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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the leading cause of Western liver disease?
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Alcoholism
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What % of patients in the hospital have problems related to alcohol?
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25-30%
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What are the 3 sites of alcohol metabolism in the liver?
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-Microsomes
-Cytosol -Peroxisomes |
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What occurs in Microsomes?
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CYP2E1 breaks ethanol down into acetaldehyde
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What occurs in the cytosol?
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Alcohol dehydrogenase breaks down more ethanol into acetaldehyde generating NADH in the process
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What occurs in Peroxisomes?
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Catalase converts ethanol to acetaldehyde
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What is generated in the process of catalase breaking down ethanol?
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Reactive oxygen species
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What does NADH cause?
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Steatosis
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What happens to all the acetaldehyde?
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It gets converted by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase into acetic acid in mitochondria
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What is the MAJOR toxic metabolite in ethanol metabolism?
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Acetaldehyde
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On top of ROS's being generated by CYP2E1, how does oxidative injury to the liver occur in alcohol metabolism?
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By the depletion of glutathione levels
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What change occurs in a normal liver when alcohol exposure is
-not severe -severe |
Not severe: steatosis
Severe: hepatitis |
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What 2 changes constitute Steatosis?
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-Fatty changes
-Perivenular fibrosis |
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What 4 changes constitute Hepatitis?
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-Hepatocyte necrosis
-Inflammation -Mallory bodies -Fatty change |
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What is significant about both steatosis and hepatitis?
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They are both reversible if the person abstains from alcohol!
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What happens to a steatotic or hepatitic liver if exposure or binges of alcohol continue?
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Cirrhosis
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What does cirrhosis consist of?
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-Fibrosis
-Hyperplastic nodules |
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What is the 5-yr survival rate for patients with alcoholic liver disease that continue to drink?
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50%
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What are 5 things patients with liver fibrosis are likely to die from?
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-Hepatic coma
-Massive GI bleeds -Spont bacterial peritonitis -Hepatorenal syndrome -Hepatocellular carcinoma |
