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56 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
more than ____ youth begin smoking every day in the U.S.
3000
Today, there are approximately _____ smokers
46 million
The FDA regulates ____ and _____ but not _______
regulates access and labeling but not marketing
out of the 46 million smokers, _____ are women
22 million
what is an epidemic?
An epidemic is an outbreak of a specific disease from a single source in a population and an unusually high acceptance rate
how many years of life lost are due to smoking for women
15 years of life lost for the average smoker
Smoking among women usually begins in ____years
high school
Rate from most likely to least likely by ethnicity which women will smoke
American indian is most likely
then white
african american
mexican/hispanic
asian/pacific islander
What are some reasons why women smoke
1. Media - portrays smoking as something beautiful, strong, independent
2. Peer pressure/influence - if you grew up in a household where smoking was acceptable, your parents smoke, friends smoke
3. Unaware of the health risks
4. Addiction
-As a side note: women are using their weight as an excuse to smoke
How many chemicals total are there in tobacco?
4800!
How many of the chemicals in tobacco are carcinogenic?
approximately 60
What are the three major components of tobacco?
nicotine, poisonous gases, particulate matter (tar)
What is Nicotine
the ADDICTIVE substance in tobacco, has an accelerating affect on the CNS
What affects does Nicotine have on the body?
constricts blood vessels, very quick acting, 90% of nicotine inhaled is absorbed into the bloodstream immediately, causes a release of adrenaline known as the "smoker's high"
increases heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate
increases the risk for blood clotting
How many poisonous gases are in Tobacco?
270
What is the major poisonous gas/the gas most focused on?
Carbon monoxide
What affects does Carbon monoxide have on the body?
increases heart rate, elevates blood pressure, impairs visual acuity,
combines with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin
instead of oxygen binding to hemoglobin the carbon monoxide is and is sent to peripheral tissues
What is tar?
tar is the gummy mixture left over from burning tobacco
- it includes over 200 chemicals and is the most carcinogenic agent in cigarettes
-affect on the respiratory system : leaves the gummy gook in the lungs which seaps into the alveoli causing labored breathing, also affects the cilia in the bronchii of the lungs, cancerous tumors may form
What are some respiratory concerns with tobacco use?
chronic bronchitis, emphysema, lung cancer, lungs harden (lose elasticity)
What are some of the cardiovascular concerns with tobacco use?
increased likelihood of stroke, increases the number of LDL's and decreases the number of HDL's in the body so more likely for heart attack
- Since tobacco is a vasoconstrictor, then it increases blood pressure and heart rate
-taking oral contraceptives while smoking greatly increases an individuals chances of stroke, heart attack and blood clotting
What are thevcancer concerns with tobaccos use?
smoking increases a persons chances of developing larynx, pharynx, esophageal, lung, stomach, uterus and kidney cancers
What does smoking do to body weight?
many women are using body weight as an excuse to smoke. Smoking kills your taste buds and inhibits hunger receptors so when a person quits smoking they are regaining their taste buds and want to eat more because it tastes good and because they are hungry
What causes the addiction to smoking?
Nicotine
What is nicotine addiction
The state of being physically and emotionally dependent on nicotine
What are withdrawal symptoms?
Symptoms once experiences when ceasing an activity to which they have become addicted
What is tolerance?
one must have increased doses of the substance to feel the desired affects
What is dependence?
When one cannot live comfortably without smoking
(Over 90% of women who smoke develop a dependence to nicotine)
What is Environmental Tobacco Smoke?
is the smoke that is discharged from the lighted end of the cigarette, called side-stream smoke
What does environmental TS in relation to main-stream smoke?
2x as much tar and nicotine, 3x as much carbon monoxide and 2x as much ammonia and benzopyrene
Side-stream smoke (aka ETS) produces pollutants that....
create free radicals in the body
(therefore is more toxic and can lead to several types of cancers)
Negative consequences of ETS calculated by what?
*the number of smoker's in the room
*the number of cigarettes smoked
*ventilation
*amount of continual exposure to the smoke
How do you calculate pack years?
Pack years = # cigarette packs smoked per day X # years the nonsmoker was exposed
What are the affects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke on non-smoker adults who live with smokers?
- increased risk of heart attack (3X)
- increase risk of lung cancer (34%)
-
What percentage of people die from lung cancer due to Environmental Tobacco smoke?
20%
What are the affects of ETS on children who live with smokers?
-increased respiratory infections
-increases the risk of middle ear disease, and worsens asthmatic conditions
-causes more colds and bronchitis
What does smoking during pregnancy do to the fetus
smoking constricts the blood vessels to the fetus thus decreasing blood and oxygen flow to the fetus
-carbon monoxide decreases oxygen supply to the fetus
- the ability for the fetus to metabolize vitamins is reduced
- increased risk for ectopic pregnancy
-increased risk of low birth weight, increased higher activity in the child (b/c addicted perhaps) and lower math and reading abilities
-Increased risk of spontaneous abortion (miscarriage)
-Reduced breast milk volume and infant growth
-increased likelihood of SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome)
- increased risk of hemorrhaging and delivery of a stillborn infant
- causes slower healing after deliver for mothers
Out of all the women smoking what fraction of them what to quit?
3/4
Out of all the women who try to quit smoking, how many will relapse after ___ months and begin smoking again?
80% will relapse after 3 months
What are some approaches women can make to quit smoking?
1. behavior modifications
2. Nicotine replacement: nicotine chewing gum, nicotine patches, nicotine nasal spray, nicotine inhaler and zyban
What are the benefits of smoking cessation?
- enhancement of the senses
- sick less often, miss less work and have fewer complaints about health issues
- save money (approx 1000 a year)
What does the American Cancer Society suggest doing in order to stop smoking
- decide to quit smoking
- set a quit date
- change smoke-related habits
- deal with the withdrawal symptoms
- stay tobacco-free : incorporate exercise and remember the beneftis!
What is caffeine?
caffeine is a stimulant in the methylxanthine chemical compound family
approximately ___% of the US adult population drink coffee
54%
On average, how many cups of coffee does a woman consume every day
1.4
How much money does the average coffee drinker spend a year on coffee?
$165
What does the American Cancer Society suggest doing in order to stop smoking
- decide to quit smoking
- set a quit date
- change smoke-related habits
- deal with the withdrawal symptoms
- stay tobacco-free : incorporate exercise and remember the beneftis!
What is caffeine?
caffeine is a stimulant in the methylxanthine chemical compound family
approximately ___% of the US adult population drink coffee
54%
On average, how many cups of coffee does a woman consume every day
1.4
How much money does the average coffee drinker spend a year on coffee?
$165
What affects does caffeine have on the CNS?
it stimulates neurotransmitters in the CNS.
How long does it take caffeine to show its initial affects
30 minutes
how long does it take for the effects of caffeine to reach the cns?
2 hours after ingestion
Why do so many people consume caffeine?
1. stimulating affect - makes a person feel energized and alert, can improve reading spead and intellectual activities but ALSO will disturb sleep patterns
What are some examples of some caffeine products?
Coffee
Cola
Chocolate
OTC drugs
What affects does caffeine have during pregnancy?
will increase the chance of miscarriage, restlessness in babies and low birth weight