Aviation 5300 Midterm 2

Front 1

What does CMG stand for?

Back 1

Cockpit to Main Gear Distance

Front 2

What does MGW stand for?

Back 2

Main Gear Width

Front 3

What does TDG stand for?

Back 3

Taxiway Design Group

Front 4

what is the formula for the Distance from touch down point to exit?

Back 4

De = ((Vtd)^(2) - Ve^(2))/2a

Front 5

What is the formula you use to determine Taxiway location?

Back 5

D = Dtd + De

D is the distance from runway threshold to Taxiway exit centerline

Where Dtd is the distance from Runway Threshold to Taxiway exit centerline

De is the distance from touch down point to exit

Front 6

What is airport capacity?

Back 6

The processing capability of a service facility over some period of time. The maximum number of operations that service facility can accomodate over a defined period of time.

Front 7

What is the definition of an Operation at airports?

Back 7

Departure or Arrival

Front 8

Is airfield Capacity broken up in terms of Departures per hour or Arrivals per hour?

Back 8

Both of them

Front 9

What are the Physical Properties that affect Capacity?

Back 9

Airfield Configuration, Aircraft Performance, and Weather conditions

Front 10

How do FAA Rules, Regulations, and Policies affect airport capacity?

Back 10

1. Limitations on runway use (ex, only one operation at a time)

2. Aircraft "fleet mix"

3. Operational "mix"

4. Air traffic control procedures

5. Integration with other airports.

Front 11

What does ROT stand for?

Back 11

Runway Occupancy Time

Front 12

What is the minimum distance an aircraft is required to be behind another aircraft on approach?

Back 12

3 miles, but it can be larger based on the size of the leading and lagging aircraft

Front 13

How long does the average delay have to be to be considered congestive delay?

Back 13

9 minutes

Front 14

What is the difference between Practical Capacity and Throughput Capacity?

Back 14

Practical Capacity is the capacity that an airport can actual hold, while the throughput capacity is the capacity an airport can theoretically hold.

Front 15

What is the formula for determining the total delay of an airport?

The average delay?

Back 15

The total delay is found by using the formula D = 0.5(T)(Q*)

Avg. Delay = D/# aircraft delayed

Front 16

What are the two regulatory policies that Obstacle Evaluation/ Airport Airspace Analysis is based off of?

Back 16

FAR PART 77 - "safe, efficient use, and preservation of the navigable airspace" Aka imaginary surfaces

FAA ORDER 8260.3 = "United States Standard for Terminal Instrument Procedures" (TERPS)

Front 17

What does TERPS stand for?

Back 17

Terminal Instrument Procedures

Front 18

What is the difference between visual and instrument procedures at airports?

Back 18

For "visual" procedures it is the pilots responsibility to avoid objects (limited airspace protection, unless specifically evaluated by FAA).

For "Instrument" Procedures the FAA requires an Obstacle Clearance Surface 40:1 slope for 10,200 feet beyond end of runway

Front 19

If a 100 foot tall building is located 2500 feet beyond a runway and assuming a 40:1 obstacle clearance surface slope for 10,200 feet beyond the runway, can the building be built?

Back 19

No the building cannot be built. In order for the building to safely out of the obstacle clearance surface the building would need to be built 4,000 feet off the end of a runway or the building would need to be shortened.

Front 20

What does FAR PART 77 establish?

Back 20

(a) The requirements to provide notice to the FAA of certain proposed construction, or the alteration of existing structures;

(b) The standards used to determine obstructions to air navigation, and navigational and communication facilities;

(c) The process for aeronautical studies of obstructions to air navigation or navigational facilities to determine the effect on the safe and efficient use of navigable air space, air navigation facilities or equipment; and

(d) The process to petition the FAA for discretionary review of determinations, revisions, and extensions of determinations

Front 21

What is the main function of FAR PART 77?

Back 21

More protection against planned development around runways or to evaluate safe utilization of airspace around proposed runway ends.

Front 22

What are all the parts that the imaginary surface consists off?

Back 22

1. Primary Surface

2. Inner Approach surface

3. Outer Approach Surface

4. Transitional Surface.

5. Horizontal Surface.

6. Conical Surface.

Front 23

What is the length of the Approach Surface for a Precision Instrument Runway?

Back 23

50,000 feet

Front 24

What is the slope of a precision instrument runways Approach Surface?

Back 24

50:1 for the first 10,000 feet and 40: 1 for an additional 40,000 feet

Front 25

What is the notification area for airports and how is it determined?

Back 25

The notification area is an area around an airport with a slope of either 50:1 or 100:1 that cannot be violated without the consent of the FAA. The radius of the area differs

Front 26

What is the maximum tolerable average noise impact level?

Back 26

65 decibels or about the decibel level of a conversation within 3 feet

Front 27

What does FAA stand for?

Back 27

Federal Aviation Administration

Front 28

What does IROPS stand for?

Back 28

Irregular Operations

Front 29

What areas are affected most by noise from airports?

Back 29

Residential Communities, Hospitals, and Schools

Front 30

What are the factors that contribute to airport noise?

Back 30

1. "Loudness" of a particular aircraft: (in db)

2. The flight path & altitude of aircraft at a particular point

3. The number of daily aircraft operations.

The combination of these factors yield different types of noise level measurements.

Front 31

Define "Loudness" of a particular aircraft: (in dB)

Back 31

In sound, decibels measure a scale from the threshold of human hearing, 0 dB, upward towards the threshold of pain,

about 120-140 dB. As examples: the sound level in the average residential home is about 40 dB, average conversation is about 60 dB,

typical home music listening levels are about 85 dB, a loud rock band about 110 dB, and a jet engine close up is 150 dB.

Front 32

What is Airport Pavement Designed to do?

Back 32

Provide a smooth and safe all-weather riding surface that can support the weights of aircraft on top of a natural ground base.

Front 33

Is pavement necessary on all runways?

Back 33

No, pavement is not necessary on all runways, some smaller aircraft are able to land on runways of a natural grade. The problem arises though when the natural grade cannot withstand the impact of the aircraft.

Front 34

What are some of the properties of a flexible pavement on a runway?

Back 34

An example of a flexible pavement on a runway is asphalt pavement.

It is appropriate for lighter aircraft loading, less expensive then rigid pavement, and has an approximate life of 20 years.

Front 35

What are the different layers involved in pavement design?

Back 35

Surface level, Base, Sub-bases, and subgrade

Front 36

What are some properties of Rigid Pavement?

Back 36

An example of Rigid Pavement is Concrete (Portland Cement) Surface.

Rigid pavement is appropriate for heavier aircraft loading, and has approximately a 40 year lifespan, but it is more expensive than asphalt (flexible) pavement which is why many smaller airports still use asphalt runways.

Front 37

What are some considerations you have to take into account when designing pavements?

Back 37

1. Subgrade, subgrade, subgrade!

2. Aircraft types and # of operations

3. Temperatures & frost propensity

Front 38

What does CBR stand for and what does it measure?

Back 38

CBR stands for California Bearing Ratio and it measures the ratio of force required to compress soil compared to compressing standard crushed limestone

Front 39

Are you able to determine pavement thickness based off of CBR values?

Back 39

Yes you are able to determine most pavement thicknesses off of CBR values, although if a CBR value is to high it can be difficult to determine the thickness of the pavement.

Front 40

What does the acronym TBFM stand for?

Back 40

Time Based Flow Management

Front 41

What does MGW Stand For?

Back 41

Maximum Gross Weight of aircraft

Front 42

What does MTOW stand for?

Back 42

Maximum Take Off weight

Front 43

What is JoS

Back 43

Judgmental Oversteering

Front 44

What does MGW stand for?

Back 44

Main Gear Width

Front 45

What is the thing that is usually considered to be from the center of the runway to the hold line of the taxiway?

Back 45

Runway Safety Area

Front 46

What does the acronym CMG stand for?

Back 46

Cockpit to Main Gear Distance

Front 47

What is CoC

Back 47

Cockpit over centerline steering

Front 48

What does TDG stand for?

Back 48

Taxiway Design Group which is found using the MGW (Main Gear Width) and CMG (Cockpit to Main Gear Distance)

Front 49

What are Taxiway Edge Safety Margins equivalent to on runways?

Back 49

Shoulders

Front 50

What is the difference between a taxiway and a taxilane?

Back 50

a

Front 51

What is Time Based Flow Management?

Back 51

Staggering and changing the speed of planes to account for capacity issues, shutdown of runways, and other miscellaneous issues at airports.

Front 52

What is the formula for determining Taxiway Location?

Back 52

D = De + Dtd

Distance from runway threshold = distance from touchdown point to exit + distance from threshold to touchdown point (typically 1,000 to 1,500 feet)

Front 53

What is the formula to determine the distance from touchdown point to the taxiway high speed exit (De)?

Back 53

(Vtd^(2)-Ve^(2))/(2a)

where Vtd is touchdown speed

Ve is exit speed of aircraft

a = deceleration of the aircraft on the runway (approx. 2 ft./sec2)

Front 54

Define Capacity (Dr. Youngs note version of capacity)

Back 54

The processing capability of a service facility over some period of time.

The maximum number of operations that a service facility can accommodate over a defined period of time

Front 55

What are the units you can use to switch knots to ft/s and miles to ft/s?

Back 55

miles/hr *(5280 ft/ 3600 s) = ft/s

knots * (6076 ft/ 3600 s) = ft/s

Make sure to account for this in your taxiway design calculations!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Front 56

How is the wingtip clearance needed determined for a taxiway?

Back 56

Using the ADG figures and tables

Front 57

What are end-around taxiways?

Back 57

Taxiways that go under and around the end of the runway in order to prevent congestion.

There is one in Atlanta

Front 58

What is Wake Turbelence?

Back 58

The wake a large aircraft produces as it takes off which can affect the takeoff and sight of a smaller sized aircraft leaving through the same location.

Front 59

How far does a runway have to be separated from another runway for both runways to operate under all weather conditions?

* will probably be on test

Back 59

4300 feet Far Separation

<700 feet No separation

700-2500 feet Close Separation

2500-4300 feet Intermediate Separation

Front 60

What does VFR and IFR stand for?

Back 60

VFR is good weather conditions

IFR is bad weather conditions, low visibility

Front 61

What is an Aircraft "fleet mix"?

Back 61

Not sure yet

Front 62

What is an operational "mix"?

Back 62

not exactly sure pal

Front 63

What times do we normally assume for the ROT of a departure?

Back 63

1 minute precisely my dear sir

Front 64

What approach speeds do we assume for small large and heavy aircraft?

Back 64

small = 60 knots

large = 90 knots

heavy = 120 knots

Front 65

What is a Queuing Diagram?

Back 65

A way to represent graphically the delay and the amount of airplanes that are in the queue waiting to take off at any given time. It can also be used for analysis of delay using the highest Q* value.

Front 66

What is ASV?

Back 66

Annual Service Volume

Front 67

When is an aircraft first considered delayed?

Back 67

When it arrives 15 minutes late or more

Front 68

Define IROPS

Back 68

Irregular Operations

Front 69

The last slide of the capacity analysis will most certainly be on the exam my good sir, you'd best shape up

Back 69

word

Front 70

What does FAR PART 77 entail?

Back 70

Safe efficient use of Navigable Airspace

aka imaginary surfaces

Front 71

What is FAA order 82603 better known as and what does it stand for?

Back 71

TERPS aka Terminal Instrument Procedures

Front 72

What does the acronym ILS stand for?

Back 72

Instrument Landing System

Front 73

What does WOOSE stand for?

Back 73

We oppose Ohio State University Airport Expansion

Front 74

What does the FAA require for "instrument" procedures?

Back 74

An obstacle clearance surface 40:1 slope for 10,200 feet beyond the end of the runway.

Front 75

With a 40:1 slope extending 10,200 feet beyond a runway, would you be able to put a building 200 feet tall 7,000 feet from the end of the runway?

Back 75

Yes you would, if the building was closer then 6,000 feet you would need to shorten the height of the building in compliance with the FAA

Front 76

What does the acronym NOTAM stand for and what is it used for?

Back 76

It stands for Notice to Airmen, NOTAM is a notice filed with an aviation authority to alert aircraft pilots of potential hazards along a flight route or at a location that could affect the safety of the flight.

Front 77

What does MOS stand for?

What does OCS stand for?

Back 77

Military Occupational Specialties

Officer Candidate School (for Navy)

Front 78

What does the acronym INM stand for and what does it entail?

*Will be on exam

Back 78

Integrated Noise Model

The INM is used to come up with noise contours

Front 79

What is the importance of "Day Night Equivalent Noise Level"?

Back 79

don't know for sure

Front 80

What is the formula used to calculate LDN or DNL? (Day Night Equivalent Noise Level)

Back 80

DNL = 10log(ljasdljflsjdflkjasldf) hopefully he gives it to us

Front 81

The strongest soils in the world are about _____ % the strength of limestone in compression.

Back 81

80%

Front 82

What frost code is Ohio?

Back 82

F-3 frost code

Front 83

What are some ways for airports to mitigate noise in neighborhoods?

Back 83

You could insulate houses or you could set curfews when the airplanes are departing at their peak

Front 84

What is AAC

What is ASV

Back 84

Airport Approach Category

Annual Service Volume

Front 85

Make sure to look at Homework, review imaginary surfaces, other materials

Back 85

a

Front 86

What determines Taxiway Width, Taxiway Edge Safety Margin, and Taxiway Shoulder Width?

Back 86

Look it up

Front 87

What determines TSA, Taxiway & Taxilane OFA, Taxiway to Taxiway/Taxilane centerline distances?

Back 87

look it up

Front 88

What is back-taxiing, end around taxiway, judgmental oversteering?

Back 88

look it up

Front 89

Know lead/lag breakdown

know approach speed "avgs" (you should know)

Back 89

a

Front 90

What are the biggest causes of delay?

Back 90

Late arriving aircraft

National Aviation System

Airline

Extreme Weather

Security

In that order

Front 91

Be able to draw complete FAR Part 77 diagram

Back 91

a

Front 92

Know Contour levels, what they mean for mitigation

shapes of contours based on standard traffic patterns

Back 92

a

Front 93

Review Pavement Diagrams

Back 93

Yup