aminotransferease Aspartate aminotransferease Alkaline Phosphatase |
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Total protein in blood plasma are: |
Albumin & Glubulin Prothrombin Time |
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(ALT) & (AST) are: |
Tranaminases |
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3 groups of classification of LFTs: |
Group I: Markers of liver dysfunction Group II: Markers of hepatocellular injury Group III: Merkers of cholestasis |
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Markers of liver dysfunction is group number ..., and it's including: |
(I) - serum bilirubin: total and conjugated - total protein: serum albumin & serum Glubulin, and Prothrombin Time |
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Markers of hepatocellular injury are group number ..., and including: |
(II) (ALT) & (AST) |
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Merkers of cholestasis is group number ..., and including: |
(III) (ALP) (GGT) |
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Tranaminases are markers of: |
Hepatocellular injury |
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The liver is thought to be responsible for up to ... ... functions, usually in ... with other systems and organs. |
500 separate functions In combination with |
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▪ to detect abnormalities ▪ Extent ▪ In combination with ▪ Separate functions |
للكشف عن التشوهات مدى بالإشتراك مع وظائف منفصلة |
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Bilirubin is: |
a bile pigment that is yellow in color, it's formed during the normal breakdown of red blood cells (hemoglobin), and is excreted in the bile. |
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Bilirubin can be classified as ... (... or...), or as ... (...) |
• Indirect (unconjugated or free): while it's circulating. • Direct (conjugated): after Conjugation in the liver with glucuronic acid. |
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Conjugated bilirubin is bilirubin in conjunction in the... with ... acid |
Liver Glucuronic acid |
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Bilirubin test measures the total bilirubin level (conjugated and unconjugated) ... using blood sample (...). |
Spectrophotometrically Serum |
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High levels of bilirubin can cause ..... |
Yellowing of your skin and eyes, a condition called jaundice. |
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Jaundice is: |
Yellowing of your skin and eyes because high levels of bilirubin |
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Classes of jaundice: |
• Hemolytic • Hepatic or Hepatocellular • Post-hepatic |
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High bilirubin levels in adults may ..... |
Indicates several types of problems |
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High bilirubin levels in adults may indicates several types of problems, such as: |
• diseases that cause liver damage, such as Hepatitis, Cirrhosis. • diseases that cause blockage of bile ducts, such as gallstones. • cancer of pancreas or gallbladder. • red blood cells breakdown is more then usual, such as blood transfusion reaction. |
