Autonomic Nervous System Review

Front 1

what is the nicotinic receptor isoform form for the sympathetic ganglia

Back 1

(alpha3)2(beta4)3

Front 2

what drug reduces circulating norepinephrine levels arising from operative stress

Back 2

benzodiazepine

Front 3

in general sympathetic postganglionic cells travel from the ganglia to the target tissues and release what

Back 3

norepinephrine

Front 4

preganglionic cells that synapse directly with the adrenal medulla secrete what

Back 4

epinephrine

Front 5

NE is degraded by uptake into what

Back 5

either the target cell (COMT) or the secreting neuron (MAO)

Front 6

what occurs when NE binds to alpha 2 receptors

Back 6

inhibit synthesis and secretion

Front 7

what are the two main classes of adrenergic receptors

Back 7

alpha and beta

Front 8

what is the prominent location and functional role of the alpha 1 adrenergic receptor

Back 8

vascular smooth muscle - increase contraction via IP3 > increased calcium > increased MLCK > increased blood pressure

Front 9

what is the prominent location and functional role of the alpha 2 adrenergic receptor

Back 9

nerve cells - pre-and postsynaptic inhibition via decreased cAMP > decreased Ca channel activity > decreased nerve excitation > decreased blood pressure and decreased pain perception

Front 10

what is the prominent location and functional role of Beta 1 adrenergic receptors

Back 10

heart - increase stimulation via cAMP > increased Ca channel activity > increased heart rate and force

Front 11

what is the prominent location and functional role of Beta 2 adrenergic receptors

Back 11

smooth muscle in skeletal muscle arteries, bronchi, uterus - inhibition via increase cAMP > decrease MLCK > decrease contraction > decrease blood pressure, decrease labor, decrease bronchial constriction

Front 12

preganglionic cells of the parasympathetic nervous system are carried by what nerves

Back 12

III,VII,IX,X and by sacral nerves S2-S4

Front 13

what neurotransmitter stimulates the sweat glands and blood vessels in the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Back 13

acetylcholine

Front 14

what neurotransmitter stimulates the heart, smooth muscle, and glands in the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Back 14

acetylcholine

Front 15

the receptors of the parasympathetic NS that release acetylcholine are mediated by what type of receptor

Back 15

muscarinic

Front 16

what is acetylcholine synthesized by

Back 16

acetyl CoA and choline by the enzyme choline acetyle transferase

Front 17

what breaks down acetylcholine

Back 17

acetylcholinesterase

Front 18

what is the function of M1 receptors

Back 18

gastric/salivary secretion

Front 19

M1 receptors are associated with what g protein

Back 19

Gq

Front 20

what is the function of M2 receptors

Back 20

slow heart rate

Front 21

what G protein is associated with M2 receptors

Back 21

Gi

Front 22

what is the function of M3 receptors

Back 22

gastric/salivary secretion, eye, accomodation, vasodilation

Front 23

what G protein is associated with M3 receptors

Back 23

Gq

Front 24

what is the function of M4

Back 24

CNS

Front 25

what G protein is associated with M4

Back 25

Gi

Front 26

what is the function of M5

Back 26

CNS

Front 27

what G protein is associated with M5

Back 27

Gq

Front 28

what is the function of Galphas

Back 28

stimulates adenylyl cyclase

Front 29

what is the function of Galphaq

Back 29

stimulates phospholipase C

Front 30

what is the function of G alpha i

Back 30

inhibits adenylyl cylase

Front 31

what is the function of Gbetagammai

Back 31

activates potassium conductance

Front 32

which muscarinic receptors act by stimulating PLC to form IP3 that releases Ca from the ER and activates calmodulin and MLCK

Back 32

M 1 and 3

Front 33

what pathway mediate the effect of alpha adrenergic stimulation from norepinephrine released by sympathetic post ganglionic neurons

Back 33

DAG/IP3/PKC pathway

Front 34

what does stimulation of alpha adrenergic receptor cause

Back 34

peripheral vasoconstriction of arteriolar smooth muscle

Front 35

what adrenergic agonists do over the counter cold remedies use

Back 35

alpha adrenergic agonists

Front 36

how do beta 2 receptors cause muscle relaxation

Back 36

stimulate cAMP synthesis that activates protein kinases to phosphorylate MLCK to prevent calmodulin binding and activation thereby causing muscle relaxation

Front 37

what occurs to the alpha 1 and beta 2 receptors during the filling phase of the urinary bladder

Back 37

beta 2 receptors relax the detrusor muscle while alpha 1 receptors stimulate contraction of the sphincters

Front 38

what occurs during the emptying phase of the urinary bladder that causes contraction of the detrusor muscle

Back 38

sympathetic stimulation is inhibited and muscarinic stimulation via the parasympathetic nervous system which promotes contraction of the detrusor muscle

Front 39

what is hytrin 1

Back 39

an alpha 1 blocker that is used to further relax bladder and urinary tract smooth muscle to facilitate urination in men when an enlarged prostate

Front 40

what is pilocarpine

Back 40

a muscarinic agonist used to stimulate salivary flow

Front 41

what is the cellular response of acetylcholilne acting on muscarinic receptors of acinar cells of the pancreas

Back 41

secretion of digestive enzymes, such as amylase and trypsinogen

Front 42

what is the cellular response of acetylcholine acting on muscarinic receptors of salivary gland cells of the parotid gland

Back 42

secretion of amylase

Front 43

what is the cellular response of acetylcholine acting on muscarinic receptors of beta cells of islets of the pancreas

Back 43

secretion of insulin

Front 44

what is the cellular response of acetylcholine acting on muscarinic receptors on vascular or stomach smooth muscle

Back 44

contraction

Front 45

what causes the contraction of circular muscle in the eye

Back 45

acetylcholine released by CNIII

Front 46

what is atropine

Back 46

a muscarinic inhibitor that causes pupillary dilation via relaxation of a circular muscle

Front 47

what neurotransmitter stimulates radial muscles via alpha 1 receptors to dilate the pupil

Back 47

norepinephrine

Front 48

what part of the serous cells in mixed glands allows mixing of serous and mucus secretions

Back 48

demi lune

Front 49

why does sympathetic stimulation of the salivary glands cause dry mouth even though it stimulates secretion

Back 49

because it reduces blood flow to the salivary glands so less ultrafiltrate is available for secretion