Autoimmune Diseases, Transplantation, And Immunodificiencies

Front 1

what is a synergenic graft

Back 1

donor and recepient are genetically identical

Front 2

what is a allogenic graft?

Back 2

donor and recepient are of the same species

Front 3

what is the chance that your sibling's MHC matches yours?

Back 3

1 in 4

Front 4

what is a xenogenic graft?

Back 4

donor and recepient are of different species.

Front 5

In a seceond set rejection (rejection is quick due to previous sensitization) what is different besides the timing of rejection?

Back 5

there is no revascularization or wound healing.

Front 6

Define hyperacute reaction and give an example.

Back 6

the acceptor has Ab's against the donor already, thus immediate rejection. An example is blood type mismatch

Front 7

If there was an MHC mismatch in donor and recepient, is it better if it is class I or II?

Back 7

Class I because CD8 T cells are not as damaging as CD4's.

Front 8

what is alloreactivity and what does it lead to?

Back 8

Foreign MHC's on the graft react with our self peptides, thus we get DTH response

Front 9

An example of this condition is in a bone marrow transplant when the transplanted T cells mount an attack on the recepient's tissues.

Back 9

Graft versus host disease.

Front 10

how do the immunosuppresives cyclosporin and FK506 work?

Back 10

they block calmodulin binding to calcineurin thus preventing NF-ATc txn factor which is needed for T cell activation.

Front 11

what is a toxic effect of cyclosporin and immunosuppresives?

Back 11

nephrotoxicity because kidneys need the calmodulin pathway

Front 12

what do these drugs do? (answers in same order)
azathiprine, mycophenolate, corticosteroid, rapamycin, and CTLA4-Ig.

Back 12

anti proliferative, anti proliferative, inhibit mac cytokine secretion, inhibit IL-2 signalling, blocks co-stimulation.

Front 13

what is a cross reacting Ab and what is an example of it?

Back 13

virus/bacteria may have Ag similar to our own. Thus our body attacks the foreign Ag, then attacks self Ag. Streptococcal Ag is similar to heart tissue, thus rheumatic fever.

Front 14

what happens with polyclonal B cell activation?

Back 14

B cells that release non specefic auto Ab's are stimulated by a pathogen. These Ab's are very low affinity but cause disease bc of their large numbers.

Front 15

what are examples of type II autoimmune diseases?

Back 15

acute hemolytic anemia, good pasture's, pemphigus vulgaris, acute rheumatic fever, and myasthenia gravis

Front 16

This disease causes production of auto Ab's that constantly stimulate Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor thus there is an over production of thyroid hormones due to these long acting thyroid stimulating Ab's (LATS)

Back 16

Grave's disease

Front 17

what are three type III hypersensitivity autoimmune diseases?

Back 17

mixed essential erythroglobulinemia, systemic lupus erthematosus (SLE), and rheumatoid arthritis

Front 18

what autoimmune disease results in auto Ab's to DNA, histones, RBC's, platelets, and clotting factors thus leading to hemolytic anemia, vasculitis, or glomerulonephritis from deposition of immune complexes there.

Back 18

SLE

Front 19

what are examples of type IV hypersensitivity autoimmune diseases?

Back 19

insulin dependent diabetes, rheumatism, multiple sclerosis

Front 20

what autoimmune disease effects the CNS due to anti-myelin T cells?

Back 20

multiple sclerosis

Front 21

recurrent bacterial otitis media and pneumonia are common in patients with this immunodificiency that results in B cell dysfunction

Back 21

agammaglobulinemia

Front 22

In this immunodeficiency the progression of B cell maturation does not progress beyond pre-B cells because pre BCR cannot use Bruton's RTK.

Back 22

X-linked agammaglobulinemia

Front 23

this autoimmune disease has normal B cell levels just decreased levels of Ig; it is thought to be a defect in T cell/B cell interaction.

Back 23

Aquired hypogammaglobulinemia

Front 24

should patients with selective IgA deficiency be treated with injections of IgA?

Back 24

no, IgA may be recognized as a foreign Ag.

Front 25

This immunodeficiency has cells with no MHC's

Back 25

Bare lymphocyte syndrome

Front 26

This type of SCID deals with a defect in purine synthesis that results in an accumulation of substances that are toxic to lymphocytes

Back 26

Adenine deaminase deficiency OR purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency

Front 27

What defect in some SCIDs is a target for gene therapy?

Back 27

the common gamma chain that is used in many cytokine receptors (IL-2) for example.

Front 28

X linked SCID is also known as what? It can be treated how?

Back 28

SCID with B cells (the common gamma chain is missing thus no T cells). It can be treated viabone marrow transplant or gene therapy.