Axial Skeleton

Front 1

intervertebral foramina

Back 1

space between adjacent vertebra through which nerves flow/exit the spinal cord

Front 2

primary curvatures

Back 2

thoracic curvature and pelvic curvature

called so because these are in the same direction as those that were present at birth

Front 3

secondary curvatures

Back 3

cervical and lumbar curvatures

called so because these are in the opposite direction as those that were present at birth

Front 4

vertebral foramen

Back 4

hole through which the spinal cord runs

Front 5

spinous process

Back 5

"nose" of the animals

Front 6

transverse processes

Back 6

protrusions on the sides of vertebra that extend laterally

Front 7

vertebral arch

Back 7

ring around foramen that connects spinous process and body

Front 8

pedicles

Back 8

anterior part of vertebral arch, closer to the body

Front 9

laminae

Back 9

posterior part of vertebral arch, closer to spinous process

Front 10

superior articular processes

Back 10

processes that articulate with vertebrae above them, horns on giraffe

Front 11

inferior articular processes

Back 11

parts of vertebrae that articulate with the vertebra below them

Front 12

cervical vertebrae

Back 12

SEVEN

Front 13

transverse foramina

Back 13

foramen in transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae that vertebral arteries and vertebral veins pass through. (she says nerves)?

Front 14

costal process

Back 14

area surrounding the transverse foramina, only in cervical vertebra

Front 15

bifid spinous process

Back 15

two "noses" on the animal. spinous process splitting. in C2-C6. cervical vertebra

Front 16

atlas

Back 16

C1 most superior vertebrae that articulates with the occipital condyles.

Front 17

axis

Back 17

C2 second vertebrae. articulates with the atlas via the odontoid process (dens)

Front 18

odontoid process

Back 18

aka dens. located on the atlas. articulates up into the atlas and provides for cranial rotation

Front 19

vertebral prominens

Back 19

C7-First vertebrae that you can feel through your skin

Cervical vertebra

Front 20

thoracic vertebrae

Back 20

T1-T12

Front 21

Transverse costal facets

Back 21

articulates with the tubercles of the ribs

these are on the ends of the transverse processes

Front 22

demifacets

Back 22

(aka superior and inferior costal facets) parts of the body that articulate with the heads of the ribs

Front 23

lumbar vertebra

Back 23

five

have short flate spinous processes

rhino vertebra

Front 24

sacrum

Back 24

3-5 fused vertebra (S1-S5)

Front 25

auricular surface of the sacrum

Back 25

articulates with the auricular process of the ilium of the pelvis

Front 26

sacral promontory

Back 26

most superior sacral disc that articulates with L5

Front 27

superior articular process of the sacrum

Back 27

two horns at the top of the sacrum that articulates with the inferior articular process of the L5

Front 28

sacral canal

Back 28

canal through sacrum through which the spinal cord passes

Front 29

ventral sacral foramina

Back 29

holes in the sacrum as seen from the front (anterior)

Front 30

dorsal sacral foramina

Back 30

holes in the sacrum as seen from the back (posterior)

Front 31

median sacral crest

Back 31

ridges dorsal and medial on the sacrum

Front 32

lateral sacral crest

Back 32

ridges dorsal and lateral on the sacrum

Front 33

sacral hiatus

Back 33

most inferior tip of the sacrum where the end of the sacral canal is

Front 34

coccyx

Back 34

Co1-Co4

Front 35

coccygeal cornua

Back 35

horns of coccyx on either side

Front 36

head of ribs

Back 36

part of ribs that articulates with the demifacets (inferior costal process and superior costal process) on thoracic vertebrae

aka capitulum

Front 37

tubercle of the ribs

Back 37

articulates with the transverse costal processes of the thoracic vertebrae

aka the tuberculum

Front 38

neck of the ribs

Back 38

shaft between the tubercle of the ribs and the head of the ribs

Front 39

true ribs

Back 39

ribs 1-8 that have their own costal cartilage to connect to the sternum

Front 40

false ribs

Back 40

ribs 9-12 whose costal cartilage either merges with superior ribs OR dont have costal cartilage at all

Front 41

median sacral crest

Back 41

ridges dorsal and medial on the sacrum

Front 42

lateral sacral crest

Back 42

ridges dorsal and lateral on the sacrum

Front 43

sacral hiatus

Back 43

most inferior tip of the sacrum where the end of the sacral canal is

Front 44

coccyx

Back 44

Co1-Co4

Front 45

coccygeal cornua

Back 45

horns of coccyx on either side

Front 46

head of ribs

Back 46

articulates with the demifacets (inferior costal process and superior costal process) on thoracic vertebrae

aka capitulum

Front 47

tubercle of the ribs

Back 47

part of rib that articulates with the transverse costal processes of the thoracic vertebrae

aka the tuberculum

Front 48

neck of the ribs

Back 48

shaft between the tubercle of the ribs and the head of the ribs

Front 49

true ribs

Back 49

ribs 1-8 that have their own costal cartilage to connect to the sternum

Front 50

false ribs

Back 50

ribs 9-12 whose costal cartilage either merges with superior ribs OR dont have costal cartilage at all

Front 51

floating ribs

Back 51

ribs 11 and 12 because they do not connect to the sternum at all

Front 52

costal cartilages

Back 52

connects ribs to the sternum

Front 53

sternum

Back 53

bone that connects to ribs via costal cartilage

Front 54

manubrium

Back 54

most superior portion of the sternum

Front 55

xyphoid process

Back 55

most inferior portion of the sternum

Front 56

body of the sternum

Back 56

middle portion of the sternum

Front 57

Girdle

Back 57

something that encompasses the body. Pelvic girdle is a TRUE girdle. Pectoral girdle is an incomplete girdle

Front 58

clavicle

Back 58

anterior bone that articulates with the manubrium of the sternum and the scapula

blunt club end art with the manubrium and the flate platelike end art with the scapula at acromion

Front 59

superior surface of the clavicle

Back 59

top SMOOTH side

Front 60

inferior surface of the clavicle

Back 60

POINTED side of the clavicle

Front 61

sternal end of the clavicle

Back 61

medial end of the clavicle that articulates with the manubrium of the sternum

clublike

Front 62

acromial end of the clavicle

Back 62

lateral end that is platelike that articulates with the acromion of the scapula

Front 63

conoid tubercle of the clavicle

Back 63

inferior protrusion on the acromial end of the clavicle

Front 64

costal tuberosity of the clavical

Back 64

roughness of the sternal end of the clavicle

Front 65

medial border of the scapula

Back 65

longer side of the scapula

aka vertebral border

Front 66

lateral border of the scapula

Back 66

shorter side of the scapula

aka axillary border

Front 67

scapular spine

Back 67

process on the BACK, faces posteriorly

serves as a ridge for muscle attachment

Front 68

acromion

Back 68

part that sticks up out of top of the scapula that is out by itself

Front 69

coracoid process

Back 69

fingerlike projection at the top of the scapula

Front 70

glenoid cavity

Back 70

of the scapula

cavity that articulates with the humerus bone

Front 71

supraglenoid tubercle

Back 71

ridge around the glenoid cavity that is superior

Front 72

infraglenoid tubercle

Back 72

ridge around the glenoid cavity that is inferior

Front 73

supraspinous fossa

Back 73

space above the scapular spine

Front 74

infraspinous fossa

Back 74

space below the scapular spin

Front 75

subscapular fossa

Back 75

anterior side of the scapula

Front 76

os coxae

Back 76

bones of the pelvis

Front 77

acetabulum

Back 77

space where the head of the femur sits

Front 78

obturator foramen

Back 78

hole inferior to acetabulum

Front 79

true pelvis

Back 79

lower completely enclosed circle of the pelvis

Front 80

pelvic brim

Back 80

line around the true pelvis

Front 81

pelvic inlet

Back 81

space inside the pelvic brim that constitutes the true pelvis

Front 82

false pelvis

Back 82

superior region of the pevic girlde

false because it is an incomplete girdle

Front 83

iliac crest

Back 83

of the ilium

hipbone, most superior portion of the ilium

Front 84

auricular surface of the ilium

Back 84

aka the sacroiliac joint

rough surface that articulates with the sacrum

Front 85

anterior superior iliac spine

Back 85

top front spine on ilium

Front 86

anterior inferior iliac spine

Back 86

bottom front spine on ilium

Front 87

posterior inferior iliac spine

Back 87

back bottom spine on ilium

Front 88

posterior superior iliac spine

Back 88

top back spine on ilium

Front 89

greater sciatic notch

Back 89

ridge where sciatic nerve runs

Front 90

gluteal line

Back 90

on lateral surface of ilium where the gluteus muscles attach

Front 91

lesser sciatic notch

Back 91

below the greater sciatic notch

part of the ischium

Front 92

ischial tuberosity

Back 92

roughness of the most inferior border of os coxae "bony butt"

Front 93

ischial spine

Back 93

ridge between greater and lesser sciatic notch

Front 94

symphysis pubis

Back 94

fibrocartilage disc between both os coxae.

function is to cushion impact and the allow for expansion in women (birthing)

Front 95

pubic arch

Back 95

v crated by the two pubic bones