Axial Muscles

Front 1

The axial muscles attach to the axial skeleton to position the ____ and ______

Back 1

head and vertebral column

Front 2

Axial skeletal muscles move this for respiration

Back 2

rib cage

Front 3

Axial muscles don't play a role in _______ or _________ of the pectoral and peliv girdles or the limbs

Back 3

movement or stabilization

Front 4

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
-location
-action

Back 4

1. bilateral contraction flexes the neck and head
2. unilateral contraction produces contralateral rotation to the opposite side
3. unilateral contraction produces ipsilateral flexion (bending) to the same side
4. accessory muscle of respiration

Front 5

Splenius muscles

Back 5

1. bilateral contraction: extends head and neck
2. unilateral contraction: ipsilateral flexion (Bending) and ipsilateral rotation of head to the same side
same side rotation and flexion of head

Front 6

What are the 3 muscles of the Erector Spinae muscle group? aka sacrospinalis (3 vertical columns of muscle)

Back 6

1. spinalis muscle (most medial)
2. Longissimus muscle (intermediate location)
3. Iliocostalis muscle (most lateral of the three groups)

"I Love Spaghetti" (lateral-->medial)

Front 7

Congenital Muscular Torticollis (CMT), aka wryneck

Back 7

-newborn has shortened adn tightened SCM
-result of trauma during birth
-Treatment: stretching, physical therapy, maybe surgery

Front 8

The true back muscles are the ________ and move the (2 things) and maintain an upright posture

Back 8

intrinsic muscles, vertebral column and head

Front 9

Back muscles are innervated segmentally by what?

Back 9

dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves

Front 10

The instrinsic muscles are arranged in three layers:

Back 10

1. Superficial layer- Splenius m.
2. Intermediate layer- erector spinae group
3. Deep layer-- transversospinalis group

Front 11

Longest mm. are more __________ and shortest mm. are _________

Back 11

superficial, deeper

Front 12

Actions of the erector spinae (sacrospinalis)

Back 12

1. primary "extensors" of the vertebral column (extend the vertebral column)
2. bilateral- extend the VC, important postural mm.
3. unilateral contraction, ipsilateral flexion (bending) the head/vertebral column to the same side

Front 13

Transversospinalis group has 3 layers of muscle, and across which vertebrae do they span?

Back 13

1. Semispinalis (most superficial)---span 4-6 vertabrae
2. Multifidus-- span 2-4 vertabrae
3. Rotatores (deepest)-- span 1-2 vertabrae

Front 14

Actions of transversospinalis group

Back 14

1. bilateral contraction- extension of head, neck, and thorax
2. unilateral contraction- localized contralateral rotation to opposite side
3. stabilization of vertabral column

Front 15

Correct order of abdominal muscles from superficial to deep

Back 15

Rectus Abdominus (RA) (anterior)
oblique--
1.External abdominal oblique (EAO)
2. Internal Abdominal Oblique (IAO)
3. Transversus Abdominis (TA)

Front 16

Actions of abdominal muscles

Back 16

1. unilateral contraction of EAO and IAO- contralateral rotation of the trunk to opposite side and lateral flexion of trunk to same side

Front 17

What is the rectus sheath and how is it related to the rectus abdominus muscle?

Back 17

a fibrous sheath, the RA is entirely enclosed by it
it is formed by the aponeuroses of the three lateral muscles

Front 18

What is the linea alba?

Back 18

-band of connective tissue that runs along the midline of the anterior abdominal wall extending from xiphoid process to pubic symphonium