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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Primary muscle of inspiration? |
diaphragm |
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Phrenic nerve innervates? |
GSE motor innervation to diaphragm |
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Phrenic nerve arises from? |
ventral branches of C5, C6, C7 spinal nerves |
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What is GSA innervation? What does type of information does it carry? |
GSA: general somatic afferent |
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What is GVA innervation? What type of information does it carry? |
GVA: general visceral afferent sensory: organ content, distention, chemicals |
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What is GSE innervation? What type of information does it carry? |
GSE: general somatic efferent motor: striated skeletal muscle |
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What is GVE innervation? What type of information does it carry? |
GVE: general visceral efferent motor: smooth & cardiac muscle, glands >>ANS: parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation |
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Autonomic nervous system (ANS) comprises which nerve modality? |
GVE: efferent motor innervation to smooth & cardiac muscle, glands |
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Which modalities do all spinal nerves carry? |
GSA (somatic sensory) & GSE (skeletal muscle) |
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Which branch of the spinal nerve carries ANS info? |
communicating branch |
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What are the functions of the PNS? |
1. somatic sensory: skin, CT, skeletal m. (touch, pressure, pain, proprioception) 2. somatic motor: skeletal muscle 3. visceral sensory: thoracic, abdominal, & pelvic organs, serous membranes, blood vessels & lymphatics (touch, pressure, pain, proprioception) 4. visceral motor: ANS, smooth & cardiac muscle, glands |
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What are the functions of the ANS? |
1. homeostasis 2. respond to stress 3. control involuntary activity
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The ANS requires at least ____ neurons. |
At least two: pre-ganglionic and post-ganglionic neurons. |
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The cell bodies of the ANS neurons are located where? |
pre-ganglionic: CNS, lateral horn of spinal cord post-ganglionic: PNS, pre-vertebral ganglion |
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The cell bodies of pre-ganglionic sympathetic ANS neurons are located where? |
thoracolumbar region of spinal cord (T1-L5) |
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The cell bodies of post-ganglionic sympathetic ANS neurons are located where? |
cervical, thoracic, or abdominal ganglia |
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Sympathetic innervation is brought to the heart by which nerves? |
The cardiac nerves |
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Parasympathetic pre-ganglionic neuronal cell bodies are located where? |
the brainstem (cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X) and sacral region of the spinal cord (sacral nerves 1, 2, 3) |
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Parasympathetic post-ganglionic neuronal cell bodies are located where? |
terminal ganglia on the target structure |
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How does sympathetic innervation reach the head? |
sympathetic nerve (via vagosympathetic trunk), courses cranially |
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How does parasympathetic innervation leave the head? |
vagus nerve (via vagosympathetic trunk), courses caudally |
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Which types of fibers are carried by the vagus nerve? |
1. 80% sensory input from pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus, abdominal and thoracic viscera (GVA) 2. sensory input from ear canal, skin (GSA) 3. sensory for taste (SVA) 4. motor input for larynx, pharynx, esophagus (GSE) 5. parasympathetic input to thoracic and abdominal organs (GVE)
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Which nerves does vagus nerve give rise to? |
recurrent laryngeal nerve (innervates larynx) cardiac nerves (heart, obvi) |
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what happens in vagus stays in vagus |
Vagus nerve passes through cranial cervical ganglion and middle cervical ganglion on its way to the abdomen but does not synapse. |
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Does vagosympathetic trunk contain pre-ganglionic nerves, post-ganglionic nerves, or both kinds of nerves? |
Both! |
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Sympathetic nerves can synapse at which ganglia on the way to the head? |
cranial cervical ganglion, middle cervical ganglion, cervicothoracic ganglion |
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Vagus provides parasympathetic innervation to which structures (hint--it's a lot)? |
parasympathetic nerves to structures of neck, thoracic cavity, and abdominal cavity (smooth muscle, cardiac nerves, glands) |
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To which regions do the sacral nerves supply parasympathetic innervation? |
Sacral nerves: caudal part of GI tract, pelvic cavity and viscera. |
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Which structures does parasympathetic innervation go to in the head? |
smooth muscle in the eye (cranial nerve III) and glands in the head (cranial nerves VII and IX) |
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Left recurrent laryngeal nerve wraps around what? |
aortic arch |
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Recurrent laryngeal nerves come off of which nerve? |
vagus nerve |
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Recurrent laryngeal nerves innervate which structure? |
larynx |
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Where is the ventral vagal trunk formed? From what is it formed? |
It is formed just caudal to the heart by the joining of the right and left ventral branches of the vagus nerve. |
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Where is the dorsal vagal trunk formed? From what is it formed? |
It is formed just cranial to the diaphragm by the joining of the right and left dorsal branches of the vagus nerve. |
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What do the dorsal and ventral vagal trunks innervate? |
abdominal viscera |
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Where does vagosympathetic trunk become vagus nerve? |
After middle cervical ganglion. |
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Vagus nerve is carrying ___-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers coursing ______ially to innervate _________ & ___________ organs (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands)! Which type of innervation is this? |
Vagus nerve carries pre-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers caudally to innervate thoracic and abdominal organs. This is GVE innervation. |
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Do parasympathetic fibers go through spinal nerves?
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NO! |
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Do sympathetic fibers go through spinal nerves? |
Yes! |
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Which types of nerve fibers are found in the dorsal and ventral branches of spinal nerves? |
GSE (skeletal muscle) GVE (motor to smooth muscle, glands) GVA (sensory from blood vessels and lymphatics)
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Will you ever find parasympathetic innervation in spinal nerves? |
No. |
