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114 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are parts of upper limbs |
-humerus -radius -ulna -carpals -metacarpals -phalanges |
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what structures make up anterior wall of axilla? |
-pectoralis major -pectoralis minor -clavicle |
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what structures make up posterior wall of axilla? |
-scapula (subscapularis) -teres major (inferiorly) -latissimus dorsi (inferiorly) |
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what structures make up medial wall of axilla? |
-thorax -serratus anterior
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what structures make up lateral wall of axilla? |
intertubular sulcus (groove) of humerus |
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what are contents inside axillary sheath? |
-axillary artery -axillary vein -brachial plexus |
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what are 4 major branches of subclavian artery? |
-vertebral artery -internal thoracic artery -thyrocervical trunk -costocervical trunk |
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what are 3 branches of thyrocervical trunk |
-inferior thyroid artery -transverse cervical artery -suprascapular artery |
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2 terminal ends of costocervical trunk |
-root of neck -first 2 intercostal spaces |
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where does subsclavian artery become axillary artery? |
1st rib |
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where does axillary artery become brachial artery? |
inferior border of teres major |
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parts of axillary artery are divided based upon spatial relationship with what muscle? |
pectoralis minor |
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what are 6 branches of axillary artery? |
-superior thoracic artery -thoracoacromial trunk -lateral thoracic artery -subscapular artery -anterior humeral circumflex artery -posterior humeral circumflex artery |
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what are 4 branches of thoracoacromial trunk and where do they supply? |
-acromial (acromion process) -deltoid (deltoid) -pectoral (pectoralis muscles) -clavicular (articulation between clavicle and sternum) |
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what are 2 branches of subscapular artery and where do they supply?** |
-circumflex scapular artery (posterior aspect of scapula) -thoracodorsal artery (latissimus dorsi) |
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what is the location of anterior and posterior humeral circumflex arteries? |
surgical neck of humerus |
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what are 3 major veins in and around axilla? |
-brachial vein -basilic vein -cephalic vein |
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which vein do brachial, basilic and cephalic vein drain into? |
axillary vein |
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which vein does axillary vein drain into? |
subclavian vein |
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subclavian vein along with internal jugular vein merge to from which vein? |
brachiocephalic vein |
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For the most part, but not always, the major veins are located deep OR superficial to their corresponding artery? |
superficial |
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pathway of brachial vein drainage into axillary vein |
brachial vein --> basilic vein --> axillary vein |
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pathway of cephalic vein drainage into axillary vein |
cephalic vein --> axillary vein |
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bone of arm (brachium) |
humerus |
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bones of forearm (antebrachium) |
-radius -ulna |
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bones of hand |
-carpals -metacarpals -phalanges |
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joint at shoulder |
glenohumeral joint |
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joint at elbow |
humeroulnar joint |
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joint at wrist |
radiocarpal joint |
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4 joints in hand |
-midcarpal joint -carpometacarpal joint -metacarpo-phalangeal joint -interphangeal joint |
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what nerve and artery sit in the radial groove (sulcus) of humerus? |
-radial nerve -profunda brachii artery
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where can you find the radial notch and ulnar notch? |
radial notch is on the ulna (proximal) ulna notch is on the radius (distal) |
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how many carpal bones in wrist? |
8 |
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how many bones are in hand total? |
27 |
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what are 8 carpal bones? |
-Scaphoid -Lunate -Triquetral -Pisiform -Trapezium -Trapezoid -Capitate -Hammate
Mnemonic: Some Lovers Try Position That They Cannot Handle |
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pectoralis major -origin -insertion -actions -innervation |
ORIGIN: -clavicle, anterior sternum, upper 6 costal cartilage, and aponeurosis of external oblique INSERTION: -lateral aspect of intertubercular groove (bicipital groove) of humerus ACTIONS: -flex shoulder -adduction of humerus -medial rotation of humerus -also involves in forced respiration INNERVATION: -lateral and medial pectoral nerves |
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Deficiency of pectoralis major |
Poland syndrome |
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what are 3 muscles in anterior compartment of arm? |
-biceps brachii -brachialis -coracobrachialis |
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What nerve innervate muscles in the anterior compartment of arm? |
musculocutaneous nerve |
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Muscles in the anterior compartment of arm general action |
flexion |
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biceps brachii -origin -insertion -actions -innervation |
ORIGIN: -short head: coracoid process -long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula INSERTION: -radius (radial tuberosity) ACTION: -flex forearm (humero-ulnar joint, strong) -supinator (radio-ulnar joint, strong) -flex arm (weak) -shoulder adduction (short head) INNERVATION: -musculocutaneous nerve |
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coracobrachialis -origin -insertion -actions -innervation |
ORIGIN: -coracoid process INSERTION: -humeral midshaft (medial) ACTION: -flex arm -adduct arm INNERVATION: -musculocutaneous nerve
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brachialis -origin -insertion -actions -innervation |
ORIGIN: -anterior distal portion of humerus INSERTION: -ulnar coronoid process ACTION: -flex forearm (major) INNERVATION: -musculocutaneous nerve
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location of musculocutaneous nerve in relation to coracobrachialis and brachialis |
musculocutaneous nerve pierces through coracobrachialis and brachialis muscles. It also runs between brachialis and biceps brachii muscles. |
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what are 3 muscles of posterior compartment of arm? |
-triceps brachii -anconeus -brachioradialis |
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what nerve innervates muscles in the posterior compartment of arm? |
radial nerve |
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muscles in the posterior compartment of arm general action |
extension |
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triceps brachii -origin -insertion -actions -innervation |
ORIGIN: -long head: infraglenoid tubercle (scapula) -lateral head: posterolateral surface (humerus) -medial or deep head: posterior surface below radial groove (humerus) INSERTION: -single tendon on olecranon (ulna) ACTION: -forearm extension at elbow -shoulder extension (long head only) -shoulder adduction (long head only) |
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anconeus muscle -origin -insertion -actions -innervation |
ORIGIN: -lateral epicondyle (humerus) INSERTION: -olecranon process (ulna) ACTION: -forearm extension at elbow -pronation INNERVATION: -radial nerve |
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brachioradialis muscle -origin -insertion -actions -innervation |
ORIGIN: -lateral epicondyle (humerus) INSERTION: -styloid process (radius) INNERVATION: -radial nerve ACTION: -flex forearm**
**exception to posterior compartment rule** |
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which muscle in the posterior compartment of arm that will flex instead of general rule of extension? |
brachioradialis |
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relationship of radial nerve and profunda brachii artery with triceps brachii |
deep to lateral head of triceps brachii |
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Major branches of brachial artery |
-profunda brachii artery -superior ulnar collateral -inferior ulnar collateral -humeral nutrient |
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location of brachial artery in relation to axilla and humerus |
enters axilla medially and at humeral midshaft, the artery moves anterioly |
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radial artery is a branch of which artery? and where does it branch off of? |
-brachial artery -radial neck |
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location of radial artery in relation to brachioradialis muscle |
radial artery is deep to brachioradialis muscle (proximal half of forearm) |
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location of radial artery in relation to radial nerve |
radial artery is medial to radial nerve (middle third of forearm) |
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location of radial artery in relation to brachioradialis tendon |
radial artery is medial to brachioradialis tendon (covered only by deep fascia, superficial fascia and skin in distal forearm) |
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ulnar artery is a branch of which artery? where does it branch off of? |
-brachial artery -radial neck |
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ulnar artery is found in what aspect of forearm? |
medial |
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location of ulnar artery in relation to pronator teres muscle |
ulnar artery is deep to pronator teres |
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location of ulnar artery in relation to flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus |
ulnar artery passes through fascial plane between those two muscles |
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in distal forearm, what is location of ulnar artery in relation to ulnar nerve? |
ulnar artery is lateral to ulnar nerve |
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what are superficial veins of upper limbs? |
-cephalic vein -basilic vein |
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pathway of superficial lymphatic system of upper limb |
lymphatic plexus of hand --> basilic/cephalic vein --> axillary lymph nodes |
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pathway of deep lymphatic system of upper limb |
radial, ulnar, brachial, axillary veins --> axillary lymph nodes |
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what are superior, medial and lateral borders of cubital fossa? |
superior: epicondyle line medial: pronator teres lateral: brachioradialis |
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relationship between cephalic vein and basilic vein in term of their location |
lateral: cephalic vein medial: basilic vein |
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what are 3 ligaments of humero-ulnar and radio-ulnar joints? |
-radial collateral ligament -ulnar collateral ligament -anular ligament of radius |
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location of radial collateral ligament |
lateral epicondyle to anular ligament of radius (proximal radio-ulnar joint) |
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location of ulnar collateral ligament |
medial epicondyle to coronoid process/olecranon of ulna |
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what are 3 bands of ulnar collateral ligament? |
-anterior band -posterior band -oblique band |
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which ligament holds radius and ulna together? |
anular ligament of radius |
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when arm is flexed, which band of ulnar collateral ligament will stretch? |
posterior band |
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when arm is extended, which band of ulnar collateral ligament will stretch? |
anterior band |
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3 types of elbow injuries |
-subclinical subluxation (radius is partially pulled downward and away from ligament) -subluxation (radius is completely pulled downward and away from ligament) -dislocation (radius is completely moved laterally away from ligament) |
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what are borders of forearm compartments? |
-antebrachial fascia -interosseous membrane -fibrous intermuscular septum |
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muscles in posterior compartment of forearm are innervated by which nerve? |
radial nerve |
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muscles in anterior compartment of forearm are innervated by which nerve? |
median nerve |
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which 2 muscles in the anterior compartment are innervate by ulnar nerve instead of median nerve? |
-1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus -flexor carpi ulnaris |
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what are superficial muscles of anterior forearm? |
-pronator teres -flexor carpi radialis -palmaris longus -flexor carpi ulnaris |
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superficial muscles of anterior forearm share a common origin, which is? |
medial epicondyle of humerus |
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pronator teres -origin -insertion -actions -innervation |
ORIGIN: -medial epicondyle of humerus via common flexor tendon -medial side of coronoid process of ulna INSERTION: -radius ACTION: -pronates at elbow joint INNERVATION: -median nerve
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flexor carpi radialis -origin -insertion -actions -innervation |
ORIGIN: -medial epicondyle of humerus via common flexor tendon INSERTION: -2nd metacarpal ACTION: -flex wrist -abduct wrist INNERVATION: -median nerve |
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palmaris longus -origin -insertion -actions -innervation |
ORIGIN: -medial condyle of humerus via common flexor tendon INSERTION: -palmar aponeurosis of hand ACTION: -flex wrist INNERVATION: -median nerve |
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flexor carpi ulnaris -origin -insertion -actions -innervation |
ORIGIN: -medial epicondyle of humerus via common flexor tendon -olecranon of ulna INSERTION: -pisiform carpal bone ACTION: -flex wrist -adduct wrist INNERVATION: -median nerve |
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what is special about palmaris longus? |
14% of people don't have it on one side of their body |
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what is an intermediate muscle of anterior forearm? |
-flexor digitorum superficialis |
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flexor digitorum superficialis -origin -insertion -actions -innervation |
ORIGIN: -medial epicondyle of humerus via common flexor tendon -upper 1/2 of radius INSERTION: -palmar aspects of middle phalanges II-V ACTION: -flex proximal interphalangeal joints INNERVATION: -median nerve |
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what are 3 deep muscles of anterior forearm? |
-flexor pollicis longus -flexor digitorum profundus -pronator quadratus |
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flexor pollicis longus -origin -insertion -actions -innervation |
ORIGIN: -proximal aspect of radius and interosseous membrane INSERTION: -distal phalanx of thumb ACTION: -flex interphalangeal joint INNERVATION: -median nerve |
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flexor digitorum profundus -origin -insertion -actions -innervation |
ORIGIN: -anterior aspect of ulna and interosseous membrane INSERTION: -distal phalanx of II-V ACTION: -flex distal interphalangeal joints INNERVATION: -ulnar nerve** -median nerve
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pronator quadratus -origin -insertion -actions -innervation |
ORIGIN: -anterior distal surface ulnar diaphysis INSERTION: -anterior distal aspect of radius ACTION: -forearm pronation INNERVATION: -median nerve |
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what are 2 arteries of anterior forearm |
-ulnar artery -radial artery |
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ulnar artery location in the anterior forearm |
-deep to superficial/intermediate layers to reach medial forearm -passes superficial to flexor retinaculum in ulnar canal at wrist and enters hand |
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radial artery location in anterior forearm |
-inferolaterally under brachioradialis muscle -lateral to flexor carpi radialis tendons in distal forearm -winds around lateral aspect of radius and crosses floor of anatomical snuff box -pierces first dorsal interosseous muscle |
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what are muscles of posterior forearm? |
-brachioradialis -anconeus -extensor carpi radialis longus -extensor carpi radialis brevis -extensor carpi ulnaris -extensor digitorum (communis) -extensor digiti minimi -extensor indicis -supinator -abductor pollicis longus -extensor pollicis longus -extensor pollicis brevis |
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which nerve innervate muscles of posterior forearm? |
radial nerve |
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extensor carpi radialis longus -origin -insertion -actions -innervation |
ORIGIN: -lateral epicondyle of humerus INSERTION: -2nd metacarpal ACTION: -extend wrist -abduct wrist INNERVATION: -radial nerve |
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extensor carpi radialis brevis -origin -insertion -actions -innervation |
ORIGIN: -lateral epicondyle of humerus INSERTION: -2nd and 3rd metacarpal ACTION: -extend wrist INNERVATION: -radial nerve -abduct wrist |
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extensor carpi ulnaris -origin -insertion -actions -innervation |
ORIGIN: -lateral epicondyle of humerus -ulna INSERTION: -5th metacarpal ACTION: -extend wrist -adduct wrist INNERVATION: -radial nerve |
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extensor digitorum (communis) -origin -insertion -actions -innervation |
ORIGIN: -lateral epicondyle of humerus INSERTION: -via extensor hoods in dorsal aspect of middle and distal phalanges of 4 fingers ACTION: -extension at fingers INNERVATION: -radial nerve |
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extensor digiti minimi -origin -insertion -actions -innervation |
ORIGIN: -lateral epicondyle of humerus INSERTION: -via extensor hoods into dorsal aspect of middle and distal phalanges of 5th finger ACTION: -extend pinkie INNERVATION: -radial nerve |
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what is the shape of extensor hoods? |
triangular |
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extensor hoods borders |
-apex: distal phalanx -central region: attached to middle phalanx -base: corner wrapped around MCP joint |
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which muscles insert into extensor hoods? |
intrinsic muscles, allowing for fine movements |
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extensor indicis -origin -insertion -actions -innervation |
ORIGIN: -ulna and interosseous membrane INSERTION: -extensor hood of index finger ACTION: -extend index finger INNERVATION: -radial nerve |
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supinator -origin -insertion -actions -innervation |
ORIGIN: -lateral epicondyle of humerus -proximal aspect of ulna below radial notch INSERTION: -lateral aspect of proximal end (radius) ACTION: -forearm supination INNERVATION: -radial nerve |
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abductor pollicis longus -origin -insertion -actions -innervation |
ORIGIN: -ulna -radius -interosseous membrane INSERTION: -base of 1st metacarpal ACTION: -abduct thumb -abduct wrist INNERVATION: -radial nerve |
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extensor pollicis longus -origin -insertion -actions -innervation |
ORIGIN: -ulna -interosseous membrane INSERTION: -distal phalanx of thumb ACTION: -extend interphalangeal joints of thumb INNERVATION: -radial nerve |
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extensor pollicis brevis -origin -insertion -actions -innervation |
ORIGIN: -radius -interosseous membrane INSERTION: -proximal phalanx of thumb ACTION: -extend metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb -extend carpometacarpal joint of thumb |
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what are the borders of anatomical snuffbox? |
medial (ulnar) border -extensor pollicis longus tendon lateral (radial) border -abductor pollcis longus -extensor pollicis brevis tendons
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what are contents of of anatomical snuffbox? |
radial artery (pulse can be taken in it) |
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anatomical snuffbox is observed into which position of the hand? |
pronation |
