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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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alpha 1 agonist
vasoconstriction (reflex brady) nasal decongest mydriasis No COMT (longer than NE) |
Phenylephrine
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alpha 1 agonist
vasoconstrict (reflex brady) No COMT or MAO (longer than phenylephrine) |
Methoxamine
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alpha 2 agonist
1st increase BP then decrease (act on brainstem) |
Clonidine
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beta 1 agonist
inotropic some beta 2 - preserve kidney (unlike NE) |
Dobutamine
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Beta 2 agonist
bronchodilate (treat acute asthma) inhaled (now) oral (2 hours) inhibit premature labor |
Terbutaline
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Beta 2 agonist
bronchodilate (treat acute asthma) inhaled (now) oral (2 hours) No COMT or MAO |
Albuterol
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Indirect adrenergic agonist (increase BP)
CNS (increase physical and mental performance, decrease appetitite) |
Amphetamine
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2 answers
indirect adrenergic agonist less peripheral, more CNS |
Dextroamphetamine
Methamphetamine |
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Mixed acting adrenergic agonist
Beta- bronchodilate alpha- bladder sphictor, nasal decongest, increase BP NE effects |
Ephedrine
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Mixed acting adrenergic agonist
like alpha1- increase BP in shock Get reflex bradycardia which treats atrial tachycardia High affinity for amine pump = "false neurotransmitter" |
Metaraminol
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What adrenergic is not metabolized by COMT
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Phenylephrine
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What adrenergics are not metabolized by COMT or MAO
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Methoxamine, Terbutaline, Albuterol, Ephedrine
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irreversible covalent alpha1,2 (prefer 1) antagonist
(grow new receptors) 1. Prevent increase BP by Pheochromocytoma (give pre op when remove tumor) 2. Treat benign prostatic hyperplasia 3. Control autonomic hyperreflexia |
Phenoxybenzamine
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Phenoxybenzamine side effects
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Orthostatic hypoT, reflex tachycardia, Ejaculatory dysfunction
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alpha 1 and 2 antagonist (competitive inhibitor)
1. Prevent increase BP by Pheochromocytoma and alpha agonist 2. Erectile dysfunction |
Phentolamine
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Phentolamine side effects
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Orthostatic hypoT, reflex tachycardia, Dirty drug (block 5HT, H2 of Mast cell, K+)
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alpha 1 antagonist
inhibit phosphodiesterase treat hyperT |
Prazosin
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alpha 1 antagonist
treat hyperT treat benign prostatic hyperplasia |
Terazosin
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Prazosin and Terazosin side effect
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first dose phenomenon (hypotension, so take before bed)
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Class of drugs that:
treat hyperT, ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias) profound effect when sympathetic input to heart is increased |
beta antagonist
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beta antagonist do this
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1. decrease BP long term
2. decrease heart rate, contractility, output, conduction velocity 3. decrease renin release |
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beta 1,2 antagonist
1. treat hyperT and heart disease 2. treat glaucoma because decrease aqueous humor secretion 3. decrease cardiac stimulation and tremor from hyperthyroidism 4. anxiety symptoms 5. migraine headache (block vasodilation) |
Propranolol
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Don't give propanolol to these patients
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Asthma, COPD (decrease bronchodilation)
Diabetic (decrease fat burn/glycogenolysis) CNS effects (sleep, depression) |
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prefer beta 1 antagonist
induce beta blockade in patients prone to bronchoconstriction |
metoprolol
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Inhibit NE release/storage
use uptake 1, replace and deplete NE inhibit excitation release coupling Potent hypertensive agent (it decreases BP) |
Guanethidine
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Guanethidine side effects
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Para > symp = orthostatic hypotension, diarrhea
"retrograde ejaculation" into bladder |
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inhibit NE release/storage
inhibit uptake of dopamine and NE to vesicle (MAO degrade) reduce catecholamines in adrenal medulla Treat mild hyperT |
Reserpine
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Reserpine and methyl dopa side effects
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CNS (sleep, depression)
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Inhibit NE synthesis
inhibit tyrosine hydroxylase treat pheochromocytoma |
Methyl Tyrosine
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"False transmitter"
converted to alpha methyl dopa then alpha methyl NE (deplete NE) Treat hyperT due to CNS (like clonidine) good with renal disease |
Methyl dopa
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Inhibit uptake 1 and increase NE in cleft
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Cocaine
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List muscarinic receptor agonist
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Acetylcholine, methacholine, carbachol, pilocarpine, bethanechol
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Muscarinic agonist
degraded, nonselective rapid miosis |
acetylcholine
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Musc agonist
resist AchE |
methacholine
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Musc and Nic agonist
decrease intraocular pressure |
carbachol
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2 musc agonist resist AchE
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carbachol and methacholine
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Musc agonist
Pile on the sweat (glands) and tears (treat glaucoma) |
Pilocarpine
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Musc agonist
Beth Ann, call me if you want to activate your bowel and bladder. Use post op on these. |
Bethanechol
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AchE inhibitors
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Neostigmine, Edrophonium, Physostigmine, Isoflurophate
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AchE inhibitor
1. Beth ann 2. Diagnose and treat Myasthenia gravis 3. Treat NMJ blockade |
Neostigmine
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AchE inhibitor
treat Myasthenia Gravis |
Edrophonium
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AchE inhibitor
Used to reverse Musc antagonist in CNS No M gravis |
Physostigmine
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AchE inhibitor
Irreversible phosphorylation Miosis treat glaucoma |
Isoflurophate
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treats glaucoma
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pilocarpine, isoflurophate
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Name muscarin receptor antagonists
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Atropine, Darifenacin, Ipratropium, Propantheline, Pirenzepine
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Musc antagonist
inhibits Ach in SM, glands, CNS block ADUMBBELSS caused by AchE inhibitor |
Atropine
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ADUMBBELSS
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Abdominal cramping, Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis, Bronchospasm, Bradycardia, Excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS, Lacrimation, Sweating, Salivation
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M3 block
new drug treat urinary incontinence less GI and heart side effects |
Darifenacin
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Musc antagonist
Cause bronchodilation treat COPD |
Ipratropium bromide
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Atropine, pirenzepine, Ipratropium side effects
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Cause narrow angle glaucoma, urinary retention with prostate hypertrophy
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Musc antagonist
relax GI inhibit GI secretions treat peptic ulcer |
Propantheline bromide
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Musc antagonist M1
treat peptic ulcer |
Pirenzepine
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Nic rec agonist
quit smoking need alkaline saliva |
Nicotine
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Nic rec antagonist at autonomic ganglia
1st antihypterT bad side effects |
Hexamethonium
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Nic rec antagonist at autonomic ganglia
very short acting 1. control surgical bleeds 2. treat hyperT when can't use Beta blockers (aortic aneurysm dissection) 3. treat autonomic hyperreflexia |
Trimethophan
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Nic rec antagonist
non competitive 1. control surgical bleeds 2. treat hyperT when can't use Beta blockers (aortic aneurysm dissection) 3. treat autonomic hyperreflexia 4. treat nicotine dependence |
Mecamylamine
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depolarizing agent
fasciculations then desensitize rapid need pseudocholinesterase or have problems |
Succinylcholine
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name class:
comp antag at NMJ overcome with Ach 75% block= paralysis start 95%=complete face 1st trunk last |
non depolaring agents
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non depolaring agent
partial block autonomic which causes hypotension release histamine which causes hypotension and bronchospasm |
Tubocurarine
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non depolarizing agent
Long acting No effects on heart |
Doxacurium
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non depolaring agent
Least potent so need large dose which is antimuscarinic and causes increased heart rate Most rapid onset |
Rocuronium
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non depolaring agent
release histamine Hofman degradation (non enzyme) spontaneous hydrolysis |
Atracurium
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non depolaring agent
hydrolyzed rapidly by pseudocholinesterase |
Mivacurium
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2 drugs hydrolyzed by pseudocholinesterase
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succinylcholine and mivacurium
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skeletal muscle relaxant
mimic GABA treat MS spasticity and trigeminal neuralgia |
Baclofen
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skeletal muscle relaxant
benzodiazepine that enhances GABA sedative, anti anxiety, hypnosis |
Diazepam
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skeletal muscle relaxant
decrease Ca+2 release in fast skeletal muscle. therefore decrease reflexes treat MS spasticity treat malignant hyperthermia from excess Ca+2 |
Dantrolene
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Ethanolamine
Strong sedative Strong anti-cholinergic Anti-motion sickness |
Diphenhydramine
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Ethylaminediamine
Mild anticholinergic Moderate sedative GI side effects |
Pyrilamine
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Piperazine
Stong sedative anxiolytic |
hydroxyzine
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Piperazine derivative (2 drugs)
Mild sedative Anti-motion sickness |
Cyclizine, Meclizine
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Alkylamines (2 drugs)
Mild anti-cholinergic mild sedative In OTC Cold prep |
Brompheniramine, Chlorpheniramine
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Phenothiazine
Strong sedative Strong anti-cholinergic Anti-emetic |
Promethazine
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Piperidine
Moderate sedative Mild anti-cholinergic Anti-serotonergic |
Cyproheptadine
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2nd generation antihistamines (3 drugs)
Allergies |
Loratadine, Cetirizine, Fexofenadine
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drugs for allergies
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alkylamines or 2nd gen
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anti-emetic drugs
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meclizine, promethazine, diphenhydramine
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drugs for sedation
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promethazine, diphenhydramine
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serotonin agonist
anxiolytic |
buspirone
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other serotonin agonist
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sumatriptan
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serotonin antagonist
2A Muscarinic and H1 antagonist resembles phenothiazines used in carcinoid syndrome and cold induced urticaria |
Cyproheptadine
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serotonin antagonist
7 and dopamine receptors atypical antipsych used in schizophrenia |
Clozapine
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serotonin antagonist
2A, 1C, and alpha blocks VSM contraction, platelet aggregation approved in Europe for hyperT |
Ketanserin
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serotonin antagonist
same as Ketanserin without alpha |
Ritanserin
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serotonin antagonist
3 prevent nausea/vomiting after surgery and in chemo |
Ondansetron
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serotonin antagonist
similar to Ondansetron |
Granisetron
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