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106 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of the following Eimeria species is found in domestic pigeons?
a. E. relictum b. E. labbeana c. E. maculatum d. E. meleagridis |
B. E. labbeana and E. columbarum are the 2 spp in pigeons
JAMS 09 23(1):1 |
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Which of the following was shown to be preferred treatment for Eimeria in pigeons?
a. amprolium b. sulfonamides c. toltrazuril d. clazuril |
c. toltrazuril
JAMS 09 23(1):1 |
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Which of the following is TRUE about coccidiosis in pigeons?
a. immunity prevents reinfection b. most deaths occur during 3rd and 4th month of life c. once signs occur fecals will be positive d. treatment is always required |
B. TRUE: most deaths at 3 & 4 months of age
Immunity does NOT prevent reinfcetion, negative fecals are common in clinical cases b/c signs arise before gamogony, is self limiting so may be controlled by sanitation and preventing reinfection JAMS 09 23(1):1 |
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Which of the following would be the best dose of radiation for treating skin tumors in ring-necked parakeets?
a. 4Gy fractions to a total of 72Gy b. 4Gy fractions to a total of 48Gy c. 4Gy fractions to a total of 60Gy d. 4Gy fractions to a total of 90Gy |
a. 4Gy fractions to a total of 72Gy
JAMS 09 23(1):6 |
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Which of the following findings was seen in ring-necked parakeets treated with external beam megavoltage radiation?
a. low inflammation in all groups tested b. high incidence of chronic radiation effects c. high incidence of acute radiation effects d. mild inflammation in the high dose group |
d. mild inflammation in the high dose group
JAMS 09 23(1):6 |
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Microbial quality of water offered to captive psittacines can be best described as:
a. high in E. coli b. exceeding microbial standards c. Salmonella most common isolate d. low in heterotrophic bacteria |
b. exceeding microbial standards
Coliforms and heterotrophic bacteria were most common isolates. No E. coli detected, only few Pseudomonas aeruginosa. JAMS 09 23(1):10 |
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Which of the following is correct concerning water sources for captive psittacines?
a. Pseudomona was isolated from the wate but not the stoppers from the bottles b. biofilms are only found in open containers c. water sources met standards fro laboratory animals d. open containers had more coliforms than bottles but heterotrophs were not different |
TRUE d. open containers had more coliforms than bottles but heterotrophs were not different
JAMS 09 23(1):10 |
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Which of the following is TRUE about Sarcocystis falcatula infections in birds?
a. North America opossum is the only host b. higher mortality in Old World species c. primarily affects the muscles d. neurologic signs are common before death |
b. higher mortality in Old World species
S. flacatula is the most prevalent spp in birds. Both N and S America opossums are definitive host. Multiple birds as IH, rats and raoches as paratenic hosts. Affects the lung endothelium primarily and presents as sudden death without premonitory signs. JAMS09 23(1):18 |
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Which of the following is NOT a gland of the avian orbit?
a. glandula lacrimalis b. glandula nictitanis c. glandula nasalis d. glandula adiposa |
d. glandula adiposa
JAMS 09 23(1):24 |
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Which of the following would be the least preferred suture type for wound closure of the orbit in a bird?
a. monosyn b. vycril c. polyglactin 910 d. PDS |
c. polyglactin 910 causes intense inflammatory response
-Monosyn is preferred b/c less inflammatory reaction JAMS 09 23(1):24 |
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Which of the follwoing is the most common neoplasm of the reproductive tract in birds?
a. hemangiosarcoma b. granulosa cell tumors c. fibrosarcoma d. adenomas |
b. granulosa cell tumors and adenocarcinomas are most common in budgies and cockatiels
JAMS 09 23(1):29 |
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A Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia was diagnosed in a great horned owl based on all the following EXCEPT?
a. chronicity of disease b. persistent leukocytosis c. abundance of blast cells in bone marrow d. lack of neoplasia in non-heme tissues |
c. abundance of blast cells in bone marrow
A lack of blast cells rather is used as determinant of CML. JAMS 0923(1):36 |
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Which of the following is TRUE about radiographic perching joint angles in cockatiels, barred owls, and Hispaniolan amazons?
a. the hip joint angle had the best measurement repeatability b. stifle angles were equal between amazons and owls c. both straight lateral and slight obliqued pelvis views may be used for measuring angles d. none of the angles could be measured reliably |
c. both straight lateral and slight obliqued pelvis views may be used for measuring angles
Variability was highest for hip joint but mesaurements were reliable/accurate for stifle and intertarsal joints. JAMS 09 23(2):91 |
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Anesthesia of ostriches with xylazine, ketamine and isoflurae can be described as:
a. unreliable and dangerous b. jaw tone and pedal reflexes were useful for evaluating depth and muscle relaxation c. there was a rapid decline in respiratory rate after xylazine administration d. isoflurane by itself was superior over injectables |
b. jaw tone and pedal reflexes were useful for evaluating depth and muscle relaxation
JAMS 09 23(2):101 |
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Which of the following is TRUE about milk thistle?
a. silmaryn is the active ingredient b. milk thistle can alter plasma biochemical analytes but is not protective against acute aflatoxicosis c. increases cell permeability and production of free radicals d. protective effects were attained only when administered to fasted birds |
b. milk thistle can alter plasma biochemical analytes but is not protective against acute aflatoxicosis
Silybin is the active ingredient which is found in Silmaryn which is extracted from the seeds of milk thistle. Fasting status was not studied. JAMS 09 23(2):114 |
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Regarding Aspergillosis in birds:
a. goshawks, quail, and pengiuns have low susceptibility b. can be diagnosed by branching septate hyphae c. galactomannan assay is useful for detection of circulating antibodies d. eosinophilia is a hallmark of the disease |
c. galactomannan assay is useful for detection of circulating antibodies
Fusarium and Penicillium may also be Dx by branching and septate hyphae. JAMS 09 23(2):125 |
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What species was considered as the possible subclinical carriers and the source of avian polyomavirus for two nightjars?
a. lovebirds b. macaws c. starlings d. flamingos |
a. lovebirds
Lovebirds were housed near by and are known to be susceptible and subclinical carriers. JAMS 09 23(2):136 |
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Avian polyomavirus in Caprimulgiformes:
a. chronic disease with weight loss b. associated with exposure to wild birds c. hepatic necrosis and splenomegaly are main path findings d. is commonly reported in adult birds |
c. hepatic necrosis and splenomegaly are main path findings
JAMS 09 23(2):136 |
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What alternative treatment was succesful in treating Corynebacterium kroppenstedii otitis externa in a love bird?
a. DMSO b. acetic and boric acid solution c. silver d. laser therapy |
b. acetic and boric acid solution
JAMS 09 23(2):141 |
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Which of the following is a consideration for the diagnosis and management of Corynebacterium kroppenstedii?
a. grows best at 27oC and 5% O2 b. highly resistant to antibiotics c. potential zoonotic agent d. normal inhabitant of the eye in birds |
c. potential zoonotic agent, reported in human infections
Grows best at 37oC with 5%CO2 and sensitivity panels usually show high susceptibility to antibiotics. JAMS 09 23(2):141 |
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Which of the following is FALSE about condors in North America?
a. do not breed before 8 years of age b. lay one egg every other year c. lead poisoning is primary cause of death in the wild d. hunt in groups of no more than 6 birds |
d. hunt in groups of no more than 6 birds
They are obligate scavengers. JAMS 09 23(2):145 |
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Mycoplasma is a primarty pathogen affecting the captive breeding of lesser kestresl in Europe.
a. TRUE b. FALSE |
b. FALSE
While primarily isolated from parent reared nestlings and adults, it does not appear to play a major role as a pathogen in the breeding program. Avian Dz 08; 52:641-645 |
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Which unique pathologic findings wre identified in lesser scaup ducklings with WNV infcetion?
a. myocardial necrosis b. thymic and thyroid necrosis c. uveitis and choroid inflammation d. pancreatic and splenic necrosis |
b. thymic and thyroid necrosis
WNV is rare in waterfowl, especially in prefledgling birds. Avian Dz 09 53:129-134 |
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Which Salmonella serovar was isolated from two dead blue and gold macaws?
a. S. typhimurium b. S. marinum c. S. arizonae d. S. helvetica |
a. S. typhimurium
First report of fatal salmonellosis in blue and gold macaw. Avian Dz 09 53:135-138 |
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Which of the following is CORRECT about flight biomechanics in birds?
a.air flows faster below the wing b. vultures and land-soaring birds have high aspect ratio and high wing loading c. turning is achieved by simultaneous turning of carpi d.torsion is the primary force on the humerus |
d.torsion is the primary force on the humerus
JAMS 09 23(3):173 |
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Which of the following is MOST effective at removing metallic foreign bodies from the ventriculus of budgies?
a. peanut butter b. psyllium c. grit d. dimercaptosuccinic acid |
c. grit
Fine or large grit was most effective. dimercaptosuccinic acid is a chelating agent and does not influence movement of material from the GI JAMS 09 23(3)186 |
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Which of the following is the formula for accuracy?
a. true pos / true pos + false neg b. true pos + true neg / false pos + false neg c. true pos + true neg / true pos + false pos + false neg + true neg d. true neg / true neg + false positive |
c. ACCURACY = true pos + true neg / true pos + false pos + false neg + true neg
a. Sensitivity = true pos / true pos + false neg d. Specificity = true neg / true neg + false positive JAMS 09 23(3):194 |
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In guinea fowl anesthetized with midazolam, ketamine, and xylazine:
a. the M,K,X group had higher respiratory rate than the K,X group b. midazolam conferred analgesia of CNS c. cyanosis was observed in the MKX group d. regurgitation was observed in the MKX group |
d. regurgitation was observed in the MKX group
The MKX group actually showed more respiratory depression but cyanosis and apnea was not observed as in ducks. Midazolam does not have analgesic effects but rather is thought to act by deep hypnosis which impairs some of the reflexes. JAMS 09 23(3):199 |
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Concerning paramyxovirus serotype 3 (APMV-3):
a. sever CNS signs are common b. parrolets where shown to be more sensitive than red-crowned parakeets during an outbreak c. mortality of emryonated eggs is needed to confirm diagnosis d. the spleen is the primary tissue affected |
a. sever CNS signs are common
In an outbreak of APMV-3, Bourke's parrots and red-crowned parakeets had CNS signs with lesions in kidneys, liver, and lungs. Signs were observed in embryonated eggs but did not kill the embryos. JAMS 09 23(3):205 |
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Which drug combination led to resolution of neuropatic pain in a prairie falcon?
a. lidocaine and bupivicaine b. midazolam and lidocaine c. bupivicane and medetomidine d. gabapentin and xylazine |
c. bupivicane and medetomidine radial and medianoulnar nerve block
JAMS 09 23(3):209 |
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How are feather folliculomas differentiated from other skin neoplasms?
a. exhibit evidence of feather differentiation b. affect the sebaceous glands c. from characteristic sheets d. features basal and squamous cells |
a. exhibit evidence of feather differentiation
JAMS 09 23(3):214 |
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Which form of mycobacteriosis is most commonly encountered in Amazon parrots?
a. classic: diffuse tubercles throughout b. paratuberculosis: GI lesions c. nontuberculous d. cutaneous |
b. paratuberculosis: GI lesions
JAMS 09 23(3):227 (231 comments) |
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Deficiency of which vitamin may have predisposed an ostrich to Aeromonas enteritis and septicemia?
a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin B c. Vitamin C d. Vitamin D |
a. Vitamin A
Avian Dz 09 53:310-316 |
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Which Trichomonas gallinae genotype is more prevalent in raptors?
a. A b. B c. C d. D |
b. B, also present in all birds with macroscopic lesions
Type A more prevalent in columbiformes Avian Path 09 38:201-207 |
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Which of the following is TRUE about the Plasmodium relictum vaccine used in black footed penguins?
a. an anti-circumsporozoite NA vaccine basen on P. gallinaceum b. was not protective with up to 90% mortality the year of vaccination c. protective but had high precentage of side effects from adjuvant d. DNA vaccine based on P. relictum mitochondria |
a. an anti-circumsporozoite NA vaccine basen on P. gallinaceum
*Case: vacc reduced parasitemia from50% to 17% w/ no mortalities the year of vaccination Dx: exoerythrocytic schizonts in reticuloendothelial sys. JZWM 04 35(2):154 |
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Which of the following is TRUE about AVM in waterfowl?
a. Fulica americana (coots) died within 9 days of experimental infection but had no histological lesions b. Ana platyrhynchos (mallards) died 6 days post infection and had severe lesions c. Fulica americana (coots) had severe histological lesions without mortality d. Ana platyrhynchos (mallards) had no mortalities and no histo lesions |
a. Fulica americana (coots) died within 9 days of experimental infection but had no histological lesions
-Mallards: ingested one sample of Hydrilla verticillata = lesions w/out clinical signs after ingestion of Hydrilla JWD 05 41(1):163 |
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Whihc of the follwing are histologic lesions of Avian vacuolar myelinopathy?
a. vacuoles within the grey matter with predilection of cerebellum b. vacuoles within the grey matter and predilection for the midbrain c. vacuoles within the white matter and predilection for the optic lobe d. vacuoles within the white matter and no predilection for brain section |
c. vacuoles within the white matter and predilection for the optic lobe; vacuoles = intramyelinic edema
JWD 04 40(3):476 |
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Which of the following is TRUE about AVM?
a. gross lesions common in Strigiformes b. brain lesions may persist in coots after resolution of clinical signs c. lesions only present in birds with clinical signs d. pigs susceptible on experimental infection |
b. brain lesions may persist in coots after resolution of clinical signs
JWD 04 40(3):476 |
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Which of the following is TRUE about experimental AVM?
a. red tailed hawks but not chickens developed lesions after ingestion of infected coot tissues b. only pigs were successfully infected with both signs and lesions observed c. gastrointestinal tissue of coots led to infection of chickens d. only pigs fed aquatic vegetation were infected |
c. gastrointestinal tissue of coots led to infection of chickens
JWD 04 40(3):476 |
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Which of the following has not been documented to be naturally susceptible to AVM?
a. Anseriformes b. Charadriiformes c. Falconifromes d. Strigiformes |
c. Falconifromes
RTH are experimentally susceptible, all others have had natural infections. Bald eagles are naturally susceptible so thisd question could vary with taxonomy. If considering the eagles under Acciptiriformes, then is oK but if clumping eagles with Falconiformes then is bad question. |
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Which of the following is TRUE about AVM?
a. peak in Spring b. confined to south east USA c. caused by Hydrilla verticillata d. diagnosed from August to January |
b. confined to south east USA
Peaks in early winter with diagnosis from October to April. While Hydrilla verticillata is the plant ingested, it is not the etiolgy but rather Stigonematales cyanobacteria within the Hydrilla are suspected to be the etiology. JWD 04 40(3):485 |
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What is the most common ocular lesion associated with WNV in raptors?
a. pectinitis b. retinal atrophy c. exudative chorioretinitis d. chorioretinal scarring with geographical or linear pattern |
a. pectinitis is most common but all these are seen in raptors
Also get WNV + antibodies from aqueous and RT-PCR + from retinas JAVMA 07 231(8):1240 |
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Raptors will shed WNV per os and cloacally how many days post inoculaton?
a. 5 b. 7 c. 10 d. 14 |
a. 5
But low organ infection 15-27 d PI JWD 06 42(1):1 |
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Which of the following is NOT a competent amplifying host for WNV?
a. Falco sparverius (kestrels) b. Buteo jamacensis (RTH) c. Tyto alba (barn owl) d. Bubo virginianus (GHO) |
c. Tyto alba (barn owl) and Aguila chruysaetos (Golden eagle) are not competent amplifying hosts
JWD 06 42(1):1 |
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What gross findings were most consistently associated with WNV infection in blue jays?
a. splenomegaly and poor body condition b. hepatomegaly c. renomegaly and splenomegaly d. cardiac enlargement |
a. splenomegaly and poor body condition
-mononuclera leukocytosis and epicarditis/myocarditis are most common histopathologic findings JWD 05 41(2):354 |
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Regarding blue jays with WNV, which of the following statements is correct?
a. highest titers from brain, heart, lungs b. RT-PCR best if done from kidneys c. immunohistochemistry not dependent on tissue type d. no gross lesions observed |
a. highest titers from brain, heart, lungs
-RT-PCR worked well regardless of tissue type -IHC highly tissue dependent -splenomegaly and poor BCS comon JWD 05 41(2):354 |
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Which of the following is true about vaccination of African black footed penguins for Plasmodium relictum?
a. vaccine was deemed unsafe in penguins b. vaccine was protective with a significant loss in mortalities the year of vaccination c. antibody titers were detected up to 3 years post vaccination d. vaccine was based on P. relictum from Hawaii e. vaccine cause local but not systemic reaction and was only mildly protective |
b. vaccine was protective with a significant loss in mortalities the year of vaccination
JZWM04 35(2):154 |
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Which of the following observations is accurate about avian vacuolar myelinopathy infectivity studies?
a. the agent of AVM has been identified in the gastrointestinal content but not brain of coots b. in mallards, ingestion of Hydrilla verticillata led to clinical signs of AVM c. coots ingesting Hydrilla verticillata died and had severe myelinopathy d. quail had mild clinical signs but the most severe histologic lesions e. brain tissue is more likely to contain the causative agent in chickens that in other animals |
a. the agent of AVM has been identified in the gastrointestinal content but not brain of coots
JWD 05 41(1):163 |
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Which of the following best describes the histologic lesions observed with AVM?
a. vacuoles within grey matter and cerebellum b. vacuoles within the midbrain c. vacuoles within the white matter of the spinal cord but not the brain d. vacuoles in both white and grey matter of the cerebrum e. vacuoles in the white matter with predilection fro optic lobe |
e. vacuoles in the white matter with predilection fro optic lobe
JWD 04 40(3):476 |
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in Chickens, experimental AVM is characterized by which of the follwoing?
a. vacuoles in the grey matter of the CNS b. clinical signs in those challenged with a mixture of tissues and aquatic vegetation c. no clinical signs or lesions could be reproduced d. disease reproduced by aquatic vegetation but not feeding of tissues e. lack of clinical and histopathologic signs |
b. clinical signs in those challenged with a mixture of tissues and aquatic vegetation
JWD 04 40(3):476 |
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Which of the following is most accurate about the epidemiology of AVM?
a. associated with ingestion of cyanobacteria b. outbreaks peak in the early winter c. outbreaks start in the southeast and spread north up to New York d. thawed aquatic vegetation in the Spring has higher toxin levels e. both zooplankton and phytoplankton associated with infection |
b. outbreaks peak in the early winter
-ingest the Hydrila that contain cyanobacteria JWD 04 40(3):485 |
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Which of the following cyanobacteria is most commonly implicated with AVM?
a. Psudanabaema spp. b. Anabaena spp. c.Planktothrix spp. d.Mycrocystis spp. e.Stigonematales spp. |
e.Stigonematales spp.
Psudanabaema spp. also present in Hydrilla but in lesser amounts JWD 04 40(3):485 |
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Which of the following is false about AVM?
a. rapid onset of signs b. common in late fall and early winter c. transmitted by ingestion of aquatic vegetation d. not site specific e.lesions may be found in normal birds |
d. not site specific
JWD 07 43(3):337 JWD 04 40(3):476 |
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Which of the following is a correct association between ophthalmic lesions and West Nile virus?
a. culture of aqueous humor should be considered as a viable diagnostic test c. exudative scarring is the most common lesion c. pectenitis is the most consistent finding d. the aqueous was the most consistent site for viral RNA e. observed in red tailed but not in Cooper's hawks |
c. pectenitis is the most consistent finding
-WNV AB, RT-PCR, and culture + from aqueous humor but only AB test useful for diagnostic -retina is best tissue for RT-PCR - chorioretinal exudates w/ geographic or linear pattern is highly suggestive of WNV in raptors JAVMA 07 231(8):1240 |
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Which of the following raptor species were shown to be competent amplifying hosts for WNV?
a. red tailed hawks, Cooper's hawks and barred owls b. American kestrels and barn owls c. great horned owls, Cooper's hawks and sharp shinned hawks d. broad winged hawks, American kestrels and barred owls e. red tailed hawks, American kestrels, and great horned owls |
e. red tailed hawks, American kestrels, and great horned owls
JWD 06 42(1):1 |
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How many days after infection with WNV would cloacal and oral shedding be first observed in raptors?
a. 5 b. 10 c. 12 d. 20 e. 27 |
a. 5
JWD 06 42(1):1 |
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Which of the following describes the results of experimental infection with WNV in Greater sage grouse?
a. vaccination was not protective b. low susceptibility to infection c. no viral shedding observed d. deaths occurred 14 days post infection e. all remained viremic until death |
a. vaccination was not protective
-highly susceptible to WNV w/ deaths observed 6d PI via SQ route -Virus was shed cloacally and orally -Four of the five vaccinated grouse died, but survival time was increased (50% survival=9.5 days), with 1 grouse surviving to the end-point of the experiment (14 days) with no signs of illness. JWD 06 42(1):14 |
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Which of the following is accurate about WNV natural infection in blue jays?
a. most die in good body condition b. PCR was least tissue specific test c. best immunohistochemistry obtained from liver tissue d. kidney was the best tissue for viral isolation e. encephalitis was the most common finding |
b. PCR was least tissue specific test and best test overall
-IHC: heart > kidney>liver>lung -isolation: brain>heart>lungs -splenomegaly and poor BCS -mononuclear leukocytosis and epicarditis/myocarditis JWD 05 41(2):354 |
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Which of the following species has been shown to have seroconversion with WNV vaccination?
a. Greater flamingo b. Chilean flamingo c. California condors d. Little blue penguins e. Red tailed hawks |
c. California condors
JZWM 08 39(4):582 |
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Which of the follwoing is true about WNV vaccine in penguins?
a. DNA vaccine was effective in little blue penguins b. seroconversion occurs in 14 days c. the DNA vaccine is recommended over the killed WNV vaccine d.100% of Rockhopper were seropositive within 60 days of vaccination with killed product e. Humboldt penguins have the lowest titers after administration of killed vaccine |
e. Humboldt penguins have the lowest titers after administration of killed vaccine
-killed vacc worked best w/ higher titers in the shorter time and lasting the longest -seroconversion at 43-57d -MG and GT 100% seropositive at 43-57d -humboldt had lowest response -no AB in little blue -seroconversion occurs 1-2 months post vaccination JZWM 08 39(4):582 |
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Which of the following is true about avian influenza in shorebirds?
a. shorebirds are the primary reservoir for H5N1 b. avian influenza has been isolated from shorebirds in France, Turkey and USA yearly c. Ruddy turnstones of higher weight are more likely to be positive for avian influenza than those of lower weight d. H9 is the most common isolate from shorebirds in the USA e. higher prevalence in the late summer months in Delaware, USA |
c. Ruddy turnstones of higher weight are more likely to be positive for avian influenza than those of lower weight
-birds in lower weight are recent migrants to Delaware and have lower prevalence than those that have been there for a while and now gained weight -H10 main yearly isolate from Ruddy turnstones -Delaware is the only site where AI is consistently isolated from shorebirds -H13 and H16 assoc w/ Charadriiformes and gulls JWD 08 44(2):351 |
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Which of the following may serve as a subclinical reservoir for avian influenza?
a. Pstittaciformes b. Falconifromes c. Gruiformes d. Charadriiformes e. Caprimulgiformes |
d. Charadriiformes and Anseriformes
Gruiformes = coots, cranes, rails Caprimulgiformes = nightjars JWD 07 43(4):660 |
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In ducks, avian influenza is characterized by all except which of the following?
a. excrete virus via oropharyngeal route mostly b. shedding of the virus is lower than in other species c. wood ducks are highly resistant to infections d. higher prevalence in summer and fall e. HPAI of poultry are of low pathogenicity to ducks |
c. wood ducks are highly resistant to infections
-they are very suceptible and may sercve as a sensitive indicator for HPAI JWD 07 43(4):660 JWD 05 41(3):624 |
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In what species was the firts case of LPAI H5N2 identified?
a. sun conure b. black cockatoo c. peach faced lovebird d. blue fronted amazon e. red-lored amazon |
e. red-lored amazon
-lineage related to that reported in Mexico and Central America JAVMA 06 228(3):236 |
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In a study about columbid herpesvirus 1, it was determined that?
a. there are two distinct herpes viruses amongst falcons and owls b. feeding pigeons to raptors is not a viable source of infection c. basophilic intranuclear inclusions are common in the spleen and liver d. severe clinical signs are more common in adult pigeons e. the pigeon, falcon, and owl herpes virus are actually columbid herpes virus 1 |
e. the pigeon, falcon, and owl herpes virus are actually columbid herpes virus 1
-eos intranuclear inclusions JWD 08 44(2):427 |
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Which of the follwoing lesions was reported as novel for adenovirus infection ijn raptors?
a. hepatic necrosis b. splenic necrosis c. basophilic inclusions in pancreas d. basophilic inclusions in kidneys e. proventricular and ventricular ulcers |
e. proventricular and ventricular ulcers
-reported in poultry but not in Accipitridae or Strigidae JAMS 06 20(2):105 |
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Mastadenovirus infects whihc of the follwoing groups?
a. mammals b. birds c. reptiles d. amphibians e. fish |
a. mammals
JAMS 05 19(3):191 |
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Atadenovirus infects which of the following groups?
a. birds and mammals b. birds, reptiles, mammals c. fish and amphibians d. birds , reptiles, fish e. reptiles, amphibians, mammals |
b. birds, reptiles, mammals
JAMS 05 19(3):191 |
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The following was determined about vaccination for avian paramyxovirus 1 of Hobart bustards?
a. intranasal vaccine was more protective than intramuscular vaccine b. females had highers seroconversion than males given the subcutaneous vaccine c. hyperimmunized females transmitted antibodies to chicks d. parenteral vaccine produced titers for 14 months e. vaccination of females before laying was not recommended |
c. hyperimmunized females transmitted antibodies to chicks
JWD 05 41(4):768 |
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Antibodies against avian paramyxovirus may be found in what part of the eggs of Hobart bustards hens that were vaccinated subcutaneously?
a. the chalazae b. the thin albumen c. the thick albumen d. the vitellus e. the shell membrane |
d. the vitellus
JWD 05 41(4):768 |
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The following was observed during an outbreak of EEE in African penguins?
a. eosinophilic leukocytosis b. high mortality c. hypernatremia and hyperchloremia d. antisocial behavior e. hypoglycemia |
d. antisocial behavior
-64% prevalence w/ 13/14 recovered -heterophilic leukocytosis -anemia -low Na, Cl -high GLU, AST, Triglycerides JAVMA 05 226(12) |
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Which organ was infected in pigeons with corona virus and represents a new site of infection in birds/
a. spleen b. bronchioles c. intestines d. pancreas e. liver |
d. pancreas
-corona virus usu. infect respiratory tract of birds AJVR 06 67(9):1575 |
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Which of the following is the characteristic histopathologic finding of birds with porventricular dilatation disease?
a. focal heterophilic ganglionitis b. myenteric histiocytic ganglioneuritis c. eosinophilic neuritis of the proventriculus d. myenteric lymphoplasmacytic ganglioneuritis e. lymphohistiocytic prolifertaive neuritis |
d. myenteric lymphoplasmacytic ganglioneuritis
JAMS 07 21(3):210 |
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Vaccination of hybrid falcons with an inactivated poultry vaccine for paramyxovirus-1 revealed?
a. peak in antibodies at day 7 post vaccine b. evidence of antibodies in eggs from vaccinated females c. development of disease in birds over 1 year old d. poor seroconversion e. decreased antibody titers by day 30 post vaccination |
b. evidence of antibodies in eggs from vaccinated females
JAMS 08 22(3):213 |
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Which of the following is correct about infectivity studies with Mycoplasma gallisepticum in house finches?
a. all exhibited decreased motor activity for some period, 4 days after infection b. in vitro isolation was highly correlated with presence of physical signs c. conjunctiva samples are preferred over choanal samples when performing PCR d. mortality approached 100% in all age classes e. survival was associated with age of the birds at the time of infection |
a. all exhibited decreased motor activity for some period, 4 days after infection
2 to 6 d PI = 100% conjunctivitis -21 wks PI = 80% recovered, 15% chronic infections, 5% died -high survival rate assoc w/ high level of nutrition, low densities, and controlled environment -When the choana was sampled for MG PCR analysis, positive results were attained for a longer period of time when compared to results from conjunctival samples JWD 04 40(1):79 |
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Which of the following is correct about Mycoplasma gallisepticum in song birds/
a. re-infection is not protective in American gold finches b. subclinical infections have only been documented in mourning doves c. finches and tuffted titmice may serve as reservoir for the disease d. serum plate agglutination may be used as a screening tool for testing budgerigars e. chipping sparrows tend to have more false positive PCR results than other species |
c. finches and tuffted titmice may serve as reservoir for the disease
Chipping sparrows: no PCR positive, serum agglutination not reliable Sub clinical: house sparrow, zebra finches, budgies American goldfinch: high susceptibility to exp infection but rarely observed w/ conjunctivitis in the wild despite sharing feeders w/ house finches -PCR + Columbiformes but - on AB and culture JWD 05 41(2):317 |
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Which of the following is true about Mycoplasmosis in raptors?
a. responsible for the decline of Barn owl populations b. higher prevalence in nestlings and adults over juveniles c. Mycoplasma buteonis was associated with more clinical cases than Mycoplasma gypis d. Mycoplasma falconis was isolated from falcons and vultures e. Mycoplasma DNA was extracted from all adult birds despite lack of clinical signs |
e. Mycoplasma DNA was extracted from all adult birds despite lack of clinical signs
-M. buteonis (1 isolate), falconis (falcons only), gypis (57%) but all w/ no clinical signs JWD 08 44(4):845 |
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Which of the following is accurate about Mycobacteriosis in psittacines?
a. ingestion is the primary route of infection/transmission b. most commonly diagnosed in Blue and gold macaws c. infected flocks have high prevalence during summer months d. polycythemia is a common clinical finding with gastrointestinal infection e. eosniophilic infiltration causes organomegaly |
a. ingestion is the primary route of infection/transmission
most common species: Amazons, budgies, pionus, Brotogerid parakeet -trans: 1o ingestion, 2o resp -diffuse organomegaly b/c macrophage infiltration -usu anemia but high PCV w/ resp. dz -biopsy w/ histopath evidence plus +PCR is definitive diagnostic JAMS 07 21(3):181 |
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Which species of Mycobacteria was isolated from a kingfisher with dyspnea, organomegaly and weight loss?
a. M. genavense b. M. simiae c. M. avium d. M. bovis e. M. chelonae |
b. M. simiae
JAVMA 07 230(10):1524 |
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Which of the following is true about botulism in birds?
a. type A botulism is most common in gulls b. birds are usually found emaciated with empty stomachs c. type C botulism is mots common in Anseriformes d. primary signs are associated with rigid paralysis e. is restricted to northern states |
c. type C botulism is mots common in Anseriformes
-birds susceptible to C and E -neuro signs, dehydration, empty stomachs but BAR and in good BCS JWD 07 43(3):327 |
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Which of the following is true about the WNV infection in raptors?
a. those with neurologic signs were less likely to be released than those without neurologic signs b. feather abnormalities and abnormal molts are reported in poultry but not in raptors c. release rates were not affected by the occurrence of WNV d. all infected raptors showed clinical signs at some point during the rehabilitation process e. relapses of neurologic signs were observed in educational raptors 4 year after infection |
e. relapses of neurologic signs were observed in educational raptors 4 year after infection
JZWM 09 40(1):51 |
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Whihc of the follwoing species is less likley to become clinical from WNV infection?
a. red tailed hawk b. barn owl c. great horned owl d. bald eagle e. American kestrels |
b. barn owl
GHO are more likely to have neuro signs Kestrels and Swainson's hawks are less likely to have neuro signs but do get other signs JZWM 09 40(1):51 |
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Which of the following was observed in Sandhill cranes after vaccination with a killed WNV vaccine?
a. despite low titers, vaccinated cranes survived the WNV challenge while over 50% of unvaccinated died post challenge b. there was no histologic difference in the tissues of vaccinated versus unvaccinated cranes after the challenge c. vaccinated cranes had less cloacal shedding and weight loss 7 days post challenge as compared to unvaccinated d. length of viremia did not differ between vaccinated and unvaccinated cranes after challenge e. the vaccine was determined to be ineffective and therefore not recommended for sandhill cranes |
c. vaccinated cranes had less cloacal shedding and weight loss 7 days post challenge as compared to unvaccinated
-no vaccinated or unvaccinated crane died after challenge -while vacc did not have sig titers, they did have lower viremias, less shedding, less weight loss, and higher titers post challenge as compared to unvaccinated -unvaccinated challenged cranes had glial cell aggregates in brain, which were not observed in vaccinated challenged or unchallenged JZWM 09 40(2):263 |
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Which of the following mycoplasma species was mots commonly isolated from stone curlews in the United Arab Emirates?
a. M. falconis b. M. gallisepticum c. M. buteonis d. M . meleagridis e. M. pneumoniae |
a. M falconis and M gypis in curlews but can also affect raptors
-M. gallisepticum: chickens, turkeys, gamebirds -M. buteonis: falcons -M . meleagridis: mostly in turkeys but also found in some raptors **Healthy raptors commonly have Mycoplasma spp. and prevalence was high in study** JZWM 09 40(2):316 |
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What was the primary site for isolation of Mycoplasma spp. in stone curlews in the UAE?
a. cloaca b. conjunctiva c. choanal cleft d. spleen e. liver |
c. choanal cleft
-M. gypis and falconis isolated from most curlews but most had no pathology JZWM 09 40(2):316 |
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Sea birds tend to have high parasitic loads.
a. TRUE b. FALSE |
b. FALSE
Seabirds in general and Charadriiformes in particular, with the exception of gulls (Larus spp.), tend to have few parasites JZWM 09 40(3):409 |
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Which of the following ocular findings were described in captive Humboldt penguins?
a. increased tear production in those kept in salt water b. higher number of bacterial isolates in those kept in fresh water c. pupillary light response but no menace reflex were recoded in all penguins d. more ocular disease was observed in those housed in salt water e. higher intraocular pressures were detected in those housed in fresh water |
b. higher number of bacterial isolates in those kept in fresh water
-higher tear prod in fresh water -both pupillary and menace in all -only cataracts as main finding, no difference b/n fresh and salt -no diff in pressures b/n fresh and salt JZWM 09 40(3):430 |
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Which of the following were the most common ocular bacteria obtained from captive Humboldt penguins?
a. Staphylococcus and Proteus b. Klebsiella and Enterococcus c. Micrococcus and Aeromonas d. Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus e. Pseudomonas and Proteus |
d. Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus
JZWM 09 40(3):430 |
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Which of the follwoing may be used as an endogenous marker for renal disaese in birds?
a. creatinine b. uric acid c. creatine d. NAG e. BUN |
d. NAG = N-acetyl-B-D-glucosaminidase
JZWM 09 40(3):487 |
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Which of the following statements is true about NAG?
a. highest activity in the pectoral muscle b. highly volatile but stable if plasma frozen after collection c. urine values can serve as endogenous marker for renal disease in birds d. it has the same application as creatine for assessment of renal disease e. is not affected by GFR so its use is limited in avian species |
c. urine values can serve as endogenous marker for renal disease in birds
-NAG values slightly increased in a predictable fashion in response to freezing JZWM 09 40(3):487 |
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Which of the following would be recommended for administration of itraconazole to captive Humboldt penguins?
a. use of generic bulk compound once a day given with fish oil b. use of commercial product in fish once to twice daily depending on dosage c. use of the liquid product injected into capsules given once daily in the morning d. itraconazole was not absorbed and metabolized so alternative drugs must be identified e. give commercial product with pinneaple juice to increase absorption |
b. use of commercial product in fish once to twice daily depending on dosage
-bulk product not reliable, commercial capsules are best JZWM 09 40(3):508 |
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Which of the following has been identified in all hornbill species?
a. proventricular spirurids b. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis c. disseminated nematodiasis d. Mycoplasma gypis e. mallophagan feather lice |
e. mallophagan feather lice
JZWM 09 40(3):543 |
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Which of the following is true about black-necked swans in southern Chile?
a. suffer malnutrition secondary to liver dysfunction as evidenced by hepatic enzyme levels b. higher iron and phosphorus sediment content in the affected area contributed to impaired liver function c. emaciation of swans in affected areas lead to increased serum concentrations via lipolytic activity d. a different diet was linked with the hemosiderosis in affected populations e. the affected population had increased iron and phosphorus, had low lymphocytes, and was anemic and malnourished |
e. the affected population had increased iron and phosphorus, had low lymphocytes, and was anemic
JZWM 09 40(4):607; 617; 624 |
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Which of the following was affected by dilution of plasma sample before analysis using a bench top analyzer?
a. AST b. CK c. Calcium d. Glucose |
c. Calcium
-Ca, Albumin, Na are innacuarte when dilution w/ 0.9% saline was performed -AST, CK, and Glucose were not affected by dilution but all other analytes were JZWM 09 40(4):667 |
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Which of the following was identified in free range nestling Montagu's harriers?
a. males had higher PCV than females b. higher Ca and P during drought years c. PCV was lower from nests with five chicks versus those with less than five d. females had higher calcium than males e. males had higher BUN than females |
c. PCV was lower from nests with five chicks versus those with less than five
-this may be linked to survival -Tot prot, Ca, and P were sig lower in the year with lowest rainfall which correlated w/ worst breeding rates JZWM 09 40(4):687 |
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Which of the following is true about vaccination of zoo birds with inactivated avian influenza H5N2 vaccine?
a. a booster was needed 42 days after initial vaccine in order to raise titers above 32 b. titers lasted above 32 until day 200 post vaccination c. vaccine was deemed to confer no protection to the birds d. side effects were sever, including weakness, anorexia, and death e. vaccine was protective against challenge with avian influenza A but not B |
a. a booster was needed 42 days after initial vaccine in order to raise titers above 32
-Titers then decreased in all birds, with 42% of the remaining birds having a titer ≥32 at day 180 and only 26% at day 330 -adverse effects were mild and in only few birds: transient weakness, apathy, and anorexia JZWM 09 40(4):731 |
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Which of the following is true about foot lesions in flamingos?
a. hyperkeratosis was the least common and presented primarily in the fourth digit b. papillomatous growths were most common on the base of the foot c. hyperkeratosis was observed in 100% of flamingos but is thought to be clinically insignificant d. fissured were observed most commonly in the second and fourth digits were the most weight bearing occurs e. foot lesions have low prevalence in flamingos and should not be considered clinically relevant |
c. hyperkeratosis was observed in 100% of flamingos but is thought to be clinically insignificant
hyperkeratoses (100%) and nodular lesions (17%) - base of foot and prox didgit d/t weight baering fissures (87%) and papillomatous growths (46%) - 2 and 4 digit d/t flexion during ambulation JZWM 10 41(1):44 |
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Which of the following tissues is most likely to be infected by Mycobacteriosis in birds?
a. bone marrow b. lungs c. air sacs d. spleen e. kidney |
a, bone marrow is the primary site of infection once it spreads from liver to blood
JAMS 07 21(3):181 |
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Which of the following is NOT a common species in which Mycobacteriosis has been reported?
a. macaws b. amazons c. pionus d. brotogerid parakeets |
a. macaws, all other fall w/in common Mycobacteriosis spp
JAMS 07 21(3):181 |
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Which of the following is thought to be the primary Mycobacteria in birds?
a. M. avium b. M. fortuitum c. M. simiae d. M. genavense |
d. M. genavense
JAMS 07 21(3):181 |
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Which of the following changes was observed after in vitro hemolysis of black kite and bar headed geese blood?
a. no significant changes in plasma values b.mimicked chronic inflammatory condition with antigenic stimulation c. decreased betta and gamma protein fractions in black kites d. increased total protein in geese e. decreased gamma fraction in geese |
b.mimicked chronic inflammatory condition with antigenic stimulation
-kites: Inc beta and gamma -geese: Inc gamma -both: Inc TP JWD 09 45(1):73 |
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What organism is the etiology of ulcerative enteritis of quail?
a. Helicobacter gallinum b. Pasteurela multocida c. Clostridium colinum d. Enterobacter faecalis e. E. coli |
c. Clostridium colinum
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What organism is the etiology of ulcerative enteritis of waterfowl, particularly in geese?
a. Helicobacter gallinum b. Pasteurela multocida c. Clostridium colinum d. Enterobacter faecalis e. Clostridium perfringens |
e. Clostridium perfringens
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Which of the following scenarios is the most prone to have an outbreak of Salmonella spp?
a. raptors hunting in a close geographical area b. passerines using bird feeders c. quail during non-migratory period d. adult geese in the summer grounds |
b. passerines using bird feeders
Passerines on bird feeders are the primary group suffering from Salmonellosis. Colonial birds, especially chicks are also commonly affected. song birds, gulls/terns > water fowl, herons/egrets, doves/pigeons > pheasant/quail, starling/cowbirds USGS |
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Which of the following is considered more susceptible to Chlamydophila?
a. African grey b. Sulfur crested cockatoo c. Eclectus d. Yellow nape amazon e. Budgies |
d. Yellow nape amazon
Macaws and Amazons > Asian and Australian spp > African spp. USGS |
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A wild goose is found walking but weak with a droop of both wings. Necropsy reveals an impacted esophagus and proventriculus. What is the most likely diagnosis?
a. botulism b. lead toxicity c. aspergillosis d. mercury toxicity e. Pasteurellosis |
b. lead toxicity
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