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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Condition in which damage to organs or tissue results from the presence of Autoantibody or Autoreactive cells |
Autoimmune Disorders |
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Ability of the immune system to accept self antigen and not initiate a response against them |
Self Tolerance |
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2 Types of Lymphoid Organs that prevents the release of autoreactive cells |
- Central - Peripheral |
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Reasons for Autoimmune reactions |
- Molecular Mimicry - Bystander Effect - Super Antigens |
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Individual viral/bacterial agents contains Antigen that closely resembles self-Antigen |
Molecular Mimicry |
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Viral agent that closely resembles Acetylcholine |
Polio Virus VP2 |
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Viral agent that closely resembles Myelin Basic Protein |
Measles Virus VP3 |
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Viral agent that resembles Insulin Receptor |
Papilloma Virus VP2 |
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Microorganisms can induce a local inflammatory response that recruits Leukocytes and stimulates APCs to release cytokines that activates T cells |
Bystander Effect |
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Non-specific activation of T cells |
Super-Antigens |
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Has the ability to bind to both MHC class II and T cell Receptor, regardless of the Antigen specificity |
Super-Antigens |
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2 Types of Autoimmunity |
- Organ specific - Systemic or Non-organ specific |
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Most common autoimmune disorder |
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis (hypothyroidism) |
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Associated to HLA - DR4, DR5 |
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis |
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What HLA type is Hashimoto's Thyroiditis associated to? |
HLA - DR4, DR5 |
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Autoantibodies of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis |
- Anti-Thyroglobulin - Anti-Thyroid Microsomal Ab - Thyroid Membrane Receptor - Second Colloid Ag (CA2) - T3 & T4 |
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Autoantibodies of Grave's Disease |
- Thyroid Peroxidase Ab (TPO) - TSH Receptor Ab (TRab) |
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Associated to HLA - DR3-DR4, DQ2, DQ8 |
Insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM/T1DM) |
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What HLA type is Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus associated to? |
HLA - DR3-DR4, DQ2, DQ8 |
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Autoantibodies of IDDM |
- Insulin Autoantibody (IAA) - Glutamic acid Decarboxylase autoantibody (GAD) - Islet cell Ag - 2 (IA2) |
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Misdiagnosed as Type 2 DM |
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) |
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Progress more rapidly to insulin dependence |
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) |
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Autoimmune disease that affects the small intestine and other organs |
Celiac Disease |
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Environmental Trigger of Celiac Disease |
Gluten |
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What HLA type is Celiac Disease associated to? |
HLA - DQ2, DQ8 |
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Autoantibodies of Celiac Disease |
- Anti-Tissue Transglutaminase - Endomisial Ab (EmA) - Deaminated Gliadin Peptide |
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2 types of Autoimmune Liver Disease |
- Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) - Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) |
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Antibodies of AIH |
Anti-Smooth Muscle Ab |
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Also known as Chronic Active Hepatitis |
Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) |
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Autoimmune Hepatitis is also known as? |
Chronic Active Hepatitis |
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Autoantibodies of PBC |
Anti-mitochondrial Ab (AMA) |
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Autoimmune disease that affects Lacrimal glands |
Sjogren's Syndrome |
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What HLA type is Sjogren's Syndrome associated to? |
HLA - B8, DR3 |
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Autoimmune disease associated to HLA - B8, DR3 |
Sjogren's Syndrome |
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Sjogren's Syndrome results to: |
- Keratoconjunctivitis sicca - Xerostomia |
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Dryness of Eyes |
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca |
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Dryness of mouth, Strawberry tongue |
Xerostomia |
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Autoantibodies of Sjogren's Syndrome |
Non-specific - Rheumatoid Factor (RF) - Anti-nuclear Ab (ANA) Specific - Anti-Salivary Gland |
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Will result to Pernicious Anemia |
Autoimmune Gastritis |
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Presence of Antibody against Parietal cells |
Autoimmune Gastritis |
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Presence of H+/K+ - ATPase protein pump |
Autoimmune Gastritis |
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Presence of Cobalamin (absorbing protein) |
Autoimmune Gastritis |
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Autoimmune Gastritis has a highly presence of: |
- Ab against Parietal cells - H+/K+ - ATPase Protein Pump - Cobalamin - absorbing protein |
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Vitamin B12 deficiency |
Pernicious Anemia |
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Autoantibodies of Pernicious Anemia |
- Anti-Intrinsic Factor - Anti-Parietal cells |
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Diagnostics of Pernicious Anemia |
Presence of Intrinsic Factor - Blocking Ab |
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Demyelination of Nerve cells |
Multiple Sclerosis |
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Autoantibodies of Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
- Deoxyribonuclease - Sensitive Perinuclear ANCA - Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ab - Pancreatic Ab - Anti-Outer Membrane from E. coli |
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Autoimmune disease associated to Pituitary Gland |
Sheehan's Syndrome |
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Autoimmune disease associated to Adrenal Glands |
Idiopathic Addison's disease |
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Autoimmune disease associated to Parathyroid Gland |
Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism |
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Autoimmune disease that affects the Acetylcholine receptor of p binding Ab |
Myasthenia gravis |
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Autoimmune disease that has Anti-Basement Membrane Ab |
Goodpasture Syndrome |
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Immune complex disease characterized by over production of Antibodies |
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) |
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Most common manifestation of SLE |
Arthritis |
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Diagnostic feature of SLE |
Butterfly rush / Red wolf |
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Drugs associated to SLE |
- Hydralazine - Chlorpromazine - Procainamide - Quinidine - Isoniazid |
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Most commonly detected in the Lab Observations of SLE |
Presence of Anti-Nuclear Ab (ANA) |
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Lab Observations in SLE |
- Presence of ANA - LE cell - PMN w/ ingested LE body (rosette formation) |
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Serological Tests of SLE |
- Anti-Nuclear Ab (ANA) Visible Method - Indirect Fluorescent Ab Test Detection of ANA (FANA) |
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Principle and Positive result of ANA Visible Method in SLE serological test |
Principle: Indirect Immunoenzyme (+) Brown cytoplasmic or nuclear stain |
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Principle of Indirect FANA in SLE serological test |
Principle: Indirect Immunofluorescent |
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Nuclear staining patterns |
- Homogenous (diffuse) - Peripheral (rim/outline) - Speckled - Nucleolar - Centromere |
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Uniform staining of the entire nucleus |
Homogenous (diffuse) |
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Diffuse staining is throughout the nucleus, but greater intensity around the outer circle surrounding the nucleus |
Peripheral (rim/outline) |
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Discrete, fluorescent specks throughout the nucleus |
Speckled |
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Prominent staining of the nucleoli |
Nucleolar |
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Numerous Fine speckles and is associated to CREST Syndrome |
Centromere |
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Detects Ab against dsDNA by using a specific hemoflagellate |
Immunofluorescence |
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What hemoflagellate is used in Immunofluorescence |
Crithidia luciliae |
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Autoimmune disease causing inflammation of the joints and periarticular tissue |
Rheumatoid Arthritis |
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Group of immunoglobulin that interacts specifically w/ the Fc portion of the IgG molecules of Rheumatoid Arthritis |
Rheumatoid Factor (non-specific; IgM) |
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Specific marker for RA |
Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide |
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Generated when enzyme Peptidyl Arginine Deaminase (PAD) modifies the amino acid arginine by replacing an NH2 group w/ a neutral oxygen |
Citrulline |
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#1 factor that promotes RA |
Smoking |
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Lab Tests for RA |
- Sheep cells Agglutination test (rosenthal) - Latex Fixation test (singer and plotz) - Sensitized Alligator Erythrocyte test (cohen et. Al.) - Bentonite Flocculation test (bloch and bunim) |
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Inflammation of blood vessels primarily affects the upper respiratory tract |
Granulomatosis w/ Polyangitis (Wegener's Granulomatis) |
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Lab Diagnosis of Wegener's Granulomatis |
Nasal or Oral Inflammations w/ Oral Ulcer |
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Two patterns of Fluorescence in the Lab Diagnosis for Wegener's Granulomatis |
- Cytoplasmic (C-ANCA) - Perinuclear (P-ANCA) |
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Autoimmune disease that proliferates immature WBC - shift to Left |
Leukemia |
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Autoimmune disease that have a presence of Reedsternberg cell |
Hodgkin's Lymphoma |
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Presence of Gamma Spikes |
Multiple Myeloma |
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Malignancy of Mature Plasma cell |
Multiple Myeloma |
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Most serious autoimmune disease |
Multiple Myeloma |
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Presence of Benz Jones protein |
Multiple Myeloma |
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Malignant proliferation of IgM paraproteins behave as cryoglobulins |
Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia |
