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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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axilla pyramid: |
1.pec major |
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contents of axilla (5)
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1.axillary artery-extension of subclavian...begins as it cross first rib |
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scapula
-angles: SITS -glenoid -spine- -attachment point -fossae -articulation with? |
-spine: acromion
-attchmnt point: coracoid process -fossae-tissue makes into a foramen and suprascap artery goes on top of it. -articulates with humerus and clavicle |
army goes over bridge, navy goes under bridge
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rotator cuff (angles of scapula)
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Supraspinous
Infraspinous Teres Minor Subscapular |
SITS
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clavicle
-sternal extremity -acromial extremity |
-complex joint
-synovial joint, but doesn't move much |
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sternoclavicular joint
-type of joint -ligaments: (4) including an anterior and posterior |
-complex joint that joins the clavicle and the sternum
-sternoclavicular -sternoclavicular -interclavicular (~middle on top of manubrium) -costoclavicular (1st rib to clavicle) |
SSIC
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acromioclavicular
-type of joint -ligaments |
-plane type of synovial joint
-acromioclavicular -coracoclavicular --->trapezoid ligament --->conoid ligament -coracoacromial ligament |
ac
cc-tl, cl ca |
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glenohumeral joint
-type -ligaments -stability provided by ? -bursae is ? --subscapular is where? --subacromial/subdeltoid |
-ball and socket
-->glenoid labrum (on lip of socket..adds width and depth) -glenohumeral-(separate but blend into one sheet – they hold the joint together) -superior, middle, inferior -transverse humeral- (2 parts of same bone –covers intertebucliar grove – helps hold contents in grove) -coracohumeral -coracoacromial -provided by rotator cuff muscles (hold humerus into joint) -synovial sac ( connective tissue membrane filled with synovial fluid made by the membrane itself. Found where tendons are moving over bones. Function is to facilitate motion & remove friction.) -->between scapula and rib cage -->cushions deltoid muscle; also cushions supraspinatus and prevents muscles from being damaged by rubbing against bone as it glides over. |
gh
th (get the coca cola) ch ca |
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superficial muscles:
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-Trapezius |
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Teres Major
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Teres Major is NOT part of SITS (rotator cuff).
TERES MAJOR (Teres means muscle is round) Helps make the fold of the pyramid. ORIGIN: INFERIOR ANGLE OF THE SCAPULA INSERTION: INTERTUBERCULAR GROOVE OF THE HUMERUS ACTIONS: ADDUCTS AND MEDIALLY ROTATES ARM (arm = shoulder to elbow only) INNERVATION: LOWER SUBSCAPULAR NERVE |
AD
Med R. |
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STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID (STERNOMASTOID)
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Really a muscle of the neck.
ORIGIN: BY TWO HEADS FROM STERNUM AND CLAVICLE INSERTION: MASTOID PROCESS OF TEMPORAL BONE ACTION: ELEVATES AND ROTATES HEAD INNERVATED BY CN XI (along with trapezius.) |
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PECTORALIS MAJOR
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ORIGIN:
CLAVICULAR HEAD: MEDIAL HALF OF THE CLAVICLE STERNOCOSTAL HEAD: STERNUM, SUPERIOR 6 COSTAL CARTILAGES, EXTERNAL OBLIQUE APONEUROSIS INSERTION: Lateral lip of INTERTUBERCULAR GROOVE OF THE HUMERUS ACTION: ADDUCTS AND MEDIALLY ROTATES HUMERUS, AIDS IN FLEXING THE SHOULDER JOINT INNERVATION: BOTH MEDIAL AND LATERAL PECTORAL NERVES |
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DELTOID
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(can act as it’s own antagonist)
ORIGIN: LATERAL THIRD OF CLAVICLE, ACROMION, AND SPINE OF THE SCAPULA (Trap origin is on other side.) INSERTION: DELTOID TUBEROSITY OF HUMERUS ACTIONS: FLEXES AND MEDIALLY ROTATES ARM (ANTERIOR PART); ABDUCTS ARM (from about 30 degrees out and on – not from anatomical position) (MIDDLE PART); AND EXTENDS AND LATERALLY ROTATES ARM (POSTERIOR PART) INNERVATION: AXILLARY NERVE |
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Deep muscles that move scapula and therefore are upper extremity muscles
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Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor Levator Scapulae |
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Serratus Anterior
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SERRATUS ANTERIOR
ORIGIN: RIBS 1-8 INSERTION: MEDIAL (VERTEBRAL) BORDER OF THE SCAPULA ACTION: PROTRACTS (ABDUCTS) SCAPULA (major function), HOLDS SCAPULA AGAINST THORACIC WALL, ROTATES SCAPULA. INNERVATION: LONG THORACIC NERVE (VIA BRACHIAL PLEXUS) Damaged nerve can usually be seen because medial border of scapula is separated away from body. |
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Pec minor
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ORIGIN: RIBS 3-5
INSERTION: CORACOID PROCESS OF THE SCAPULA ACTION: DEPRESSES SCAPULA, ROTATES IT INFERIORLY, [weakly] PULLS SCAPULA ANTERIORLY which aids in protraction INNERVATION: MEDIAL PECTORAL NERVE (goes through pectoralis minor into major) |
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Subclavius
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ORIGIN: 1ST RIB
INSERTION: INFERIOR SURFACE OF MIDDLE THIRD OF THE CLAVICLE ACTION: DRAWS CLAVICLE MEDIALLY kind of like a shock absorber INNERVATION: NERVE TO SUBCLAVIUS |
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supraspinatus
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ORIGIN: SUPRASPINOUS FOSSA OF SCAPULA
INSERTION: GREATER TUBERCLE OF THE HUMERUS ACTION: ABDUCTION OF HUMERUS (gets first 30 degrees of lift), COMMON ACTION OF ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES INNERVATION: SUPRASCAPULAR NERVE |
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infraspinatus
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ORIGIN: INFRASPINOUS FOSSA OF SCAPULA
INSERTION: GREATER TUBERCLE OF HUMERUS ACTION: LATERALLY ROTATE HUMERUS, COMMON ACTION OF ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES INNERVATION: SUPRASCAPULAR NERVE |
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teres minor
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ORIGIN: LATERAL BORDER OF THE SCAPULA
INSERTION: GREATER TUBERCLE OF THE HUMERUS ACTION: LATERALLY ROTATE HUMERUS, COMMON ACTION OF ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES INNERVATION: AXILLARY NERVE |
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subscapularis
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ORIGIN: SUBSCAPULAR FOSSA
INSERTION: LESSER TUBERCLE OF THE HUMERUS ACTION: MEDIAL ROTATE AND ADDUCTS ARM, COMMON ACTION OF ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES INNERVATION: UPPER AND LOWER SUBSCAPULAR NERVES Common [static] action = stabilize glenoid joint. |
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scapula review
-glenoid --supraglenoid tubercle (biceps brachii) --infraglenoid tubercle (triceps brachii) -clavicle -conoid tubercle (subclavius) |
Small bumps and origins for muscles. |
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Humerus
-head -anat. neck -surgical neck -greater tubercle -less tubercle -intertubercular groove -deltoid tubercle -radial groove |
HEAD
ANATOMICAL NECK SURGICAL NECK (where most breaks that require open reduction tend to occur) GREATER TUBERCLE (more lateral) (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres min.) LESSER TUBERCLE (more medial) (subscapularis) INTERTUBERCULAR GROOVE (a.k.a. bicipital grove) (latiss. dorsi, pectoralis major, teres major) DELTOID TUBEROSITY (deltoid) RADIAL GROOVE/SULCUS (hard to see on plastic bones; can run finger along it and it will spiral around the bone) |
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humerus cont'd
-trochlea -capitulum -olecranon fossa -lateral epicondyle -medial epicondyle -supracondylear ridges |
TROCHLEA (Latin for pullie - groved surface)
CAPITULUM (means little head – articulation of radius) Olecranon fossa for olecranon process of ulna. LATERAL EPICONDYLE (supinator, anconeus, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digiti minimi, extensor digitorum, extensor carpi radialis brevis) MEDIAL EPICONDYLE (flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris* – humeral head, flexor digitorum superficialis – humeroulnar head, palmaris longus, pronator teres – humeral head) SUPRACONDYLEAR RIDGES MEDIAL LATERAL (extensor carpi radialis longus, brachioradialis) * Innervated by ulnar nerve (rather than medial nerve) |
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Ulna
-head -styloid process -olecranon process -coranoid process -trochlear notch -radial notch -tuberosity |
Head of ulna is distal (only bone like this); head of radius is proximal.
Note coranoid process is not same as coracoid. HEAD (DISTAL) STYLOID PROCESS (Latin for needle is stylis) OLECRANON PROCESS CORANOID PROCESS (flexor digitorum superficialis – humeroulnar head, pronator teres – ulnar head, brachialis) TROCHLEAR NOTCH (mirror image of trochlear – tight integration) RADIAL NOTCH [ULNAR] TUBEROSITY (brachialis) |
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radius
-head -neck -tuberosity -styloid process -ulnar notch |
tuberosity-biceps brachii
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wrist and hand
-carpals -metacarpals -phalanges |
CARPALS (8) |
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glenohumeral
-type of joint -glenoid labrum- -3 glenohumeral -coracohumeral -transverse humeral- |
-multiaxial synovial jt
-ring-like structure that deepens the glenoid cavity -bridges over intertubercular groove |
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cubital (elbow) joint
-type -humeroulner -humeroradial -prox. radioulnar joint Ligaments -ulnar (med)collateral- -radial (lat)collateral- -annular- |
-compound synovial joint
-ulnar m.c.-running same direction -radial l.c.-radial "cuital" -annular-"ring" ulna around radius back to ulna |
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radius and ulna
-proximal -distal -middle ---interosseous membrane |
-UNIAXIAL, ROTATION
CAPSULE IS PART OF CUBITAL JOINT CAPSULE ANNULAR LIGAMENT OBLIQUE CORD (CHECK LIGAMENT) -UNIAXIAL, SYNOVIAL JOINT, PIVOT -SYNDESMOSIS INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANE- serves as muscle attachment, serves to transfer impact from hand and from the radius to the ulna. -stress directed from radius to ulna is more sturdy |
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Compartments:
-Anterior-? type of muscles? -Posterior-? type of muscles? |
GENERAL RULE:
ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT: FLEXORS (May have other duties and there might be exceptions but all perform flexion) POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT: EXTENSORS Nerve and vascular is by compartment too. Compartments divided by tissue evolving from the bone. |
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anterior compartment:
which muscles belong? |
-biceps brachii
-brachialis -coraco-brachialis -musculocutaneous nerve |
bbc flexors
Biceps brachii – whole length of arm (shoulder to forearm (radius)) Coracobrachialis – upper half of arm (shoulder to mid humerus) Brachialis – lower half of arm (mid humerus to forearm (ulnar)) |
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biceps brachii
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ORIGIN
SHORT HEAD: CORACOID PROCESS OF SCAPULA LONG HEAD: SUPRAGLENOID TUBERCLE (on the scapula) INSERTION: RADIAL TUBEROSITY AND FASCIA OF FOREARM BY BICIPITAL APONEUROSIS- bicipital aponeurosis merges into the fascia of the forearm ACTION: SUPINATES FOREARM (1st) AND [then] FLEXES AT ELBOW WHEN FOREARM IS SUPINE, ASSISTS WITH FLEXION OF THE SHOULDER INNERVATION (compartment wide): MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE Damage to nerve means loss of flexion of elbow. |
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brachialis (deep to biceps)
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ORIGIN: DISTAL HALF OF THE ANTERIOR SURFACE OF THE HUMERUS
INSERTION: CORONOID PROCESS AND ULNAR TUBEROSITY ACTION: FLEXES FOREARM ON ARM (elbow joint) |
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coracobrachialis
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ORIGIN: CORACOID PROCESS OF SCAPULA
INSERTION: MIDDLE, MEDIAL SURFACE OF HUMERUS ACTION: FLEXION OF SHOULDER AND ADDUCTION OF THE ARM |
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triceps brachii
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ORIGIN:
LONG HEAD: INFRAGLENOID TUBERCLE OF SCAPULA LATERAL HEAD: POSTERIOR SURFACE OF HUMERUS MEDIAL HEAD: POSTERIOR SURFACE OF HUMERUS INSERTION: OLECRANON PROCESS OF ULNA AND FASCIA OF FOREARM ACTION: EXTENDS THE FOREARM, ASSISTS WITH EXTENSION OF THE SHOULDER AND ADDUCTION OF THE SHOULDER. INNERVATION: RADIAL NERVE |
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FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS (flexor of wrist inserting on radius side)
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ORIGIN: MEDIAL EPICONDYLE OF HUMERUS & SUPRACONDYLE RIDGE
INSERTION: BASE OF SECOND METACARPAL (thumb side / radius side) ACTION: FLEXES AND ABDUCTS HAND INNERVATION: MEDIAL NERVE |
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flexor carpi ulnaris
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ORIGIN:
HUMERAL HEAD: MEDIAL EPICONDYLE OF HUMERUS ULNAR HEAD: OLECRANON AND POSTERIOR BORDER OF ULNA INSERTION: PISIFORM, HOOK OF HAMATE, AND FIFTH METACARPAL BONES ACTION: FLEXES AND ADDUCTS HAND INNERVATION: ULNAR NERVE (exception for compartment) |
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flexor digitorum superficialis
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ORIGIN:
HUMEROULNAR HEAD: MEDIAL EPICONDYLE OF HUMERUS, ULNAR COLLATERAL LIGAMENT, CORONOID PROCESS OF ULNA RADIAL HEAD: SUPERIOR HALF OF THE ANTERIOR BORDER OF THE RADIUS INSERTION: BODIES OF THE MIDDLE PHALANGES OF DIGITS 2-5. ACTION: FLEXES MIDDLE PHALANGES, PROXIMAL PHALANGE, AND HAND INNERVATION: MEDIAL NERVE |
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palmaris longus
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ORIGIN: MEDIAL EPICONDYLE OF THE HUMERUS
INSERTION: DISTAL HALF OF THE FLEXOR RETINACULUM AND THE PALMAR APONEUROSIS ACTION: FLEXES HAND AND TIGHTENS THE PALMAR APONEUROSIS INNERVATION: MEDIAL NERVE |
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pronator teres
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ORIGIN: MEDIAL EPICONDYLE OF HUMERUS AND CORONOID PROCESS OF ULNA
INSERTION: MIDDLE OF LATERAL SURFACE OF RADIUS ACTION: PRONATES FOREARM AND FLEXES AT ELBOW INNERVATION: MEDIAL NERVE |
(round – crosses elbow joint so it’s also a flexor)
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flexor digitorum profundus
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ORIGIN: MEDIAL AND ANTERIOR SURFACES OF ULNA AND THE INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANE (muscle attachment without weight of bone) |
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flexor pollicis longus
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ORIGIN: ANTERIOR SURFACE OF RADIUS AND ADJACENT INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANE
INSERTION: BASE OF DISTAL PHALANX OF THE 1ST DIGIT (THUMB) ACTION: FLEXES PHALANGES OF THE FIRST DIGIT (THUMB) INNERVATION: MEDIAL NERVE |
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pronator quadratus
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ORIGIN: DISTAL FOURTH OF THE ANTERIOR SURFACE OF THE ULNA
INSERTION: DISTAL FOURTH OF THE ANTERIOR SURFACE OF THE RADIUS ACTION: PRONATES FOREARM AND HOLDS DISTAL ENDS OF RADIUS AND ULNA TOGETHER. EXCEPTION TO COMPARTMENT RULE – doesn’t flex anything. INNERVATION: MEDIAL NERVE |
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anterior compartment innervation
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MEDIAN NERVE EXCEPT FOR 1-½ MUSCLES.
EXCEPTIONS: FLEXSOR CARPI ULNARIS (1) MEDIAL HALF OF FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS (½) EXCEPTIONS: ULNAR NERVE |
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flexor retinaculum
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a strong band of fibrous tissue running 90 degrees across tendons. Function is to prevent bowstringing of tendons. To prevent tendons from fraying they are wrapped in a synovial sheet (a.k.a. a bursa that surrounds something).
STRONG FIBROUS BAND PASSING ACROSS THE WRIST, CONVERTING THE CARPAL CONCAVITY INTO A CARPAL TUNNEL (makes a roof) TENDONS, NERVES, AND VESSELS PASS THROUGH THE CARPAL TUNNEL MEDIAL ATTACHMENT: PISIFORM BONE HOOK OF HAMATE LATERAL ATTACHMENT: SUPERFICIAL LAMINA: ATTACHED TO THE TUBERCLES OF THE SCAPHOID AND TRAPEZIUM DEEP LAMINA: MEDIAL LIP OF GROOVE ON TRAPEZIUM ULNAR VESSELS AND NERVE AND PALMAR CUTANEOUS BRANCHES OF MEDIAN AND ULNAR NERVES PASS SUPERFICIAL TO THE RETINACULUM |
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superficial retaniculum
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SUPERFICIAL PART OF THE FLEXOR RETINACULUM
DIFFERENT FROM SUPERFICIAL LAMINA DESCRIBED IN PREVIOUS SLIDE THICKENING OF ANTEBRACHIAL FASCIA THAT EXTENDS LATERALLY FROM THE PISIFORM BONE CROSSES SUPERFICIAL TO THE ULNAR VESSELS AND NERVE AND BLENDS WITH THE FLEXOR RETINACULUM LATERAL TO THEM SYNOVIAL TENDON SHEATHS STRUCTURE: FUNCTION: ATTACHMENTS TO THE RETINACULUM TENDONS OF PALMARIS LONGUS TENDON OF FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS SOME MUSCLES OF THE THENAR AND HYPOTHENAR EMINENCIES |
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posterior compartment superficial muscles (all radial nerve innervation?)
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Aconeus
Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum Extensor Digiti Minimi Extensor Carpi Ulnaris |
all extensors but brachioradialis
-one is a triceps helper-extends elbow joint |
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post compartment
deep muscles |
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Pollicis Brevis Extensor Indicus Supinator |
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brachioradialis
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Origin |
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carpal tunnel
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Things are rubbing against one another and that causes inflammation. (Common once electric typewrites came out but not seen in manual typewriters because to use a manual typewriter you have to flex the wrist.) Inflammation causes adhesions which cause more inflammation.
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extensor carpi radialis longus
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Origin
Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus Insertion Base of 2nd metacarpal Action Extend and abduct hand at wrist joint Innervation Radial Nerve |
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extensor carpi radialis brevis
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Origin
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus Insertion Base of 3rd metacarpal bone Action Extend and abduct hand at wrist joint Innervation Radial Nerve |
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extensor digitorum
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Origin
Lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion Extensor expansions (hoods) of digits 2-5 Action Extends digits 2-5 @ metacarpophalangeal jt Extends hand at the wrist joint Innervation Radial Nerve |
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extensor digiti minimi
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Origin |
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extensor carpi ulnaris
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Origin
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus and posterior border of the ulna Insertion Base of the 5th metacarpal Action Extends and adducts hand at the wrist joint Innervation Radial Nerve |
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anconceus
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Origin |
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abductor pollicis longus
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Origin |
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extensor pollicis longus
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Origin
Posterior surface of ulna and interosseus membrane Insertion Base of distal phalanx of 1st digit Action Extends the 1st digit at the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal jts. Innervation Radial Nerve |
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extensor pollicis brevis
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Origin |
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extensor indicus
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Origin
Posterior surface of the ulna and interosseous membrane Insertion Extensor expansion (hood) of 2nd digit Action Extends 2nd digit and helps extend hand Innervation Radial Nerve |
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supinator
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Origin
Lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and annular ligaments, supinator fossa and crest of ulna Insertion Proximal 1/3 of the radius Action Supinates forearm (exception) Innervation Radial Nerve |
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snuff box
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FORMED BY THE TENDONS OF:
ABDUCTOR POLLICIS LONGUS AND EXTENSOR POLLICIS BREVIS EXTENSOR POLLICIS LONGUS |
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extensor retaniculum
-6 compartments -attachments: radius ant. br -medial -acroos dorsum -antebrachial fascia |
EXTENDS ACROSS THE RADIOCARPAL DORSUM
FORMED OF ANTEBRACHIAL FASCIA STRENGTHENED BY OBLIQUE TRANSVERSE FIBERS ATTACHMENTS: LATERAL: ANTERIOR BORDER OF RADIUS MEDIAL: TRIQUETRAL AND PISIFORM BONES AND DORSAL ASPECT OF RADIUS |
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