Autonomic Nervous System

Front 1

What is autonomic function?

Back 1

Refers to systems that regulate and maintain the homeostasis or constant environment of the body in an unconscious fashion

Front 2

What controls autonomic regulation of body homeostasis?

Back 2

Humoral and Neural mechanisms - both are under CNS control

Front 3

What is Humoral Control?

Back 3

Endocrine responses develop slowly and have prolonged effects

Front 4

What are Neural effects

Back 4

Rapid reaction force- teends to act rapidly and have short term effects on viscera.

Front 5

What is the Autonomic Nervous system?

Back 5

PN and CN components

Responsible for rapid regulation of CV, Resp, Dogestive, Urinary, and reproductive organs

Front 6

What are the subdivisions of the Visceral motor pathways?

Back 6

Sympatetic, parasympathetic, and enteric

Front 7

Describe the energy use of the ANS

Back 7

The effects of sympathetic stim are catabolic - preparing the body to flee or fight

The effects of parasympathetic stim are anabolic - promoting normal function and conserving energy

Front 8

Describe the distribution of the ANS

Back 8

P: restricted to the head, neck, and body cavities

S: Distributed to all vascularized portions of the body

Front 9

Describe Gladular secretion

Back 9

Secretion is stimulated in all glands by parasympathetic axons except for sweat glands

Front 10

How does the ANS effects Blood vessels

Back 10

S: Vasocontriction (except for coronary arteries), vasomotor control,

Deep muscles - Symp produces vasodilation

Front 11

What neurons are involved in ANS connections?

Back 11

1st is in the CNS (preganglionic autonomic neurons. Has a thin myelinated axon and contacts neurons located in an autonomic ganglion in the body.

Autonomic Ganglion sends unmyelinated axon to visceral effector vell.

Front 12

Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic Axon

Back 12

S: shortpreganglionicaxon, long postgangionic

Near CNS

P: longpreganglionicaxon, short postganglionic axon

Near Effector Organ

Front 13

What is included in the sympathetic ganglia?

Back 13

Prevertebral and para vertebral.

Front 14

What controls the Sympathetic ganglia?

Back 14

Neurons located in the spinal cord which in turn are under the influence of neurons in the brain stem and hypothalamas

Front 15

Describe Paravertebral Ganglia

Back 15

Sympathetic chain

Theseganglia contain postganglionic neurons for innervation ofthe body wall and thoracic viscera

Front 16

Describe the Prevertebral Ganglia

Back 16

Associatedwith the abdominal aorta and its largerbranches). These ganglia contain postganlionicneurons that innervate abdominal viscera and partly pelvic viscera

Front 17

How do the preganglionic axons travel

Back 17

Neuronsin the spinal cord exit via ventralroots at spinal segments T1 through L2 andenter the sympathetic trunk via the whitecommunicating ramus

Front 18

What are Splanchnic nerves

Back 18

Where axons that supply the viscera pass through to connect to other prevertebral ganglia

Front 19

Describe the symp innervation of the adrenal gland

Back 19

Pre-gang axons from the SC innervate adrenal Medullary cells.

Front 20

What are the two mechanisms that post ganglionic neurons use

Back 20

Join spinal nerves via gray rami to visceral structures located in the body wall and extremities.

May form Symp Nerves to reach their targets.

-Cervical and thoracic cardiac nerves and pulmonary nerves

Front 21

How do Postganglionic prevertebral symp axons travel ?

Back 21

Axonsfollow the course of arteries to supply innervation to the abdominal visceraand also have control over their bloodflow

Front 22

Slide 27

Front 23

Describe the Parasympathetic distribution?

Back 23

Preganglionicneurons are located in the brainstem nuclei of Cranial Nerves III, VII, IX andX and in sacral spinal segments S2 to S4

Front 24

What innervates the viscera in the body?

Back 24

Pregnaglionic parasympathetic via the vagus nerve (CNX) and neurons located in the SC from S2-S4

Front 25

Slide 33

Back 25

n

Front 26

How is Autonomic sensory information divided?

Back 26

Nociceptive (symp) and physiological (para)

Front 27

Describe Nociceptors

Back 27

Typicall unmyelinated small diameter axons from Dorsal root ganglia. Responds to tissue or stimuli that results from damaged tissue

Ex - overstretch, release of endogenous componds in reponse to tissue breakdown

Front 28

Describe Visceral pain

Back 28

Diffuse and poorly localized.

May be referred

Front 29

How do non-pain visceral sensation travel?

Back 29

Goes to CNS through the sacral spinal cord and to the brainstem in CN 7,9,10

Used to monitor visceral functions and homeostais

Front 30

What are Chemoreceptors

Back 30

areresponsive to changes in arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide, blood pH, and tosome drugs.

Front 31

What are baroreceptors

Back 31

areresponsive to changes in arterial blood pressure.ature

Front 32

What are Osmoreceptors

Back 32

areresponsive to changes in blood osmolarity

Front 33

What are thermal receptors

Back 33

responseto changes in blood temperature.

Front 34

What is a baroreceptor reflex

Back 34

basic physiological effect to control blood pressure and HR.

Glosso and Vagal afferents reportblood pressure and oxygenation to brain stem.

Front 35

What are the plexuses of the gut wall?

Back 35

Mynteric and submucosal

Front 36

Describe the enteric plexus

Back 36

Contains both motor and sensaory neurons and interneurons that are organized to produce contraction and relaxation involved in perstalsis.

Front 37

Slide 44

Front 38

What chemicals are used in the Symp Pre and postganglionic neuronss?

Back 38

Pre - acetylcholine

Post - Norepinepherine

Front 39

What chemicals are used in the Parasymp Pre and postganglionic neuronss?

Back 39

Both use acetylcholine. Indicates that drugs or other agents that affect or mimic acetylcholine may have broad autonomic effects

Front 40

Describe Acetylcholine receptors

Back 40

Broadly classified as nicotinic and muscarinic.

Front 41

Describe Nicotinic receptors

Back 41

Fast and Ionotropic

Located in skeletal muscle on most Postganglionic autonomic neurons and in the CNS. Activation of CNS receptors contribute to nicotine addiction

Front 42

Describe Muscarinic receptors

Back 42

Slow and Gprotein mediated

Control cholinergic responses predominantly of parasympatehetic target organs - smooth muscle, cardiac.

Front 43

What is the importance of location of NT receptor on target organ

Back 43

Determines the response to noreepinephrine

Front 44

What are the primary classes of adrenergic receptors

Back 44

Alpha and beta receptors.

Different class of these wil ldetermine target organ response to both adrenergic NT and pharmacological agents.