1.2.2 Autonomic Control Of The Cvs And Its Modulation By Drugs

Front 1

Diagram: central processing, efferent pathways, controlled variable, afferent pathways

Back 1

Front 2

What neurotransmitters make up the sympathetic triad and what are their receptors?

Back 2

Neuropeptide Y - Y receptor (GPCR)
Noradrenaline - alpha-1 receptor (GPCR)
Adenosine triphosphate - P2x receptor (ion channel receptor)

Front 3

Adrenergic/purinergic cotransmission

Back 3

When NA and ATP are released together there in adrenergic/purinergic cotransmission.
- NA and ATP together give a big contraction: synergy, boost one another.
- If NPY is added at a concentration to low to create its own contraction, with NA and ATP it gives a big attenuation.

Front 4

CGRP

Back 4

Calcitonin gene related peptide is produced in central and peripheral neurons and gives vasodilation. Functions by a GPCR.
Generally:
- Sympathetic: vasoconstriction
- Parasympathetic: vasodilation

Front 5

Formation of neurotransmitters

Back 5

Synthesis starts in the varicosity and is finished in the vesicle.
Small molecules e.g. ACh synthesised in the axon terminal
Neuropeptides are synthesised in the cell body

Front 6

Synthesis of small molecule neurotransmitters

Back 6

Small molecule neurotransmitters are synthesised locally around the axon terminal.
- some of the precursors are taken up by selective transport on the membrane of the terminal
- others are cellular byproducts
- Enzymes are produced in cell body and brought to the terminal by slow axonal transport

Front 7

Synthesis of neuropeptides

Back 7

Neuropeptides are derived from large precursors with no biological activity. These are in the cell body, packaged into vesicles and moved into the terminals and varicosities, where they are cleaved by peptidases.

Front 8

peptidergic

Back 8

Neuron that releases one or more neurotransmitters

Front 9

Neuromodulation

Back 9

Neuropeptides are formed with another neurotransmitter and can be neuromodulators.