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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the mastoid region/process? it is part of which bone?
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site for neck muscle attachment
contains air sinuses mastoid process is part of the temporal bone |
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where do you find cavities of the middle and inner ear?
a. occipital bone b. parietal bone c. temporal bone d. frontal bone |
the temporal bone (PETROUS REGION) houses the middle and inner ear cavities
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in which bone do you find the superior orbital fissure?
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in the sphenoid bone is the superior orbital fissure
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the cribiform plate, crista galli, and perpendicular plate are part of which bone/
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ethmoid bone
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which part of the ethmoid bone contains the olfactory foramina?
a. cribiform plate b. crista galli c. perpendicular plate d. lateral masses |
the olfactory foramina are in the cribiform plate (one on each side of the crista galli)
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which bone is the lateral mass a part of?
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ethmoid bone, the lateral mass contains air cells
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what are the two unpaired bones in the face?
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mandible
vomer |
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what is the largest and strongest facial bone?
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mandible
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which facial bone contains the maxillary sinus?
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the maxillary bone contains the maxillary sinus
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what is the alveolar margin?
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the alveolar margin is the gap/distance btwn the mandible and maxillary bones (where your teeth are)
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where is the zygomatic bone?
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zygomatic bone is part of the maxillary facial bone, it forms the lateral wall of the orbits
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where is the vomer?
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vomer forms the inferior part of the nasal septum; unpaired bone
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which is NOT part of the nasal septum?
a. vomer bone b. septal cartilage c. maxilla d. ethmoid bone |
the vomer bone, septal cartilage and ethmoid bones are part of the nasal septum
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what are the orbital wall openings?
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superior orbital fissures
inferior orbital fissures optic canals lacrimal fossa |
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what bone is not in direct contact with any other bone?
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hyoid bone
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where is the hyoid bone?
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hyoid bone is inferior to the mandible in anterior neck
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what is the purpose of the hyoid bone?
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hyoid bone acts as a movable base for the tongue
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structure of the vertebral column starting from the top
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7 cervical vertebrae
12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 fused sacrum 1 coccyx |
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3 purposes of vertebral column
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protects spinal cord
site of attachment for muscles of neck & back transmits weight of trunk to lower limbs |
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which parts of the vertebral column are concave posteriorly
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cervical & lumbar are concave
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which part of vertebral column is convex posteriorly
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thoracic is convex
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why is the vertebral column curved?
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vertebrae is curved because it increases the resilience of the spine
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T/F the curvature of the thoracic and sacral curvatures are present at birth
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TRUE
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what do ligaments connect?
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ligaments connect bone to bone
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is the anterior longitudinal ligament wide/narrow? what does it attach?
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anterior longitudinal ligament is wide & attaches bony vertebrae to intervertebral discs to prevent hyperextension
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is the posterior longitudinal ligament wide/narrow? what does it attach?
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posterior longitudinal ligament is narrow, attaches only to intervertebral discs to prevent hyperflexion
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what kind of tissue is the ligamentum flavum? what does it connect?
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ligamentum flavum has elastic connective tissue & connects lamina of adjacent vertebrae
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what is the nucleus pulposus?
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nucleus pulposus is the gelatinous inner sphere of the intervertebral discs
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what is the purpose of the nucleus pulposus?
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nucleus pulposus absorbs compression stress, made of fibrocartilage
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what is the anulus fibrosus?
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outer rings formed of ligament of the intervertebral discs
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which is not a type of movement that can occur btwn vertebrae?
a. flexion b. rotation c. lateral flexion d. extension e. all of the above |
the vertebrae can have all of the above: flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation
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where is the spinous process?
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posteriorly of the vertebrae (gives the dinosaur look in the back)
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which are the lightest vertebrae in the spine?
a. cervical b. thoracic c. lumbar d. sacrum |
the cervical vertebrae are the lightest in the spine
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which vertebrae is the atlas? purpose?
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C1 of the cervical; the atlas supports the head and enables nodding
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what features (or lack thereof) make the atlas, C1, unique?
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the atlas has no body and no spinous process :o
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which vertebrae is the axis? purpose?
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C2 of the cervical; it allows rotation of the head from side to side
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what is the dens? where is it located? purpose?
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knoblike projection that comes out superiorly from C2, the axis. the dens allows the head to rotate from side to side
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which part of the vertebrae is triangular and large?
a. spinous process b. the body c. transverse process d. vertebral foramen |
the vetebral foramen is large and triangular (its where the spinal cord goes)
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what part of the vertebrae is short and bifid?
a. spinous process b. the body c. transverse process d. vertebral foramen |
the spinous process is short and bifid (except for C7)
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which part of the vertebrae contains foramina?
a. spinous process b. the body c. transverse process d. vertebral foramen |
the tranverse processes contain foramina
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which part of the vertebrae allows the least amount of movement?
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lumbar
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what are the characteristics of the thoracic vertebrae?
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all articulate with ribs
body: larger than cervical, heart shaped spinous process: long, point inferiorly vertebral foramen; round |
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Which facets of the thoracic vertebrae does not connect to the head of the ribs?
a. superior costal facet b. inferior costal facet c. transverse costal facet |
the transverse costal facet connects to the tubercle of the rib (except T11 & T12), not the head
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not to be confused with the superior/inferior costal facets, which direction do the superior ARTICULAR facet and inferior articular process point?
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superior articular facet points posteriorly
inferior articular process points anteriorly |
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what is the most superior region of the sternum?
a. manubrium b. body c. xyphoid process |
the manubrium is the most superior portion of the sternum
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when does the xiphoid process ossify?
a. never b. 40 years c. 20 years d. 10 years |
the xyphoid process ossifies at age 40
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why are T1-T7 called "true ribs"?
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thoracic 1-7 are true ribs because they articulate with the sternum
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what is the jugular notch?
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the jugular notch is part of the sternum; it is the central indentation superior to the manubrium
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what is the sternal angle?
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the sternal angle is part of the sternum, it is the ridge at which the manubrium and body meet
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what is they xiphisternal joint?
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part of the sternum, the xiphisternal joint is where the xiphoid process and body fuse; it is at the level of T9
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which are the vertebrosternal ribs?
a. ribs 1-7 b. ribs 1-10 c. ribs 8-10 d. ribs 11-12 |
ribs 1-7 are the vertebrosternal ribs
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which are the vertechondral ribs?
a. ribs 1-7 b. ribs 1-10 c. ribs 8-10 d. ribs 11-12 |
ribs 8-10 are the vertebrochondral ribs
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which are the floating ribs?
a. ribs T1-7 b. ribs T1-10 c. ribs T8-10 d. ribs T11-12 |
ribs T11-12 are the floating ribs
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which ribs attach to the sternum indirectly AKA false ribs?
a. 1-7 b. 8-12 c. 8-10 d. 11-12 |
ribs 8-12 are false ribs & connected indirectly to the sternum
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describe the lumbar vertebrae;
body: transverse process: vertebral foramina: |
lumbar vertebrae bodies are thick and robust
tranverse process: thin, tapered vertebral foramina: triangular |
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the lumbar vertebrae allow what kind of movement?
a. flexion b. extension c. rotation d. a & b e. all of the above |
the lumbar vertebrae allows flexion and extension
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what is the sacrum?
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sacrum is part of the vertebrae; 5 fused vertebrae
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what is the sacral promontory?
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the top of the sacral vertebrae which bulges into the pelvic cavity
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what are the four transverse ridges?
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the four transverse ridges are the lines on the sacrum marking the fusion of the vertebrae
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what are the anterior sacral foramina? does it transmit the ventral/dorsal rami
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the anterior sacral foramina transmit the ventral rami of the sacral spinal nerve! (they're the holes in the sacrum)
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which can not be seen on the posterior view of the sacrum?
a. facets of the superior articular processes b. median sacral crest c. four transverse ridges d. ala |
the posterior view of the sacrum does not include the four ridges
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what is the median sacral crest?
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the dinosaur look on the posterior of the sacrum
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what is the ala?
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the ala, the "wing" develops from fused rib elements. its the protrusions on the top edges of the sacrum
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what does the posterior sacral foramina transmit?
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the posterior sacral foramina transmit the dorsal rami of the sacral spinal nerves
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what is the coccyx?
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the coccyx is the "tailbone"; formed from 3-5 vertebrae; offers light pelvic support
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what is cleft palate? it is a disorder of which system?
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cleft palate is a disorder of the axial skeleton and is when the right and left halves of the palate fail to fuse
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scoliosis? disorder of which system?
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SCOLIOSIS
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine; disorder of the axial skeleton |
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kyphosis?
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KYPHOSIS
exaggerated thoracic curvature; disorder of the axial skeleton |
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lordosis?
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LORDOSIS
accentuated lumbar curvature, "swayback"; disorder of the axial skeleton |
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what are fontanelles?
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fontanelles are unossified remnants of membranes at birth
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what is the purpose of the fontanelle?
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fontanelles allow the skull to safely compress so the infant can pass through the birth canal
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does water content of the intervertebral discs increase or decrease with age?
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water content DECREASES with age
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does the thorax become more or less rigid with age?
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the thorax becomes MORE rigid as costal cartilage gradually ossifies
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when is the skull half the size of an adult skull?
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at 9 months, the skull is 1/2 the size of the adult skull
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when is the skull 3/4 adult size?
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at 2 years old, the skull is 3/4 adult size
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when is the skull almost adult size?
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at 8-9 years old, the skull is almost adult size
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