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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Reasons for rapid growth of the colonial poulation
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-Immigrants needing land
-High birth rate -Low death rate |
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Why New England had a larger population than the southern colonies.
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Because most of the settlers from the great migration came and stayed in New England
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How the population explosion affected the economy of the colonies
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Affected it by a growing economy and a rising standard of living
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Redemptioners
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Europeans or ppl in England who waited by the harbor and sold themselves to ship captains to get to colonies. When they reached land, they were auctioned off to the highest bidder. They worked to pay off their debt from 5-7 years.
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The scotch-Irish were..
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Scottish calvanists. British government wanted them to move to Ireland and later moved to America
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The significance of scotch-irish
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They contributed to the migration of the west having conflict with indians. Ignored british restriction and the contributing factor to the american revolution
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The group that first came to Virginia in 1619
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Africans
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Lifestyles of the gentry in VA,MD,and NC.
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Lived extravigant lifestyles. They lived in large houses and they were foxhunting, horseracing and parting. Made a lot of $ from tobacco, mostly English decent, and copied English aristocrats.
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Lifestyle in Tidewater So. Carolina.
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Blacks outnumbered whites
There were a number of wealthy white families, but the rest of the whites were the poorest among others in the colonies. |
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Why SC planters had less trouble with debt than planters in Chesapeke bay.
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SC planters' crop was tobacco and it brought in a lot of money and fluxuated. Chesapeke Bay had indigo and rice which were stable.
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Why there were more absentee plantation owners in Carolina than other colonies
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Because in the summer it would be really hot and diseases were spread
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The important port that was established in Carolina
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Charleston
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How the economy of So. Backcountry differed from Tidewater area
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Backcountry had small farms-mixed substaining agriculture- making enough to survive. Tidewater had tobacco plantations which brought in a lot of money
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Relations between So.Backcountry and Tidewater
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They conflicted. Backcountry farmers were paying taxes and they weren't getting anything in return
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Groups that dominated Pennsylvania
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Quakers and Germans
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Triangular trade
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NE would bring rum to africa. Africa would bring slaves to the West Indies. Then West Indies would bring money and mollases back to NE.
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How puritan lifestyle changed in the 18th century
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They made a lot of money so they dressed nicer and focused more on material things
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The most democratic society found in the colonies
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New England
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How life in cities compared to life in other colonies
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more skilled, educated, higher standard of living and better informed with newspapers.
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John Peter Zenger
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A neswpaper man in NY who criticized the royal governor. He was charged with libel and sentenced to court. Jury found him not guilty and set a precident for freedom of press.
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Factors that contributed to unity among colonies
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- Common religion
- Shared experience - English political tradition - Shared English legal tradition - Common language |
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Description of the stucture of colonial government
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Royal governor
Legislature (bicameral)' Upper- governors council- advised governor Lower- elected assembly- control over money and governors salary |
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The conflict that faced royal governors
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He was appointed by English government and was expected orders. Lived with colonists who had control over his money.
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The branch of colonial government that gradually became more powerful and why
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The lower house of the legislature because thay had control over the money
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The class that usually controlled assemblies and how they sustained their power.
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The upper class (rich). They sustained their power by passing laws, setting property qualifications for voting, and not giving representation to western areas
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The sectional political conflicts that existed in the colonies (5)
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- Money
- No representation - No protection from indians - No roads - Tithe- Tax to support church in colony |
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The condition of religion in the colonies in 18th century
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Religion was in decline. Nobodyworried about religion, they were more focused on material items
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What an established chirch is, the established churches in the colonies, and where they were.
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A church established or supported by government. The established churches were puritan/congregational churches. They were in the NE colonies except for RI
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John Edwards
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succesful preacher who lead the first revival in his own church. Forerunner of great awakening.
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What the great awakening was and who initiated it
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It was a widespread dramatic religious revival beginning in 1730. George whitefield initiated it and became of of the people to become a household name.
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Old lights
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Conservatives who stressed the importance of an educated clergy
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New lights
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Liberals that stressed emotional experience and liked the new style of preaching. New churches and denomination gave ppl more choice and founded new church
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How the great awakening affected blacks in the colonies
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Christianization of african americans. Growth of leadership class in black community. Idea of spiritual equality.
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The group that was instrumental in the anti-slavery movement
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Quakers
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The enlightenment
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Movement that stressed the importance of reason, logical thought turning away from superstition, and saw universe acting from natural laws.
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The thing that happened in salem mass in 1692
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Salem witch trials.last witchcraft persecution in colonies.
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Newton's contribution to science
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Laws of motion and universal gravitation. Saw universe like a perfect machine operating by fixed mathematical laws.
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John Locke's human reason and learning
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people were born with blank minds and they learned by taking info through senses.
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John Locke's ideas about society and government (4).
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life, liberty, property.
State of nature-no government Contract w/ ruler: obey/protect Can overthrow ruler if rights are violated. |
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The american that became an example of the idea of enlightenment
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Ben Franklin. He had a lot of accomplishments which made him famous.
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How education differed among the colonies
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New England was the only area that required public schooling so they can read the bible.
Middle colonies had lower literacy rates than New England. Southern colonies had the lowest literacy rates. |
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James Oglethorpe
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The founder of Georgia
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The reasons for the founding of GA colony (2)
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To protect south carolina from spanish
A place for debtors to start over |
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Original rules for the GA colony
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Size of landholdings limited
Prohibited slavery- Free small farmers No rum or brandy |
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How the rules of GA colony worked out
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Only a few debtors came.
South carolina came down with slaves and took over. The laws became banished and soon after that, GA became a royal colony |
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Where the french settlements were in north america
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St. Lawrence river, southern great lakes, down the mississippi and ohio rivers, and down to New Orleans
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How the french population differed from the English population in colonies by 1760
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The French population was 60,000 people all of fighting age and indian alies and the English population was 1.5 million people
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The colony where most of the fighting took place between the french and the english
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Ny colony
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Description of the fighting during king william and queen annes war, what treaty ended these wars and what the british gained.
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settlers would go on raiding expeditions, indians would follow and english mostly won
The treaty was Utrecht British gained island of nova scotia |
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What NE colonists accomplished during king georges war, what treaty ended it, and how it affected this accomplishment
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They took the frenchs fort loisbourg
The treaty was aix-la-chapelle It affected this accomplishment because they had to give the fort back to the french |
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The fort that the french built at forks of ohio and the results of washingtons expedition against the fort
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the french built fort duquesene
the french and indians ambushed them. washington built fort necessity and french fired upon them easily. send washington back to VA |
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What the albany congress was and its results
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It was a plan for union among the colonies. council will have power over all colonies.
Some colonies rejected it and some colonies ignored it. |
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How the french and indian war differed from earlier french and english wars
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they sent regular army troops to colonies for the first time
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Braddocks defeat
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He lead english soldiers and governor of va lead his soldiers to destroy fort duquesne. They were used to certain style warfare and they were attacked by the french and indians who were behind rocks and trees
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William pitts war strategy and was it succesful
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Allow englands german allies to fight in europe which will free up british forces to fight at sea and in no. america.
It was successful because they took fort duquesne and became fort pitt |
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The terms of the treaty of paris in 1763
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enlish got land east of miss river
spain got land west of miss river england gets fl in exchange for cuba |
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The major areas of colonial complaints about british policies in 18th C (4)
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-restrictions on land settlement
-Increase attempt to enforce trade regulations -troops -taxation |
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The writs of assistance and how americans reacted
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Court orders that authorized customs officers to conduct searches in colonist properties to look for smuggled contraband
They revolted because thier privacy rights were violated |
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Pontiacs rebellion
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A group of indians who were led by Ottawa leader pontiac. They attacked upper and PENN and NY b/c they didnt like british policies
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The proclimation of 1763 and how colonists reacted
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boundary line was drawn saying that no settlements can be made past the appalachian mtns
Colonists were upet because they wanted to move westward |
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Britains motives in stationing troops in america and how colonists felt about it
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parliament thought colonists should help pay for troops tobe stationed there and protect new world
Colonists felt that their rights ere violaed because troops couldnt be stationed during peace time |
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The sugar act of 1764 and the new principle it introduced
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raised tariffs on sugar an lowered taxes on molasses
colonists saw it as a means for british to raise money rather than reg trade. colonists wanted taxation without representation |
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The quartering act
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Another way to get the colonists to pay for troops. Had assembly vote to pay fot housing and feeding of trooops
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What the stamp act called for and the response of the colonial assemblies
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called for tax on all printed documents.
It upset colonists which led to many outbursts |
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What the stamp act congress did
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stated that only the colonial assemblies had a right to tax the colonies.
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How colonial view of taxation and rep differed from british
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The colonist wanted tax without representation
Britain believed that all british ppl were represented in parliament. virtual rep |
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The sons of liberty and what they did
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Secret organization formed in american port cities and their purpose was to see that no tax stamps were sold.-tax stamp riots.
They eliminated stamp agents |
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The thing that forced the repeal of the stamp act
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the boycott
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The townsend acts and how they violated mercantalist principles
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Taxes that were put on imports
defeated purpose of trading with a balance of trade |
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Why New yorks assembly was shut down
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NY refused to support troops so parliament shut down assembly until they complied
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How the merchants responded to the townsend acts
was it effective? |
They revived the boycott and it became more effective as time went on.
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John dickinson and what he wrote
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He was a writer and a lawyer,
He wrote a letter from a farmer in pennsylvania |
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What Samuel Adams did and the result
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He wrote a letter which angered the british and they ordered that colonial governors should dissolve their assemblies if they supported the letter. MA assembly became shut down.
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The boston massacre
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Colonists and unemployed men threw snowballs filled with rocks and other object at guards outside the custom commisioners office and they fired upon them
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What Lord North did about the British policy toward the colonies
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Had Townsend acts repealed except the tax on tea and boycott collapsed
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Committee of correspondance and why they were significant
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Corresponders who wrote letters to other colonies
They would write about what British were up to, serving as network of communication, and bringing them closer together. |
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How parliaments attempt tosave the british east india company led to trouble
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Tea merchants' income was effected in the colony and ppl didnt like the monopoly which led to protests. Tea ships were sent back and the boston tea party occured.
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Lord North's reaction to the boston tea party
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He passed intolerable acts which closed the port of boston until east india co. was repaid for lost tea.
Any british official charged with capital crime was charged in england. New quartering act was passed- British soldiers can live within colonists houses. |
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The Quebec act and how it seemed to the colonists
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An attempt by government to give it a civilian government.
It had no assembly and no trial by jury. Catholic church had equivalent position. Colonists feared that they would get the same government and their rights would be taken away. |
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The result of british attempt to isolate massachusetts
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drove other colonies to take side with massachesetts
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What the first continental congress accomplished (4)
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denounced the intolerable acts
calls on colonies to raise troops stop trading with british empire parliament cant have any other laws or taxes for the colonies |
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The minutemen
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Special units of militia who were ready for action when they were called upon at a moments notice
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Paul revere
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On his horse he rode from Boston to lexington with other men and warned people that the british were coming.
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What happened in lexington and concord. What happened on the way back to boston
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British drove off americans.
4000 American farmers and colonists hid behind trees and stone walls and fired upon the british troops |
