Autonomic And Neuromuscular Pharmacology

Front 1

The PNS pre and post synaptic neurons that release ACh

Back 1

Cholinergic Neuron

Front 2

PNS neuron located on the post-synaptic membrane of the pre-synaptic neuron

Back 2

Nicotinic Cholinergic Neuron

Front 3

PNS neuron located on the post-synaptic membrane (target tissue) of the post-synaptic neuron

Back 3

Muscarinic Cholinergic Neuron

Front 4

SNS post-synaptic neuron that releases NE. Pre-synaptic receptor controls release of NE whereas the axon terminal reuptake protein controls removal of NE

Back 4

Adrenergic Neuron

Front 5

Chemical structures of dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine

Back 5

Catacholamines

Front 6

2 major enzymes that metabolize, break down or inactivate catacholamines

Back 6

MAO and COMT

Front 7

PNS responses

Back 7

Miosis, bradycardia, bronchiocontriction, constriction of gall bladder and urinary bladder, increase GI motility and GI secretions

Front 8

SNS responses

Back 8

Mydrasis, bronchiodilation, increase cardiac outout, vasoconstriction of renal and mesenteric blood vessels, relaxation of skeletal muscle, relaxation of bladder, decrease GI motility

Front 9

Adrenergic Receptors

Back 9

Alpha 1- F/F response
Alpha 2- located on the pre-synaptic membrane of the post-synaptic neuron
Beta 1- F/F response for Cardiac
Beta 2- Passive response

Front 10

Adrenergic receptors on SNS response

Back 10

Mydrasis- Alpha 1
Increase cardio output- Beta 1
bronchiodilation- Beta 2
Decrease GI motility- Beta 2
vasoconstriction of renal- Alpha 1
vasodilation of skeletal muscle- Beta 2
relaxation of the bladder- Beta 2

Front 11

Direct Acting cholinomimetics

Back 11

bethanechol, pilocarpine, nicotine and varenicline

Front 12

Bethanechol

Back 12

MA-Muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonist.
TE-Used in the treatment of GI and bladder paralysis.
PT- induce systemic PNS effects

Front 13

Pilocarpine

Back 13

MA-Muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonist.
TE- used for the treatment of glaucoma

Front 14

Nicotine

Back 14

MA- nicotinic cholinergic receptor agonist
TE- used for the treatment of smoking withdrawl symptoms

Front 15

varenicline

Back 15

MA- nicotinic cholinergic partial agonist
TE- helps decrease cravings and pleasure effects of cigarettes

Front 16

Indirect Acting Cholinomimetics

Back 16

Neostigmine and Tacrine

Front 17

Neostigmine

Back 17

MA- acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. ACh accumulates in synapse and produces effect.
TE- used for the treatment of GI and bladder paralysis, gluacoma and mysternia gravis

Front 18

Tacrine

Back 18

MA-passes through BBB. ACh enzyme inhibitor. Reverses short term memory by increasing ACh
TE- treatment of symptoms of Alzheimer's disease

Front 19

Cholinolytics

Back 19

cholinergic receptor blockers, Suppresses PNS functions.
Atropine and Scopolamine

Front 20

Atropine

Back 20

MA- muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist.
TE- induces mydrasis, reduces secretions, treatment of bradycardia, treatment of severe diarrhea and bladder incontinence

Front 21

Scopolamine

Back 21

MA- muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist
TE-used in the treatment of motion sickness. inhibits the cholinergic activation of the emesis center

Front 22

Ganglioinic blockers

Back 22

blocks SNS responses.

Trimethaphan

Front 23

Trimethaphan

Back 23

MA- nicotinic cholinergic receptor antagonist. (decreases release of NE)
TE- treatment of severe hypertension

Front 24

Skeletal muscle relaxants/anti-spastic drugs

Back 24

baclofen and d-tubocurare

Front 25

baclofen

Back 25

MA- a GABA receptor agonist that suppresses motor neuron activity and nerve conduction
TE- inhibits activity of motor neurons associated with exaggerated reflex activity such as MS

Front 26

d-tubocurare

Back 26

MA- nicotinic cholinergic receptor antagonist on skeletal muscle ( blocks excitation-contraction coupling)
TE- induce skeletal muscle relaxation needed during surgery. For tracheal intubations or shock therapy

Front 27

Adrenergics

Back 27

alters the biosynthesis of catacholamines.
methyltrosine and L-DOPA

Front 28

Methyltrosine

Back 28

MA- inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase
TE-treatment of pheochromocytoma; a tumor of the adrenal medulla, assoc with excessive production of catacholamines and development of severe hypertension

Front 29

L-DOPA

Back 29

MA- serves as a substrate for dopamine synthesis
TE- pass through the BBB and elevates dopamine synthesis and reduce tremors and other motor disorders, parkinsonism

Front 30

Generalized sympathomimetics

Back 30

not selective for any sub-type of adrenergic receptor.
epinephrine and dopamine

Front 31

Epinephrine

Back 31

MA-a Alpha 1 and 2, Beta 1 and 2 adrenergic receptor agonist wich induces F/F responses
TE- induces SNS effects- bronchiodilation, treatment of cardiac arrest

Front 32

Dopamine

Back 32

MA-is an agonist for D-1, beta 1 and Alpah 1 adrenergic receptors
TE- cardiogenic shock by acting as a renal D-1 receptor, increases RBF. Beta 1 increases cardiac output

Front 33

Alpha adrenergic receptor sympathomimetics

Back 33

phenylephrine, tetrahydralazine and clonidine

Front 34

Phenylephrine

Back 34

MA-Alpha 1 adrenergic agonist
TE- nasal decongestant by inducing vasoconstiction of bllod vessels in nasal mucosa

Front 35

Tetrahydralazine

Back 35

MA- Alpha 1 adrenergic agonist.
TE- used to treat irritation of eyes induced by allergens, smoke or fatigue by inducing vasoconstriction of blood vessels on the surface of the cornea

Front 36

Clonidine

Back 36

MA- passes through the BBB and acts as an Alpha 2 AR agonist, reduces the release of catacholimines and SNS tone
TE- used as an antihypertensive drug.

Front 37

Beta Adrenergic receptor sympathomimetics

Back 37

mimics NE responses
isoproternal, doputamine and albuterol

Front 38

Isoproternal

Back 38

MA-generalized Beta 1 and 2 AR agonist
TE-cardiac stimulant

Front 39

doputamine

Back 39

MA- selective beta 1 AR agonist
TE-cardiac stimulant

Front 40

albuterol

Back 40

MA- selective Beta 2 AR agonist
TE-used as a bronchiodilator

Front 41

Indirect acting and mixed acting sympathomimetics

Back 41

amphetamines and ephedrine

Front 42

Amphetamines

Back 42

MA-transported into sympathic axon terminal where it displaces catacholimes from internal stores.
TE- CNS stimulant. Treats narcolepsy. Used in children for ADD

Front 43

Ephedrine

Back 43

MA- displaces NE from internal stores (slow displacement) and is also an Alpha 1 & Beta 2 AR agonist.
TE- nasal decongestant and bronchiodilator

Front 44

Alpha AR sympatholytics

Back 44

Alpha AR blockers
phentolamine and prazosin

Front 45

Phentolamine

Back 45

MA-generalized Alpha 1 & 2 AR antagonist
TE-treatment of frost bite and Raynaud's syndrome. Reduces cutaneous vasoconstriction and increases blood flow to the skin

Front 46

Prazosin

Back 46

MA-selective Alpha 1 AR antagonist
TE-antihypertensive drug. Redcues peripheral vasoconstriction to renal and mescentric vascular beds

Front 47

Beta AR sympatholytics

Back 47

Beta AR blockers
propranolol and metaprolol

Front 48

Propanolol

Back 48

MA-generalized Beta 1 & 2 antagonist
TE-prophylactic treatment of migraine headaches that are assoc with vasoconstriction (beta 2 mediated)

Front 49

Metaprolol

Back 49

MA- selective Beta 1 antagonist
TE-hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias and ishemic heart disease