Autonomics/ach

Front 1

Do the motor nerve fibers have any ganglia?

Back 1

no

Front 2

The parasympathetic system has ____ preganglionic fibers and ____ postganglionic fibers.

Back 2

long, short

Front 3

The parasympathetic fibers bind in a ________ basis with the ganglion.

Back 3

1 to 1

Front 4

The sympathetic systems has _____ preganglionic and ____ postganglionic fibers.

Back 4

short, long

Front 5

In the sympathetic system the preganglionic fibers synapse with ______ ganglion.

Back 5

more than one, it might be 5 or 6 postganglionic fibers.

Front 6

The preganglionic transmitter is ____ always!

Back 6

Ach!

Front 7

The sympathetic transmitter is ______.

Back 7

NE

Front 8

What are the 2 exceptions in the sympathetic system that dont use NE?

Back 8

the adrenal gland and sweat glands

Front 9

Describe the adrenal gland mechanism.

Back 9

short pregang. and NO post gang. the binding of Ach makes the gland secrete epinephrine.

Front 10

Epinnephrine binds to the ____ receptors in the blood vessels.

Back 10

Beta

Front 11

epinephrine on the blood vessels promotes _____.

Back 11

Vasodilation

Front 12

Does the adrenal gland also release glucose?

Back 12

yes

Front 13

Desribe the mechanism of the sweat gland.

Back 13

the postgang. fibers release Ach rather than NE. (this is weird b/c sweat glands are sympathetic. They are "sympathetic-cholinergic."

Front 14

The receptors at all neuromuscular junctions are _____.

Back 14

nicotinic

Front 15

what is the transmitter at the nicotinic receptors?

Back 15

Ach

Front 16

Muscarinic receptors are parasympathetic cholinergic found at the _____.

Back 16

tissues

Front 17

What are the 2 transmitters that bind to adrenergic receptors?

Back 17

epinephrine and Ne

Front 18

What 2 organs always receive dual innervation? This dual action is called ___?

Back 18

eye and heart physiological antagonism

Front 19

Ach on the eye causes ____?

Back 19

miosis

Front 20

NE on the eye causes ____.

Back 20

Mydriasis

Front 21

Ach produces ______. This is a ______ of the heart.

Back 21

Bradycardia, slowing

Front 22

Ach in the heart binds to ____ receptors.

Back 22

muscarinic (it is at the tissues..)

Front 23

NE binds to _____ receptors in the heart. This produces ________.

Back 23

beta-1, tachycardia

Front 24

Contractility is mainly a ______ function.

Back 24

sympathetic

Front 25

NE produces a _________ causing enhanced contractility on the ventricle muscle.

Back 25

positive ionotropic effect.

Front 26

Ach has a _____ dromotropic effect. This means ____?

Back 26

negative, it slows down conduction

Front 27

NE has a ___ dromotropic effect. This means ___?

Back 27

positive, it speeds up conduction.

Front 28

epinephrine causes _____ of the blod vessels.

Back 28

vasorelaxation.

Front 29

epi. binds to _____ receptors on the blood vessels.

Back 29

Beta 2

Front 30

T or F: There is basically no parasympathetic innervation on blood vessels anywhere. (exceptions??)

Back 30

True, one exception: Ach causes release of EDRF/NO causing vasodilation.

Front 31

T or F: Bronchial smooth muscle is largely NOT innervated by the parasym. disivion.

Back 31

True

Front 32

The bronchial smooth muscle will relax in response to epi. binding to the ____ receptor.

Back 32

Beta 2

Front 33

In the parasympathetic divison, depolarization will cause the ___ channels to open.

Back 33

Ca

Front 34

What enzyme makes Ach?

Back 34

ChAT choline acetyltransferase.

Front 35

Ach regulates its own release by way of the _____.

Back 35

Ach autoreceptor.

Front 36

______ act as agonists to the muscarinic receptors. (drug)

Back 36

cholinoceptor direct acting drugs

Front 37

Name 2 cholinoceptor direct acting drugs.

Back 37

1- pilocarpine
2- bethanecol

Front 38

The main use of pilocarpine is to treat ____. But its orphan use is to promote ___ and ____.

Back 38

glaucoma, tearing and salivation. (Sjorgen's)

Front 39

Pilocarpine is an _____.

Back 39

alkaloid

Front 40

Bethanecol is a ______.

Back 40

choline ester

Front 41

What transmitter does bethanecol resemble? What is special about it though?

Back 41

Ach, it is resistant to acetylcholinesterase.

Front 42

What drug is used after surgery in which there was a neuromuscular junction blockade.

Back 42

Neostigimine (bad question)

Front 43

Bethanecol and pilocarpine are ______ not _____ for muscarinic receptors.

Back 43

selective, specific

Front 44

Describe the mechanism of a cholinergic indirect acting drug.

Back 44

it will inhibit acetylchoinesterase. This will increase the amount of Ach.

Front 45

Botulinum toxic will prevent ______. This leads to a ___ in Ach.

Back 45

the fusion of the Ach-containing vesicles at the nerve terminal. Decreases amount of Ach.